Projected Man

A Robot Buddy who happens to be made out of light.

Holography is the very real technique of using lasers to create a three dimensional image. It's very difficult and requires precisely calculated conditions and a bunch of costly hardware, but it's visually stunning, at least the first few times you see one. Technically, what is popularly called a "hologram" in science fiction is really called a volumetric display, as a true hologram is recorded onto a visual medium that provides the illusion of volume.

In The Future, presumably, this will get a lot easier. The Projected Man allows an artificial character to be a Ridiculously Human Robots without all the logistical problems that implies.

The character may be constrained by power or the availability of a projector to add flavor.

Can be made of Hard Light, or can be an Intangible Man. Generally, if the Projected Man is solid, he will be able to become intangible in a crisis.

Frequently coupled with Tin Man or Mission Control. The inverse (human projection inside a computer world) is the Digital Avatar. Compare Astral Projection, where a living person makes their soul similar to this.

Cross with Spirit Advisor to produce Virtual Ghost. See also Hologram Projection Imperfection for when holograms don't work properly and have visual static or other glitches.

The name comes from the British science fiction movie, The Projected Man, that was riffed on MST3K. The eponymous character was more like a mutated freak with electricity powers than an example of this trope.

Anime and Manga

 * Masha, the Robot Buddy in Tokyo Mew Mew, can project a hologram of Ryou, his Teen Genius creator, when the latter needs to tell something to the girls and can't be there himself.
 * Reinforce Zwei was depicted as this in the Distant Finale of Magical Girl Lyrical Nanoha A's. She's become a lot more solid since.
 * Canal in Lost Universe is a Spaceship Girl in a Meido outfit.
 * Blassreiter has Elea, a quirky AI who projects herself as a sexy imp..

Comics

 * When robotic superheroes get heavily damaged (and they frequently do) they will often be projected until their bodies are completed. The most notable cases are Red Tornado (DC) and Vision (Marvel), the latter of whom changes his density anyway as a superpower.
 * Stel from the Green Lantern Corps (DC) does this too at some point.
 * The mutant who uses the nickname Blue has an area of cyberspace mapped out like Tron, and there he has his own Projected Man 'Clu'.
 * The name "Clu" may itself be a Shout Out to Tron, as there is a minor character in the film with that name.
 * And a major character in the sequel.
 * So...Blue's Clu?
 * In the later Sonic the Hedgehog Archie comics, NICOLE appears as a lynx using this trope.
 * In All Fall Down, AIQ Squared appears as this.

Fan Fiction

 * The Portal 2 fanfic Blue Sky has Wheatley transferred into a Hard Light body. It's so realistic that several characters don't even realize he's not human - at one point, he shows a plug in the back of his neck to the local technology expert, and the other character is so stunned he decides he needs a drink before the conversation can continue.

Film

 * I Robot featured V.I.K.I, the AI/Positronic brain of USR, who usually appeared as a face in a cube, made by smaller cubes.
 * And before that, when Del Spooner first arrives at USR, he interacts with a projected recording of Alfred Lanning, who is capable of answering simple questions.

Literature

 * A future human society in Stephen Baxter's Manifold: Space makes use of "limited-sentience projections" as messengers. Initially Nemoto appears several times via more ordinary holographic telepresence (it's really her, talking as if over the phone), making for an unexpected What Measure Is a Non Human moment much further into the future when another character asks the projection what exactly it is; Virtual Nemoto explains and then looks horrified before dissolving into light. (And you thought Star Trek holograms had it bad...)
 * Andromeda appears to have borrowed the concept, as in at least one instance, a message is sent in the form of an interactive holographic recreation of the sender.
 * Alfred Bester's Computer Connection apparently used this technique to replace both telephones (called "projecting") and advertising. The latter reversed the traditional payment scheme of advertising in that consumers could pay a monthly fee to maintain the insulation in their homes to keep the advertising out.
 * Subverted in Revelation Space by Alastair Reynolds, when one character is being rude to what she thinks is a holographic avatar, only to find it's a real person she's talking to. "We used to use avatars, but they put up with too much crap."
 * The Skylark Series by EE Doc Smith has the Hard Light version of this, and may well be the Ur Example.
 * Jane, from the sequels to Ender's Game, started out as an extremely complex game/psychology test, but eventually developed sentience, and chose a young woman as her preferred avatar. Although holographic displays are standard for personal computers in this universe, the displays can only project holograms in a limited range above themselves.
 * Colin from Mona Lisa Overdrive manifests this way.
 * Wayfarer by Dennis Schmidt has a scene where the main character manages to get aboard a ship still orbiting the planet and meets a holographic projection of the colony fleet's (now long-dead) admiral. The computer running it is programmed with enough of the admiral's knowledge and personality that the simulation could actually exercise a limited degree of command in routine matters; this allows it to give the hero some useful advice based on the real admiral's mastery of Zen.

Live Action Television

 * The titular character of Automan
 * Rimmer in Red Dwarf, although he very definitely did not fit the mold of Robot Buddy.
 * Darien's sidekick Selma in Time Trax. She is almost a Virtual Ghost, as her appearance was based on a photograph of Darien's late mother.
 * The Doctor in Star Trek Voyager, and a number of other characters late in the Star Trek franchise.
 * Any humanoid-like being produced by the Holodeck counts.
 * The other noteworthy mention here is Stephen Hawking who as this type of character got to be the only person in Star Trek history to date to appear on the show as himself.
 * One of Andromeda's three selves in Andromeda.
 * Used by Mission Impossible in a few of their conjobs, particularly notable in the episode Holograms.
 * Caravaggio from Starhunter.
 * Al from Quantum Leap isn't actually a hologram, but functions like one from Sam's point of view.
 * However, Sam and the world around him, appear as this to Al back in the present because he is in an "imaging chamber" much like a Star Trek Holodeck.
 * Similarly Asgard communications technology in Stargate SG-1 functions by projecting a full-body hologram of the user to wherever the person they want to talk to is, apparently without the need for an emitter at the recieving end, allowing for some handy Intangible Man shinnanigans.
 * Several characters on Babylon Five are able to communicate this way while making use of the Great Machine. Two out of three characters who do this on the show tend to be Large Hams for some reason.
 * Cyber-Cam from Power Rangers Ninja Storm, who regular Cam created to handle some of his responsibilities when he became the Sixth Ranger and found that managing that and being the Mission Control was too exhausting.

Video Games

 * Cortana from Halo, who is also a Voice With an Internet Connection and arguably a Mission Control, with a good bit of Playful Hacker thrown in.
 * Ditto for Serina in Halo Wars. In fact, most A Is in the Halo universe (and there are several) use a holographic human avatar.
 * In the video game The Suffering, the hero has to, among many other things, deal with a Projected Man...using decades old technology. Much creepiness ensues, including having to destroy the projectors to stop him from reviving certain enemies.
 * Beyond Good and Evil has Secundo, an Ambiguously Spanish holographic AI who manages Jade's inventory and e-mail for her..
 * Nearly every Virtual Intelligence encountered in the game Mass Effect is a perfect example of this trope. The one exception is the rogue VI found on Earth's moon. It's rogue status may or may not have something to do with this.
 * These are actually a special case; when a VI is designed for interpersonal interaction (such as Avina, the asari VI on the Citadel) it has a human- or asari-shaped projection. There's actually a VI in almost everything, from your omnitool to your biotic implant to your assault rifle. The rogue VI on the moon didn't have a projection because it was designed for organising drones for combat simulations, not for directing people to the nearest bar or restaurant.
 * EDI in the sequel inverts this in that she projects herself as a sphere of blue lights, but is a genuine self-aware AI.
 * Similarly, holographic projections are commonly used for long distance communication, at least for folks important enough to make direct calls to Commander Shepard, a list that is generally limited to leaders or representatives of powerful organizations.
 * Sora in Ever 17 (at least until the True Ending, where she becomes a Robot Girl).
 * The sequel to Knights of the Old Republic has the G0-T0 droid who hides behind his Secret Identity of Goto, a middle aged man communicating only through hologram projection.
 * In Destroy All Humans, Pox becomes this when he downloads his conscious into a float disk just before their main ship was destroyed. He stays this way for a decade before finally getting himself a new body, though not what he expected.
 * of Deus Ex Human Revolution is life live hologram.

Web Comic

 * The AIs that control ships in the Schlock Mercenary universe are usually represented by holograms, for interaction with "meatbags". And for the sake of exposition, as they themselves occasionally notice, even for direct interaction between AIs themselves. Some exceptions are Haban, who is embedded into a human and talks through him, Ennesby, who has a physical flying body and was talking through it or just speakers when he was a ship AI, and TAG, who speaks disembodiedly on purpose.

Web Original

 * All the AIs in Red vs. Blue project themselves in this manner at some point, with Delta notably using his projection to simulate a combatant in battle as a distraction once.
 * In Reconstruction, is revealed to be one of these, blurring the lines between projection and self.

Western Animation

 * Subverted in Futurama, where a miniature Projected Man version of Hermes appears to the other characters to relay a message but is then carried away by a pigeon. When the (real) Hermes appears next, he is sporting various plasters.
 * Slight twist: In some continuities, Transformers have holograms of drivers in their vehicle modes so that they don't appear to be driving themselves. In the latest comic series, the driver avatars are Hard Light projections that can operate some distance from their robot bodies.
 * Sixshot in Transformers Headmasters projects copies of himself to fight; they're made of Hard Light. Prowl in Transformers Animated seems to have picked up a similar trick, but without the hardness (and a crimefighter in the comic named "Wraith" is able to project a moving hologram of himself that he controls from a nearby truck).
 * In Transformers Robots in Disguise, T-AI is a sentient computer who projects a holographic image of herself. She even operates equally holographic keypads to make the computer (which is her) do stuff. Transformers Wiki summed up the Fridge Logic of this. Of course, the Rule of Cool is definitely in effect.
 * A number of computer science textbooks use persons operating levers or buttons to make stuff happen as a visual metaphor for the processes going on in a computer. Perhaps this is supposed to be something similar, with T-AI as the operating system and the keypads representing commands sent to the actual hardware? But yeah, Rule of Cool probably explains it better.
 * In later episodes of Danny Phantom we see that Vlad made himself a holographic version of Danny's mother as his lab assistant. When Danny attacks his laboratory, the hologram and the AI glitches says it prefers to be with the holographic Jack Fenton than with him. He later fixes that "flaw".
 * In "Phantom Planet" it turns out he's using at least two holographic Maddies on his space station and at one point they fight over who's the favorite.
 * Synergy from Jem.
 * Jem herself doesn't count since it's more of We Will Not Use Stage Make Up in The Future, but Jerrica has had Synergy project holograms of Jem (or holograms of Jerrica if she's in her Jem alter-ego) to prevent her cover from being blown when the need for both of them to be in the same room at the same time arises.