Christianity Is Catholic

""Why do movies about Satan only have Catholics? We never get to see Methodists or Episcopalians put down demons.""

- Roger Ebert on Constantine

Historically, America has been predominantly Protestant. Most of the original thirteen colonies were composed of Protestant groups, but you'd never know this from any of the media we cover.

It's hard to tell why; maybe it's because the costumes of Roman Catholic clerics are so quaint and distinctive, perhaps it's the fascination of the mystery and ritual, perhaps it's that our sex-obsessed society is bewildered by the thought of priests, monks, and nuns taking a vow of celibacy, or that ornate Catholic churches make the best sets, or the usefulness of the sacrament of confession as a narrative device. Or maybe it's just downright absurd to associate Southern Baptists with Ominous Latin Chanting and Gothic aesthetics. Another possibility is that Catholicism is simply a more visible form of Christianity in the bicoastal urban milieu in which most writers work. Not to mention that a considerable number of writers are themselves Catholic (or were raised that way), and may just find it easier to write what they know.

Whatever the reason, a cleric in a movie or TV show is more likely to be a Catholic Father than any other kind, especially if there's any exorcising to be done or if The Antichrist is involved. Orphanages are almost always run by nuns, who may or may not be spooky. People in whose presence you mustn't swear will be troops of Catholic Schoolgirls led by a nun.

It's not always a positive portrayal, mind you. If there's a big Corrupt Church, it'll probably be Catholic, too, with emphasis on "The Inquisition", a Knight Templar Church Militant, and burning heretics (and recently the pedophilia scandals).

In Fantasy settings, the Crystal Dragon Jesus religion will usually have distinctively Catholic aesthetics. Japanese attempts to portray western supernatural beliefs tend to converge on this trope too; see Nuns Are Mikos and Anime Catholicism.

Worldwide, over half of Christianity is Catholic (about 1.2 billion out of 1.5–2.0 billion, end of 2007). Also, most countries with a Christian majority have a Catholic majority. And in the United States where Protestant churches are in the majority, they are so fractured that the Catholic Church is the single largest denomination. Yet because of this Protestant majority, plus the many waves of immigrants from Catholic regions, Catholicism has often been seen as foreign, exotic, and strange...if not always benevolent. As a result of this, Hollywood Catholicism is often very far removed from the actual religion.

In many fiction, despite the portrayal of Christians as Catholics, most Bible quotations will be from the King James Version, a Protestant translation. Everything just sounds way more "biblical" with thee's and thou's (although Catholics have the Douay-Rheims, an English translation which came at about the same time). Still, the King James renderings are much more familiar in a highly "Protestant-by-default" culture. Psalm 23, for example, is usually rendered the "KJV way" ("The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want.") even among English-speaking Catholics.

This trope doesn't seem to apply to Westerns, where any minister (or "preacher") will generally be a black-coated Evangelical Lutheran or Methodist type, when he isn't a Quaker or a Mormon. However, if the film shows the padre of a Mexican village, this trope will be played straight. It may also appear as part of an Establishing Shot for other traditionally Catholic places such as Italy or France. Black churches are almost always depicted as Baptist or Pentecostal (although some of the earliest black Americans in colonial times were Catholic/Voodoo practitioners from the French West Indies), as are white Southern churches (the one exception being New Orleans, home to the largest Catholic diocese in the US). And, of course, the upper-class White Anglo Saxon Protestant, usually residing in the tonier precincts of Hollywood New England and belonging to a sufficiently venerable "mainline" church, is a stock character of long standing.

If the writers want to use a generally Catholic depiction, but get around the pesky celibacy issue, they'll use an Episcopal priest (which, in the immortal words of Robin Williams, is "Catholic Lite"), they could also use an Eastern Catholic priest, a branch of Catholicism which allows married men to become priests (not the other way around tho') but since Eastern Catholics are found mostly in parts of Eastern Europe and the Middle East, not many people know about them. Or for something else vaguely similar but non-Catholic they could use an Orthodox priest, who are often forgotten to exist at all.

Compare Nuns-N-Rosaries. See also Religious Stereotype.

Before you worry about a Double Standard, keep in mind most of Catholicism featured in media is usually made up or poorly researched, and usually resembles Protestantism. For example, Purgatory and Limbo are almost always confused.

Note that this trope is reversed in some countries; outside the US Protestant countries tend to assume Protestantism, Catholic countries tend to assume Catholicism, and so on. The UK default is, naturally, the Church of England - which can variously be depicted as "Catholic" (High Church), "Mainline Protestant" (Broad Church), or "Evangelical Protestant" (Low Church). The Russian default is, obviously, the Orthodox church.

Anime and Manga

 * Kaitou Saint Tail is a Catholic schoolgirl, her base of operations is a Catholic church, her informant is an "apprentice nun", and all the victims that she helps are also Catholic. Given that they're in a predominantly Shinto country, it's odd that no one seems to notice.
 * Her informant is also blatantly breaking the rules of confidentiality regarding the confessional, which is something real clergy could get a lot of trouble for.
 * And nuns have no access to confessional secrets! Only male priests do and they can't even share them amongst themselves.
 * In Sailor Moon, Hino Rei, a Shinto miko, attends an all-girls Catholic school. Named T*A, an Expy of the former high school section of a famous women's college in Tokyo, the Seishin University One of its most famous pupils was none other than Empress Michiko - formerly Michiko Shouda, daughter of a non-noble but well-off family).
 * T*A possibly stands for Thomas Aquainus.
 * Chrono Crusade is another Church Militant series set in the United States, which...sorta fits under this trope. It's complicated.
 * The manga is vague on which denomination the Order is supposed to belong to. In fact, the mangaka admitted in an interview that he did "whatever suited him" when creating the Order, so it doesn't quite fit...well...any of them. It definitely looks the closest to Catholicism, though, and most fanfics treat the Order as such, too (with vows, rosaries, and confessionals), so in general it still fits the trope. Adding to the complication is that the manga is clearly set in an Alternate History. Maybe the Catholic Church evolved differently?
 * In the anime, the Order is aesthetically Catholic, but it's explicitly stated that the Magdalene Order is in fact a joint effort by Catholics, Protestants, and Jews.
 * Rosette is also stated to be a nun in the manga, while in the anime she's just got a nun-ish uniform. It's complicated.
 * In Trinity Blood, Catholicism is pretty much the only religion, period. Although given that it's set 1000 years After the End and Europe (which is largely Catholic in Real Life) was the only bit of the world that wasn't nuked into oblivion, this might be somewhat justified. It is also probably worth noting that the church in Trinity Blood is a political and military organization as much as a religious one.
 * Maria Watches Over Us and Strawberry Panic! are set at Catholic schools.
 * Seikon no Qwaser starts off as an aversion by having latched onto Russian Orthodox imagery but the Vatican shows up as well as part of the background plotting.
 * Thoroughly averted in A Certain Magical Index. The Roman Catholics are the most powerful Christian organization, but there are numerous other powerful ones such as the British Puritans (Index is a Puritan nun), the Russian Orthodox and even smaller groups like the Amakusa Catholics (Japanese Christian sect) who are not recognized by the Roman Catholics. And then they take that, duct tape on some Rule of Cool, magic and crazed zealots, and run with it.
 * Subverted in Haunted Junction. The male character's parents are Protestant Christian, in fact his father is a priest.
 * Sorta maybe avoided in Trigun. Wolfwood gets glossed as a 'priest' but doesn't act very ordained, and in the anime he carries a traveling confessional, but the one church that appears in the anime is much less Catholic than the one in the manga (where Vash hangs out at the start of 'Colorless Emotions'), which featured a very clerical-looking officiant and some bling.
 * Wolfwood's mental monologue about becoming devils in order to have the power to protect those who don't doesn't fit too well into any Christian sect, and it's the closest thing to doctrine he ever really puts out. He is in the future, though. Things change.
 * Averted in Tokyo Mew Mew. Zakuro Fujiwara is a practicing Christian, but she's Protestant.
 * Averted in The Snow Queen, where, faithful to the original, its setting is in the Lutheran Scandinavia. The churches have no images and even the Lutheran rose can be seen in their background.

Comic Books

 * Sin City: Marv was brought up by nuns. Any religious person you meet is Catholic. The Babe who Wore Red was about to become a nun. The Big Bad of the original series is a cardinal. A cover design for this Story Arc shows Marv squaring off against a huge warrior nun representing, one assumes, Mother Church. Sin City is predominantly Catholic, and, from the names, Irish-American.
 * Marshal Law: The Catholic Church is big in San Futuro. The Mission for down-and-out superheroes is Catholic. The original super team called themselves The Jesus League of America and had members with names like Shroud, Stigmata and Monstrance. The church is corrupt here, too.
 * When Chuck Austen wrote Uncanny X-Men, there was a particularly headache-inducing example where it turned out Nightcrawler's religious education was an illusion created by an extremist group to destroy the Catholic Church by installing Nightcrawler as Pope, short circuiting his image inducer and painting him as the Antichrist, and using matter-disintegrating Communion wafers to simulate the Rapture.
 * Which, of course, would only confuse things since Catholics don't believe in the Rapture anyway and while many protestants do take communion, it's not in the same manner and is certainly not conducted by priests.
 * Averted in V for Vendetta, where the Police State Dystopia is backed by the Church of England.
 * The Punisher once tried out for the priesthood. The Son of Satan is an ex-priest. Daredevil, at least post-Miller, is also largely involved in Catholicism, and Cloak and Dagger regularly take shelter in a Catholic church and have a priest as their main ally. Runaways gives us Victor Mancha because his mom was one, and ironically the Minorus raised Nico in the Roman Catholic faith.
 * Inverted, so to speak, by Jack Chick, who regards Catholicism as not only non-Christian, but downright Satanic, and actively plotting to Take Over the World and stamp out the "true" faith.
 * Averted in the X-Men spin-off New Mutants, in which Rahne Sinclair/Wolfsbane was raised a strict Presbyterian. Unfortunately a lot of the readers (and one or two of the later writers) seem to have missed this detail, and fall right back into this trope.
 * Karma/Xi'an "Shan" Coy Manh was Catholic.
 * Justified in that she's Vietnamese. Thanks to French colonialism, any Vietnamese who was Christian would almost certainly be Catholic. Of course, Buddhist or atheist would still be more likely.
 * Evangeline from First Comics was about a futuristic assassin who was also a nun. Whose boss was named Cardinal Sin no less.
 * This could almost be Truth in Television, since a REAL Cardinal Sin died a few years ago.
 * The 2000AD series Canon Fodder stars an extremely militant Catholic priest, who appears to have unrestrained jurisdiction to deliver his particular brand of ass-kicking at will.
 * Averted in the 2000AD series Defoe. The titular character is an Independent, while the majority of other Christian characters are Independent and Anglican, as was typically of Restoration-era England.
 * Parodied in the 2000AD series Pussyfoot 5, in which a futuristic Catholic Church makes use of a team of sexy female commandos for no readily apparent reason.

Fan Works

 * Writers of Kim Possible fanfic, for some reason, generally assume that the Possibles are Roman Catholic, despite the total and utter lack of canon evidence thereof.
 * King in Yellow deals with religion in his work more than any of the other authors. He portrays the Possibles as Methodist, while Ron's family is Jewish (as per the show). Interestingly, Shego is also Jewish in his stories, as her grandmother was one of the "Lost Children," a group of European Jews who immigrated to the United States during the Holocaust. Of course, the author is a professor of Religious History, so this is to be expected.
 * The Teraverse has a lot of devout Catholics in certain stories, though that's not altogether surprising, since one of the superheroines is a flying nun.

Film

 * 2012: A minor example — Sasha makes the sign of the cross in the Catholic way (forehead - chest - left shoulder - right shoulder), instead of the Orthodox way (forehead - chest - right shoulder - left shoulder) — 97% of Russian Christians are Orthodox.
 * This is possibly more of a Did Not Do the Research.
 * So do many of the submariners in one scene of the film adaptation of The Hunt for Red October. An usual Hand Wave is that they are Lithuanian like their commander, Marko Ramius.
 * Somewhat irrelevant though, Russian Orthodox and Greek Orthodox are still considered Catholics and can still attend Roman Catholic masses (and vice versa). They simply implement Byzantine Rites. It may be a case of how much traveling Sasha did in the West or where his parents traveled when he was younger.
 * The Exorcist. Obviously, as it is the only church to offer exorcism as a practice.
 * This is Truth in Television. The Lutheran minister of the parents of the child in the real life case the movie is based on told the parents to get a Catholic priest because Lutherans had no exorcism tradition.
 * Not entirely. Pentecostals and certain Eastern traditions offer their own forms of exorcism. There are also some sects of Baptist who do as well, although it's not common.
 * As do Mormons.
 * Constantine uses an entirely Catholic ruleset, or better said Catholicism as imagined by Hollywood, to determine who goes to Hell and who goes to Heaven. This is notable since the universe the film is based on has all gods existing together.
 * Plus (re: page quote above) Constantine-rhymes-with-wine would most often be looking to Anglican priests should he need one, given he's a Brit.
 * End of Days, of course Stigmata, The Sin Eater...
 * ...in fact, just about every gothic-religious-horror film concerning demons / angels / Satan or the coming of the Apocalypse is saturated with Catholicism; secret orders of frowning priests waiting with trepidation for the Signs of Doom so they can explain the plot to the hero, cross-clutching virginal martyrs, and orders of very traditional Satanists.
 * This genre is probably whatever's left of the 'OMG SATANIC WITCH CULTS' horror film genre. Think Rosemary's Baby or just about anything by Hammer Horror, up to and including their version of Dracula which were popular in the 60s and 70s.
 * Van Helsing features a pan-religious order dedicated to fighting evil, made up of monster-hunting priests, monks, mullahs, swamis... which is housed under the Vatican and apparently run by Catholic cardinals.
 * Hey, anybody else putting up a little holy city run entirely by clerics here? Mecca is kinda straight out....awfully tolerant of the Pope boys, though. There've got to be other headquarters.
 * Averted in the early 90s made-for-TV vampire film, Blood Ties (not to be confused with the 2000s vampire detective TV show), where the villainous Southern Coalition Against Vampires ("S.C.A.V.") are stereotyped Baptists.
 * In the John Carpenter film Prince of Darkness, the Catholic Church was founded to protect the secret calculus formula of Jesus that proved the existence of the Anti-God, until humanity had developed the mathematics to understand it. Wonder how the Reformation fit into those plans. By the way,
 * In his Vampires the vampire hunters are funded by the Catholic Church.
 * Dark Angel: The Ascent is fairly dripping with Catholicism, with various references to "the One True Church" and an emissary from Heaven referring to God as "the First Cause." Interesting in that it subverts 2,000 years of Christian folklore and, arguably, doctrine in portraying the devils as God's damned-but-still-loyal-and-pious servants, rather than ever-rebellious enemies.
 * In Bollywood movies, Christian characters are always Roman Catholics, despite India having significant groups of Syriacs (many are Catholic or Orthodox, though not Roman/Latin Rite) in Kerala. And, while Roman Catholics make up the majority of Christians in the Northeast and Central India, there are also populations of Protestants. The focus on Roman Catholicism is likely because of the films being made and set in Bombay where the most prominent Christian population are Mangalorean Catholics. Catholics also make up the majority of Christians in India. Interestingly, in the movies cheeky and free-spirited youngsters are usually Catholics, because, as a relic of colonization, they are considered more Westernized than other Indians. On the other hand, it is fairly common that Hindu characters pray to God in Christian shrines.
 * Hindus have a different perspective on religion than do people coming from an Abrahamic (Jewish, Christian, or Islamic) background. Hinduism takes the position that there are many paths that all lead to the One Truth, and thus all religions have some merit. To a Hindu, the Christian God may seem to be just another way to experience this truth, and entering a church could be seen as not much different than visiting temples devoted to the various gods. Bollywood movies are also probably inspired from Hollywood examples in this regard.
 * The focus on Catholicism versus Protestant is partly because of the ritual trappings of the denominations, partly because of it's longer history in India, and mostly because most Indian Christians are Catholics. Syrian Christian churches are native churches with a longer history, but they are South Indian and rarely do Bollywood films portray South Indian characters or situations.
 * Attempted subversion in Raising Helen. The title character, upon gaining custody of her deceased sister's children and moving to New York City, enrolls them in a private school which she at first thinks is Catholic, but turns out to be Lutheran and she is confused by the differences between the two. Unfortunately, so were the filmmakers.
 * The Boondock Saints opens with a powerful shot of a Catholic priest in a beautiful church... reciting the Protestant formula of the Lord's Prayer. (The Catholic Mass has a short invocation by the priest in between "deliver us from evil" and the doxology, and the latter section is omitted entirely when the Our Father is recited outside of Mass. Also, the Lord's Prayer comes after the Eucharistic Prayer, not before the homily.)
 * Actually some priests will say a short prayer before the homily. Often it's the Hail Mary, but I knew one priest who said the Our Father (he said the Catholic version though).
 * In the recent movie Henry Poole Is Here the main character, Luke Wilson's, home has a supposed miraculous appearing of the Face of Christ on a wall. The claim is investigated by a priest  along with most of the film using Catholic imagery. Justified by the fact that the movie is set in a suburb of LA and the majority of the surrounding neighbors are Hispanic Catholics.
 * Dogma features two fallen angels attempting to destroy the world by disrupting a Catholic church's anniversary celebration, and George Carlin's character is the Catholic priest more concerned with the event going off without a hitch than the warnings about the angels.
 * Oddly enough, the movie postulates that Catholic dogma can undo all of creation but no mention is made of conflicting dogmatic principles found in hundreds of other denominations, some of which, predate Catholicism.
 * Brideshead Revisited (2008 version) is a strange subversion of this trope. The director stated in several interviews that he had a problem with all organized religion, but further remarks indicated that what he meant by that was actually the more evangelical strains of Christianity. In the film, the main family portrayed is very Catholic—as Evelyn Waugh, author of the novel the movie was loosely based upon, made them—but actions and beliefs as portrayed in the movie (not the novel) are not Catholic—they're evangelical Christian. Given the themes of the book, it's safe to say that this is a good example of Completely Missing the Point.
 * Averted in Soul Surfer. Christianity is clearly Evangelical and in fact some of the hymns are the same as this troper remembers.
 * Stigmata is about a priest investigating a woman who has manifested the title wounds and speaks in tongues.
 * Made very funny, as (former altar boy) Roger Ebert points out, because the filmmakers think that the woman's having been entered by the Holy Ghost is the same thing as demonic possession.
 * Especially since that means that every Catholic who has received the sacrament of Confirmation has been demonically possessed, since according to Catholic belief, the Holy Spirit enters the body during Confirmation.
 * Subverted in The Blues Brothers. While the orphanage where Jake and Elwood grew up is clearly Catholic (and run by Creepy Nuns, no less), the only religious service the brothers attend is at the VERY evangelical Triple Rock Baptist Church. Then again, if James Brown was a pastor...
 * For Your Eyes Only features James Bond and his associates disguised as Catholic monks (complete with brown cloaks, hoods and sandals) trying to fit in ... at Meteora, a region in Greece with six Christian Orthodox monasteries built on rock pillars. Orthodox monks wear black robes, trousers and normal shoes, have no hoods and sport glorious beards and long hair. Hardly an inconspicuous disguise. Exchange monks perhaps?...Q "does it better", although meeting with 007 in a confession booth is a very "Catholic" touch...
 * "Forgive me Father for I have sinned." "That's putting it mildly, 007!"
 * Implied in the first Ghost Rider film. When Blackheart enters a church and talks to a priest, he is Italian, presumably because he's Catholic.
 * Averted in The Deer Hunter: The characters are Catholic, but they're Eastern Catholic (Ruthenian to be precise). Some reviews of the film have misidentified them as Eastern Orthodox.
 * Averted in Black Narcissus, which features an Anglican sisterhood. They're Anglo-Catholic instead of Roman Catholic.
 * Home Movies made an attempt to avert by having the main character be a Methodist priest, complete with a priest collar. He was married and had children which is in keeping with protestant ministers, however.
 * In Desperado, El Mariarchi goes to confession, and in the other scene, he makes a sign of the cross. Protestants do not practice any of these.
 * Walt Disney films love this trope. Read the article first
 * The Hunchback of Notre Dame is likely the best example, though, it is justified, because the whole movie takes place in Notre Dame, and everyone knows that it is a Catholic church.
 * Three characters in Robin Hood are religious figures: Friar Tuck, a Church Mouse, and the mouse’s wife, "Little Sister." They are shown taking care of a Catholic church; Friar Tuck rings the bells and the Church Mouse plays the organ.
 * The last segment of Fantasia is called Ave Maria. This hymn is also played.
 * Sleeping Beauty's background is inspired from Medieval Catholic art.
 * In Pinocchio, the fairy who brings the puppet to life is often interpreted as Mother Mary figure.
 * The live-action film The Littlest Outlaw features a sympathetic priest, and several sequences take place around the Catholic Church.
 * Averted in Frailty. While the family's religion is never discussed in the final cut of the film, a deleted scene reveals them to be Baptist. Bill Paxton stated that he cut the scene in order to make them "generically Christian."

Literature

 * Stephen King:
 * One of the subplots in King's Needful Things involves a conflict between Catholics and Baptists in Castle Rock, Maine that escalates into a murderous riot.
 * However, other religious characters in his work (Margaret White from Carrie, Mother Abagail from The Stand, Vera Smith from The Dead Zone, David Carver from Desperation, Paul Edgecombe from The Green Mile) are Protestant.
 * Averted in the Belisarius Series. Romans are Eastern Orthodox and Axumites are Coptics. Obviously. However this is before the schism between Constantinople and Rome reached its climax. There are also Monophysites which is an esoteric interpretation of Trinitarian speculation of interest only to those who are insiders in the Church already or philosophy geeks who just like that sort of thing. What is more important plotwise is the political tensions that arise from theological differences as the author has little interest in theology for its own sake and sometimes seems to regard it with distaste.
 * Averted in the Honor Harrington series. The Grayson state church is very much Protestant.
 * They go far enough from mainstream theology over a thousand years they are a kind of Space Mormons.
 * While the Queen of Manticore is 2nd Reformation Catholic, Honor herself is Protestant of a variety that maybe inspired from the Author's own. However, many other faiths are shown to exist, including Jewish members. Interfaith issues are given quite a bit of time in At All Costs. Especially.
 * The Mote in God's Eye, by Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle, features a future Empire of Man that possesses an official State Church. The Church is obviously a descendant of the Catholic Church, to the point that its Headquarters is called 'New Rome'. When a first contact expedition to an extraterrestrial civilization is mounted, the government sees fit to send along a priest as the Church's representative to the locals.
 * The Da Vinci Code (and anything else by Dan Brown): In Brown's conspiracy theories, "The Church", meaning the Roman Catholic Church, is able to suppress knowledge everywhere in the world. Brown and his characters refer specifically and constantly to "The Church" as a world-wide power, which of course they are, though not to the extent of this representation. Since the story partially takes place at a time when the Church was the only allowed religion, and then in the country of Italy, often within the walls of the Vatican, it's understandable why this would be. As far as Dan Brown's accounts of the Catholic Church in history, and Her relationship with various famous figures and events, well, let's just leave it by saying that there is a reason Dan Brown had a trope named after him. Dan Brown Fails History Forever, then goes back around and fails at science, too. And that's just what he does once per chapter.
 * Finally averted in The Lost Symbol where the only clergyman playing any significant role is an Episcopalian.
 * Partial exception: H.P. Lovecraft's novella The Haunter of the Dark involves a Cosmic Horror-worshipping Cult that was routed by an alliance between Father O'Malley and the Reverend Doctor Drowne, a Baptist. The Catholics, however, are much better represented, including a crowd of Italians who show up at the story's climax to try to contain the trapped demon. It's almost strange that this would happen—Lovecraft is famous for being terribly bigoted, and he lived in the 1920s and earlier: a period known for its resentment of immigrants (being southern and eastern Europeans, they would generally be Catholic).
 * This is probably due to the church in which the monster was sealed in being based on a real church in Providence (though it doesn't exist anymore). The church was, as the story depicts, located in the area of the city that was home to a large immigrant population, most of them from southern Europe.
 * Furthermore, the Italians were present because they were depicted as uniformly superstitious lot, who in this case happened to be right in their fears.
 * His Dark Materials by Philip Pullman: Lyra's Earth had an alternate history where Catholicism and Protestantism reached an accommodation and reunited. In addition to Pope Calvin, the Vatican was moved from Rome to Geneva. This allows Pullman to demonize the worst elements of both Catholicism and Calvinism in one go. The trope applies, however, not because only Catholicism exists in Lyra's world but because "Christianity" is only represented by Catholicism with no attempt to differentiate.
 * Lampshaded in Mercedes Lackey's Jinx High, in which a character pursued by demons considers sheltering in a nearby church, because in movies demons can't set foot on holy ground. She decides against it because the movies always show Catholic churches and this one is Methodist.
 * Subverted in Catch-22, when Chaplain Tappman (or Shipman, depending on the version), constantly reminds people that they don't need to call him "Father," as he's an Anabaptist. A secondary Running Gag is that it confuses people into thinking that he's just declaring he isn't a Baptist.
 * Egregious example in Tom Clancy 's Op-Center: Mission of Honour: A Hollywood Voodoo sorcerer and his army of Pagan revivalists attempt to eliminate Christianity from their country by kidnapping a Catholic missionary and blackmailing the Vatican. Good luck considering their country is Botswana, a former British colony where over 60% of the population is Protestant of some kind and Catholics amount to 5% at best.
 * Walter Miller Jr's. A Canticle for Leibowitz chronicles the history of the Albertian Order of Leibowitz, a group of Catholic monks who dedicate themselves to preserving human knowledge after a devastating nuclear war. (Partially, and cleverly, subverted by the fact that the namesake saint of this order was Jewish.)
 * In John Barnes' Sin of Origin, one of the three main human nations in the 22nd century is the Christian Commonwealth. It's trappings and organization is explicitly Catholic, there's even an order of Knights Templar, although they aren't particularly Knight Templarish, as it's military arm. What happened to the Protestant and Orthodox branches of Christianity is never even mentioned.
 * Averted in much of Robert Heinlein's work, where the threat of a fundamentalist Protestant takeover was a recurring thread.
 * But played straight in a side comment in "Stranger in a Strange Land"—transubstantiation is not a universal Christian belief.
 * In Bram Stoker's novel Dracula, Prof. Van Helsing, the one guy who knows how to deal with vampires, is a devout Catholic. Jonathan Harker, however, is at least nominal Anglican.
 * Averted in Diana Gabaldon's Outlander series. While there are several prominent Catholic characters, including the two main ones, there are others who are Anglicans, Presbyterians and Quakers. In fact the relations and tensions between the groups are a significant subtheme in the series.
 * Averted in John Ringo's Special Circumstances series. The protagonist is Episcopalian, and several other flavors of Christianity are mentioned at various points in the story.
 * Out of the Christians mentioned in The Dresden Files, only one of them is not a Catholic - Shiro became a Baptist accidentally, confusing "meet the King (God)" with "meet the King (Elvis Presley)" when he was a kid.
 * Fyodor Dostoevsky's fiction prominently features Russian Orthodox Christians, and portrays Catholicism as something foreign and frightening. Dostoevsky was himself Orthodox, and hated Catholicism (particularly the Jesuit order). The Idiot even includes a scene where Prince Myshkin launches into a Character Filibuster denouncing Catholicism as anti-Christian, and worse than atheism.
 * Memory, Sorrow, and Thorn: Aeodonism is more or less, the copy of the Roman Catholic Church in Medieval Times.
 * C. S. Lewis recounted that allegories of Christianity, regardless of denomination, tend to be viewed as Catholic. This was, he thought, because Catholicism gives central concepts embodied form, while the Protestants interpreted them more etherally. All, for instance, would agree that Christians were to be set apart from the world, which could allegorically be presented by a wall but is also expressed in the enclosures of monks and nuns.
 * A Knight of Ghosts and Shadows has what seems to be an evolution of Eastern Orthodoxy, which is fitting as it centers on a planet that is Serbian in culture (its politics are more British with a limited aristocracy headed by a semi-democratic monarch).

Live-Action TV
"Father Gregory: I was her confessor. Divulging her name would violate the code of my faith [screen cuts to Scully's simple cross necklace] ...and yours, I see."
 * In NCIS Abby Sciutto is Catholic and her involvement with a local convent is frequently mentioned and occasionally a minor plot device.
 * Kate is Catholic too, indeed even more explicitly than Abby
 * In Father Ted, all the characters are Catholic, but then again rural Irish Christians are almost all Catholic in reality. However, an odd moment is when the priests watch the original The Poseidon Adventure, on the grounds that Gene Hackman plays a priest. One even laments "He didn't even say Mass!" However, he's not a priest, he's a Protestant reverend, and thus unlikely to say Mass.
 * In the Mork and Mindy episode where Mork encounters Earthling (American) religion for the first time, it's Catholic and he dresses as a priest.
 * The A-Team: In the Deep South, Face disguises himself by wearing a clerical collar. He shortly gets into a conversation with a Daisy Duke-type bare-navel, cut-off-shorts bimbo who immediately identifies him as a priest and wants to talk about the problems of celibacy.
 * There's also the episode in Season 5 where Murdock approaches the priest with "Forgive me Father for I'm about to sin" before disguising himself as the priest to get into the prison to help the rest of the team.
 * Not forgetting the fact that Face was raised in a Catholic Orphanage and there's the episode where he and Murdock disguise themselves as Nuns to help a similar Orphanage.
 * Father Murphy: The main character of the show imitates a Catholic Priest running an orphanage. This would go against the trope of protestant clergy in Westerns.
 * In all Law & Order series, the ratio of Catholics, lapsed or practicing, to other identified-as-religious people is rather high. This might be because they're all in New York, or the fact that most of the male protagonists are of Irish or Italian stock. Even Briscoe was raised Catholic, despite having a Jewish father.
 * The cast for the first three years had five Catholics (Greevy, Logan, Cragen, Stone, and Robinette). Schiff, like his real world counterpart Morganthau, was Jewish. Then in Law and Order Special Victims Unit, Elliot Stabler's Catholic faith plays a big part in his life.
 * On the other hand, the various Law and Order series have a higher percentage of church-related plotlines that involve Protestant denominations that most series. Notably, when the Catholic Church is involved, the episode includes either an a subplot involving Elliott or an investigation that at some point includes an accusation of pedophilia, whereas Protestant-focused episodes are pretty diverse in theme.
 * The CSI Verse as a whole is overwhelmingly Catholic.
 * An exception is Stella of CSI: NY, who is apparently Orthodox—she makes the Sign of the Cross top, down, right, left (Catholic is top, down, left, right).
 * However, this was depicted as happening in a Catholic church.
 * The 2004 Battlestar Galactica reboot goes further, even the pagans are kinda Catholic, at least with Brother Cavil. He is a priest, he hears confessions in "The Plan" etc.
 * Likewise, Booth, the token Christian on Bones, is Catholic, and holds a deep-seated dread of nuns. Somewhat justified in that the actor, David Boreanaz, actually is Catholic, and was raised Catholic and went to Catholic schools. Also justified in Nuns Are Spooky.
 * Booth is also an Irish name.
 * Dr. Daniel Goodman, Brennan's boss in season one (played by Jonathan Adams) was not only Baptist, but a Deacon in his church.
 * In the same episode, Hodgins said that while he believes religion is a vast conspiracy, he still believes in an at least nominally Judeo-Christian-ish deity.
 * And Zack said that his family is Lutheran, but that he wasn't really practicing.
 * Homicide: Life on the Street accurately represents Baltimore's high Catholic population: Lt Giardello, Det Crosetti, Det Pembleton, Det Felton, Det Gharty, and Bessie-Lou all are Catholics. However, Det Lewis is a Baptist and Det Bayliss later converts to Zen Buddhism. Det Munch is Jewish, but says the only thing on which he and Judaism agree is not working on Saturdays.
 * On the HBO prison drama Oz Father Ray Mukada, a prison chaplain, is a Catholic priest, and Sister Peter Marie, the prison psychologist, is a nun. The series features a significant number of other Catholics, as many characters are Irish, Italian or Latino. Even so, the series does feature characters of other religions, including several prominent Muslims, a rarity in American media. This trope was also subverted somewhat in Season Four with the introduction of the character Jeremiah Cloutier, an Evangelical Protestant minister.
 * Nurse LaVerne is the only character on Scrubs depicted as overtly religious. While she generally acts in a manner stereotypical of black Protestants, she clutches a rosary on her deathbed.
 * Elaine on Seinfeld learns that boyfriend Puddy is religious, and believes that she's going to Hell. While the religious stations preset on his car radio sound born-again Protestant, the couple wind up being counseled by his priest.
 * On the other hand, in the series Blood Ties the fact that the vampire is a good Catholic comes from his being greatly benefited by Catholicism. It was his dad, Henry VIII, who first split the Church, looking for a divorce and wanting to free England from Rome,and Henry Jr., our vampire, wanted to be king, obviously, thus he favored the Catholic Church. Never mind that most of England was Protestant by then, and the Catholic Queen Mary, the daughter of Henry VIII, was nicknamed Bloody Mary because of her desire to set England back to being Catholic. She tried to do this by killing off Protestants.
 * There were still plenty of Catholics around, even if Elisabeth did her best to kill them off. They shipped in "properly" ordained priests from the continent and hid them from the authorities. It's not that easy to change an entire country's religious beliefs.
 * Elizabeth did NOT try to kill off Catholics, she just wanted them to pay lip service to her Church. Parliament however was less tolerant and kept passing anti-Catholic measures. It's not easy to change an entire country's religious beliefs but by Elizabeth's time the balance had shifted from majority Catholic to majority Protestant.
 * Lovingly thwarted in Carnivale (Brother Justin).
 * All Christian characters on Lost whose denominations have been specified are Roman Catholic. This includes Mr. Eko, a priest Charlie, who is English and would more likely be Anglican; and Kate, who uses saints' names as aliases while on the run, and always calls her Inspector Javert "pursuer on high holy days". Also Desmond, a former novice and Celtic supporter. Claire and Aaron, by on-show baptism. The memorial for Christian Shepherd is in a church with Catholic-appearing statuary. Hugo "Hurley" Reyes seems to be rather lukewarm in his Catholicism in stark contrast to his devout mother.
 * Eko certainly has a Catholic upbringing (remember who his brother is). But he seems to either genuinely not know what he is talking about, or is speaking for a writer who didn't check, with the demand to "make us priests" by signing an alleged "ordination document". In the Catholic church a priest can not make a priest, by signing papers or any other method; only a bishop can..
 * Stephen Colbert of The Colbert Report is aware that Protestants exist, but would probably prefer it if they didn't, and certainly doesn't count them as Christian. He has stated that all religions are equal in his eyes: they come second to Roman Catholicism. Colbert even teaches Sunday School in real life.
 * Reaper tries to make its theological underpinnings as ambiguous as possible, but whenever we get exposition (especially from Ben) the result is clearly Catholic.
 * Averted big time in 7th Heaven which is all about a Protestant minister and his family. Although the exact denomination is never mentioned hints were dropped a couple of times during the series long run that it was either nondenominational or Disciples of Christ.
 * It's early days as yet on Stargate Universe but so far the only character with a religious bent is Catholic.
 * While not religious himself, Riley mentioned that his mother was Anglican. Most of those who expressed their believe was vague Christian or found their own Crystal Dragon Jesus
 * Averted and played straight in Defying Gravity, set in the mid 21st Century where the mission cammander is a (lapsed) Buddhist and another character is Hindu. However the only character who is a professed Christian is, you guessed it, Catholic, even though in an episode only aired in Canada she professes belief in the Rapture, which is probably a case of You Fail Religious Studies Forever although admittedly doctrine might have changed in fortyplus years.
 * Averted in Sons of Anarchy which has had scenes in a Catholic church but also the hospital's non-denominational chapel and at a Protestant revival meeting. Also Gemma's father is a minister.
 * Averted in The Office: A handful of characters at Dunder Mifflin identify as Christian, but only Stanley is Catholic; Pam and Darryl are Presbyterian, Phyllis is Lutheran and Angela is some sort of conservative evangelical.
 * Everyone on The Sopranos is Catholic. Justified, in that they're all members of the same big Italian family.
 * When Earl is incarcerated on My Name Is Earl, the prison holds a Mass every Wednesday. As part of a scheme, Darnell and Joy impersonate a priest and a nun and wear Catholic vestments. The "Mass" they celebrate bares more resemblance to charismatic protestant worship and nobody gathered found it unusual.
 * Comprehensively averted in Big Love, in which most major characters are offshoot Mormons.
 * Leverage's Nate Ford is Catholic (to an extent), at one point considered going into the seminary and one of his closest friends is a Catholic priest. Of course, in this case it's justified since Nate is Irish-American, which means Catholic 9 times out of 10.
 * While the resident chaplain at the 4077th Mash is Catholic priest Father Mulcahy, Colonel Potter and Margaret Houlihan are Methodists and Charles Winchester is Presbyterian.
 * There's a surprisingly high number of Catholics on The West Wing—despite the fact that they're a relative minority in government—including two consecutive Presidents (in real life, there has only been one Catholic President). Since guilt and redemption are major themes of the series, and President Bartlet himself almost became a priest, it seems Catholicism made for more interesting stories. There's also a high number of open atheists (including the Republican nominee for President), so it may have to do with the show's commitment to greater diversity.
 * Catholics might be a relative rarity in the Presidency, but they are not relatively rare in government as a whole. Catholics make up the biggest single religious group in Congress, for example, and have significant representation in the FBI.
 * Averted big time on Friday Night Lights, which has featured several different Protestant churches, but no Catholic churches.
 * Falling Skies: Lourdes. The one truly religious person in the ensemble, and guess what religion she is.
 * Strongly averted on Community, where all of the main characters have clearly-identified non-Catholic beliefs: Annie is Jewish, Britta's hostile to the very IDEA of religion, Shirley is a rather in-your-face Baptist, Abed is Muslim (since movies don't count as a religion), Troy is a Jehovah's witness, Pierce is a "Reformed Neo-Buddhist", and Jeff professes agnosticism but essentially worships himself.
 * In Season Two of The Walking Dead, the survivors stumble upon a "Southern Baptist" church with a massive crucifix. Protestants in general tend to shy away from crucifixes, but Baptists in particular shun iconology of almost any kind.
 * The preacher in Hell on Wheels is a Protestant while the two Irishmen who run the "theater" are Catholic.
 * In ''American Horror Story the Anti Christ subplot is approached from a distinctly Catholic viewpoint including a cameo by the Pope.
 * The X Files tends to work like this around Scully's faith. In the episode All Souls the following exchange appears:


 * Justified in Blue Bloods, where the Reagan family are Catholics of Irish descent. Other denominations are present, too; the black reverend who's apparently a longtime thorn in Frank Reagan's side is an indeterminate Protestant denomination.

Music

 * E Nomine tends to focus on Catholic Christianity, generally because it's ominous and it goes well with the industrial-gothic tone of their songs. Groups after them have tried the same exact route.
 * Metal in general, because everything sounds more evil in Latin.
 * Then there's Demon Hunter, a Catholic metalcore band.
 * Averted with country music and most forms of blues music, which of course have their roots in the historically Protestant South.
 * This explains why the Contemporary Christian Music industry, historically based out of Nashville, tends to be dominated by Protestants. Some artists who identify as Catholic have attained popularity in CCM, though their lyrics tend to avoid doctrinal specifics. Contemporary Catholic Music does exist as its own subgenre, but bring up the name of a prominent Catholic artist to a frequent listener of Christian radio and you'll probably get a blank stare.

Professional Wrestling

 * The two times that a church has appeared on WWE programming (when Steve Austin and Booker T had a brawl in one, and when Vince and Shane McMahon used one as a backdrop to mock Shawn Michaels' faith), it was a Catholic church, complete with confession booth, font of holy water, etc. Note that the real-life Michaels, and thus presumably the character Michaels, is a Born-Again Evangelical, not a Catholic (although he was baptized Catholic as a baby). As well, the short-lived Reverend D'Von character, while talking like a Southern Baptist, dressed like a Catholic priest, and his entrance video had a very gothic stained-glass motif.
 * This might be because the McMahons are of Irish descent.
 * Mike Shaw's Friar Ferguson, "The Mad Monk", lasted only a handful of matches before the Catholic church and the New York media raised enough pressure to have him removed.
 * Averted in the WWF/WWE's one successful religious gimmicked character, Brother Love, who was a pastiche of Baptist Televangelist cliches.
 * Oddly inverted in Rey Mysterio, Jr., who, while being notably Roman Catholic and heard to recite prayers in proper form, uses a modified, two-handed sign of the cross in the ring (both hands to forehead, chest, then one hand to either shoulder) while using the regular version in backstage skits.

Radio

 * Garrison Keillor's "News from Lake Wobegon" anecdotes from A Prairie Home Companion often allude to the relationship between the town's Lutherans and Catholics. Keillor has joked that "Even the Catholics up here are Lutheran."

Tabletop Games

 * White Wolf's Vampire: The Requiem inverts this trope: The Vampire Christian(ity based) Lancea Sanctum are supposedly mostly 'Catholic', but aside from using Catholic titles and rites, their teachings are completely Gnostic/Protestant.
 * Hell, that's practically its own trope, in some quarters: Every Religion Is Actually Gnosticism.
 * Hunter: The Vigil also takes a stab at it, with three different Christianity-based compacts/conspiracies: the Malleus Malificarum, who are Catholic; the Order of St. George, who are Anglican; and the Long Night, who are fundamentalist Protestants. The Malleus Malificarum and the Order of St. George aren't on the best of terms, and while the Long Night will work with the Malleus when the chips are down, most of them view the Malleus as agents of "the Great Whore of Babylon," the Roman Catholic Church.
 * In In Nomine, the two Archangels who promote Christianity (Dominic and Laurence) have a preference for Catholicism over other creeds.
 * And when Gabriel appears to Mohammad, creating Islam, she cops so much strife for it that she barely visits Heaven anymore.

Video Games

 * The MMORPG Ragnarok Online has a priest healer class with Catholic-themed skill names (in Latin, no less!) such as "Signum Crucis" (Sign of the Cross), "Impositio Manus" (Laying-on of hands), "Angelus" (a Catholic prayer) and "Magnus Exorcismus" (Great Exorcism). However the Catholicity ends with the questionably dressed female priest characters.
 * Although female Acolytes, the class preceding Priest, are one of the most conservatively dressed classes in any MMORPG ever. There may be some symbolism going on here, like the progression into womanhood (ala Nuns Are Mikos and the Miko's association with purity/virginity)
 * And the male Priest's attire is a bit questionable and all, you know, at least for the profession.
 * To make things even stranger, the game itself is supposed to be based on Norse mythology, with some NPCs even making references to the Norse gods in a way that suggests they exist in-universe.
 * Could be that the religion in the world is a syncretized one?
 * The Church of St. Ajora in Final Fantasy Tactics, whose central figure (Saint Ajora) is a very thinly-veiled analogy of Jesus Christ, has very notable Catholic traits. The clergy's hierarchy, the Templar Knights, the architecture, and several aspects of the doctrine and ritual are based on early Catholicism.
 * These obviously deliberate similarities make it even harder to believe that they weren't trying to take Refuge in Audacity by having St. Ajora be both demonic and the Big Bad.
 * Averted in Half-Life 2. Father Gregori, the only real Christian presence in the game, appears to be a Greek Orthodox priest.
 * Not that this is in any way represented in-game, but the backstory of Sword of the Stars uses this trope. Justified by, apparently, having all other major religions and christian denomination being either wiped out or heavily marginalized during interspecies fighting prior to first contact. Catholicism is described as having eight billion adherents, and is being exported to the Tarka who find the idea of a self-sacrificing peaceful god to be interesting.

Web Original

 * It is very common in Youtube videos and photo websites purporting to show photographic evidence of Vatican involvement in the Third Reich to include photos of Protestant Reich Churches, and Protestant clergy and worshipers, (often of the Deutsche Christen, DC, variety). Probably the most infamous person whose website features this would be Tony Alamo (though his infamy is for unrelated reasons). That page is pretty humorous if you are aware that the most common subject of the photographs, Ludwig Muller was the most powerful Protestant in Nazi Germany. For a political analogy, it would be like if a German made a website denouncing the US Democratic Party, but then put a bunch of pictures of Bush on it (and compensated for this by inserting the word Democrat before President Bush every time in the caption to fool unknowledgable viewers). Also, with Muller on the top left (and in the right photo as well), and Protestant Bishop Friedrich Coch on the top right, it means the top features on the "Nazi Catholic Vaticanites" website are, in reality, solely prominent Protestants.
 * In the Chaos Timeline, there is no big Catholic-Protestant split (except for some minor, uninfluential movements). Instead, power gradually shifted to the governments of the Catholic nations - a bit like our Anglicanism, or Gallican church, while the rituals and most of the doctrine were kept unchanged. (In this world's Nippon, the tenno frex is head of the Nipponese Catholic church!) The Pope was gradually reduced to a mere figurehead - although this changed unexpectedly again when he had to go to Australia after the revolution in Britain.

Western Animation
"Marge: Shouldn't we give him the Last Rites? Rev. Lovejoy: That's Catholic, Marge. You may as well ask me to do some kind of voodoo dance!"
 * Reverend Lovejoy in The Simpsons is Protestant, true, but he's fairly "High Church": fancy robes, stained glass and all that. Looks almost Catholic. It has been suggested he is Episcopalian. However, an episode dealing with Creationism showed him having contempt for Episcopalians, and an episode in which Bart and Homer converted to Catholicism revealed that his denomination is in fact the Western branch of the New Reformed American Presbylutherans (a denomination that broke with the Catholic Church over the right to attend to church with wet hair — which they have since abolished).
 * The creators even stated that Lovejoy was supposed to be a generic Christian religion and thus was deliberately designed to present several clashing elements, making any kind of identification impossible. Most notable is his wardrobe. He wears a Catholic collar, but Episcopalian robes. The church's leader is the Parson, who is "the earthly embodiment of the elected chair of the national congress of deacons."
 * In "Like Father, Like Clown", Lovejoy co-hosts an ecumenical radio talk show with a Catholic priest and Jewish rabbi (who's Krusty the Clown's father).
 * In an episode where it was feared Grandpa Simpson might die:


 * When Bart and Homer convert to Catholicism in "The Father, the Son, and the Holy Guest Star", Marge is given a glimpse of Catholic Heaven (with Mariachi, Pinatas, spaghetti dinners, Irish pubs, Riverdance, and fistfighting) and Protestant Heaven (with badminton and croquet, and everyone talking in vaguely British Accents). At one point it's revealed that Jesus himself has been hanging out in Catholic Heaven a lot, leading one of the Protestants to cluck, "He's gone native" - which would suggest that Jesus is a Protestant, despite living 1,500 years before Protestantism existed.
 * What makes this really absurd it that Jesus was neither Catholic or Protestant: he was Jewish.
 * In Family Guy, Peter's father Francis is Catholic. Many cutaway gags involve the Pope.
 * In fact, "The Father, the Son and the Holy Fonz" suggested that the entire family is Catholic, sans Lois, who is Protestant, and Brian, who is an atheist (apparently, although this was mentioned in a later episode). In fact, Lois being Protestant was the main (and probably only) reason of why Francis hated her so much. Curiously, Lois sometimes is seen trying to convince the rest of the Griffins to go to (a Catholic) church. Wouldn't he be happy she converted?
 * Though it's justified, as Rhode Island has the highest proportion of Catholics in the nation.
 * Francis aside, the family's status as belonging to any religion at all is subject to the whims of the joke. Usually it never comes up, occasionally Peter mocks Christians, and on at least one occasion he rejects the traditional "Everybody Poops" for potty training Stewie in favor of "You're a Naughty Child and That's Concentrated Evil Coming Out the Back of You" on the basis that they're Catholic.
 * South Park is an egregious example. Every inhabitants of South Park who is not Jewish is Catholic, there are no explicitly Protestant characters (in Real Life Colorado, the State South Park is located in, 44% of the population is Protestant, only 19% is Catholic). But most annoying of all, the show sometimes mock beliefs and ideas that are presented as "Catholic" even though they are, in fact, hold by some Protestants but not by the Catholic Church. For instance, they repeatedly assume that the Catholic Church is "against the theory of evolution" which is not the case (see Pius XII' "Humani Generis" (1950) and other declarations by his successors).
 * Other gaffes include all the men in town dressing up in Ku Klux Klan robes to scare away black families moving into the area (although one of those men was a practicing Jew anyway, so that gag could have just been for Rule of Funny) and a visiting character from New England referring to the townspeople as "hick jock redneck stereotypes," which would ordinarily denote Protestants.
 * Averted in Moral Orel, set in the decidedly Evangelical Protestant town of Moralton.
 * Averted in King of the Hill, The Hill family belongs to a Methodist church.
 * Justified, as Catholicism was historically rare in Texas among families who were not of Hispanic, Irish, or Polish descent.

Real Life

 * There was a certain stretch of time were all Christian Churches regarded themselves as all being part of a single "Catholic" (which means "Universal" in Greek) church right up until the Great Schism of 1054 between Rome and Constantinople, although the cracks had been showing for many years before. Whether or not that early church is the Roman one or one of the Orthodox churches is a point of friction between these denominations.
 * Though the formal split occurred at around 1054, cracks were already showing between East and West around about 700 AD. And while the Schism of 1054 was the first major split, there were many small groups who splintered off the bigger church centuries before. Examples of such groups that continue to exist are the Assyrian Church of the East and the Coptic and other Oriental Orthodox churches.
 * The importance of the 1054 split has been heavily exaggerated by polemical historians; the actual events in question read like absurdist farce, and the two halves nearly reunited on several occasions after that, only to splinter apart again at the last second.
 * All of those communions have, over the past few decades, made "common Christological declarations," meaning that all of the main theological issues between them have been, well, retconned. The key difficulty around reunification is partially political (Eastern Orthodox churches are independent of one another, the Copts could face reprisals from the Egyptian government and the Assyrians are going extinct because of the Iraq War—of the two main divisions not already in Communion with Rome, the patriarch of one is in exile in Damascus and the other is in Chicago), partially because the Russians hate the Romans and partially because the issues of Papal primacy and infallibility are not going to be compromised upon anytime soon.
 * The troubles between Russian (and, for that part, most other Orthodox Churches) are indeed mainly political. Russians hate Romans because they (with some justification) feel that Rome is encroaching on their ecclesiastical turf, and given their current comfortable relations with The Government, they don't exactly want competition. And then there's a whole papacy notion—in all Orthodox Churches all bishops are theologically equal, and no one can stand above in the matter of faith, so the whole notion of papacy and papal infallibility is a heresy to the Orthodox. When an Orthodox bishop has to address a Pope, he would call him "our Brother the Archbishop of Rome" because of that.
 * Well, he could be the Patriarch of Rome, if the current Pope hadn't recently renounced his title of "Patriarch of the West".
 * You're also forgetting the Oriental Orthodox Church, which split from the mainstream in AD 451.
 * Before the Orthodox-Catholic split there were various branches which one might call "denominations". However, in those early days a common way to handle schisms was to declare such splinter groups heretical in their teachings. One thing which raised plenty of different interpretations (i.e. heresies) was how exactly the Holy Trinity worked.
 * Often inverted in day-to-day situations, if only because of the United States' and other countries' strong Protestant traditions. Proclaiming Catholicism is also Christianity (especially with children, and/or Protestant fundamentalists of various types) is asking for the knee-jerk rebuttal of "no it's not!" The assumption that "Christianity" only refers to Protestantism has led to some...strange situations to say the least. For example, once upon a time, two of the original five officially recognized religions in Indonesia were "Kristen" and "Katolik".
 * The California Department of Corrections only recognizes five religions as valid for paid chaplains, although unpaid volunteers of other faiths are permitted to administer to their flocks, a policy currently being challenged in court. The religions? Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, Muslim and "Native American". Guess the Orthodox (among many others) are screwed.
 * Does this mean that Wicca, being heavily influenced by such religions as many Native Americans followed, would be covered? Makes one wonder.
 * No. Wicca has nothing to do with any Native American path.
 * Despite the split, Orthodox and Catholics are generally allowed to attend each other's Divine Liturgies (Masses) in special circumstances, since they consider each other's Sacraments/Sacred Mysteries to be valid. The two circumstances most often listed are, in fact, in prison and on a battlefield.
 * Attend each other's Masses, yes, but not necessarily receive communion. An Orthodox church is not supposed to offer communion to a non-Orthodox Christian nor is an Orthodox believer supposed to receive it from a non-Orthodox minister. (Curiously, traditional Catholicism *does* allow the offering of communion to the Orthodox, though not to Protestants.)
 * Not curious at all. It's a doctrinal distinction. Catholics and Orthodox both believe in transsubstantiation and the Real Presence, Protestants don't.
 * The United States Supreme Court has, for the first time in its history, no Protestant judges. In fact, it has six Catholics and three Jews (for context, the Court is now over 33 percent Jewish, while the nation they represent is less than 3 percent Jewish!). Oddly enough, the nation has had only one Catholic President out of 43. Kennedy's religion was a matter of controversy at the time, as Americans have been traditionally wary of Catholicism's recognition of a European figure as a seat of authority (the Pope).
 * Christianity Is Catholic can be justified in works involving demons, as Catholics are one of very few Christian sects that still trains exorcists.
 * Interestingly enough, it happens within Catholicism itself, especially considering the fact that Catholics are pretty diverse in practices, "non-essential" beliefs and alignments. Catholics in America, for example, are distinct from Italian or Peruvian ones.
 * And that's not counting the various factions, such as the Conservatives, Liberals, Traditionalists, Sedevacantists, etc.
 * Also, there are the "Eastern Catholic" churches. Yes, there is such a thing. Back in the 1500s when the Mass and other customs were standardized to the standards of the Diocese of Rome - hence the Roman Catholic - there were large portions of the world where the Catholic churches were not in direct contact with Rome for geopolitical reasons (mostly, Muslim countries and India) and did not adopt the new standards, but maintained their older regional ones. Syriac, Chaldean, Maronite, etcetera... there are about sixteen different varieties, which add up to about six percent of all Catholics. Most of them can also be found in the various English-speaking countries today, due to immigration.
 * Interestingly, in some South-Asian countries, you can be registered as being either Christian or Catholic.
 * Although it's technically incorrect, a lot of non-Catholic Christians use "Christian" that way even in the United States. Some even claim that it is correct, because "Catholics aren't Christian" (usually based on the assumption that the use of the crucifix, instead of the bare cross, means Catholics don't believe in the Resurrection).
 * In Medieval Europe, the Roman Catholic Church (and Eastern Orthodox) was the only Christian Church, until the Reformation (which took place during Renaissance) when Protestantism evolved.
 * There were also Nestorians, Coptics, Irish, and so on. Also the Roman Catholic Church was, like everything Medieval, far more decentralized then the official rules stated, and had lots of weird cul-de-sacs and jurisdictional complications. Probably it would have been as easy to find a de facto sovereign bishop that paid nominal allegiance to the pope as a de facto sovereign prince that paid nominal allegiance to the Holy Roman Emperor.
 * Technically, "Roman" wasn't used until the 1500s.
 * All the tropers that were raised Catholic in their childhood probably felt that way. Until they learned about the existence of other Christian denominations.