Butterfly of Death and Rebirth



"The mark of your ignorance is the depth of your belief in injustice and tragedy. What the caterpillar calls the end of the world, the master calls a butterfly."

- Messiah's Handbook: Reminders for the Advanced Soul

Whenever you see a pretty (usually blue or black) butterfly show up, things are about to get Symbolic.

For millenia, the world has latched on to the image of the butterfly: its metamorphosis from a caterpillar to a butterfly used as a metaphor for death and rebirth. In brighter series, it means "Don't worry, be at peace, the great circle of life continues on." In others, it means "You're going to die and turn into something else and it being pleasant isn't necessarily an option." Dead butterflies are an especially ill omen.

Not related to Butterfly of Doom or Schrödinger's Butterfly. See also Pretty Butterflies. Subtrope of Butterfly of Transformation.

 Compare with: 
 * Cherry Blossoms, a chiefly Japanese symbol for the beauty and evanescence of life.
 * The Ouroboros, a snake consuming its own tail, emphasizes the cyclical nature of life. Its occult overtones also make it appropriate for more mystical and/or weirder cases of endings tangled up with beginnings.
 * The Phoenix, a mythological being reborn from its own ashes.

Anime and Manga

 * Used for double significance in the Sasuke Retrieval Arc of Naruto; after Choji defeats Jirobo, allowing Naruto, Kiba and the rest of the retrieval team to continue on, he staggers to a tree and sags against it in a very moving death scene; he gets better. Right after he collapses, a blue butterfly passes Shikamaru, who looks dismayed. Doubly significant in that Choji's name means 'butterfly', and that is the form that his supposedly fatal final attack takes: glowing butterfly wings of chakra.
 * In Shippuuden,
 * Sailor Heavy Metal Papillon (Butterfly) was a manga only servant of the final Big Bad in the Sailor Moon series, who turned the souls of all the Crystals that Galaxia captured literally into butterflies.
 * The original version of Super Sailor Moon came with a butterfly motif. It get's revealed later that she has the power of rebirth to match Sailor Saturn's power of destruction.
 * Sailor Stars apparently uses butterflies as a symbol of the Light of Hope.
 * In Bleach, specially-bred, ghostly (i.e. only seen by spirits and supernaturally-sensitive people) black butterflies (Called Jigoku-chou, or "Hell Butterflies", for extra cheeriness) are necessary as guides for those wanting to cross from Soul Society to the Living World, and vice versa. Otherwise, they'll be forced to pass through the Dangai, or "Forbidding World", where death is (un)surprisingly easy.
 * They're also used to carry messages within Soul Society, as well, which makes this trope a bit more mundane in Bleach.
 * A very squicky example is the Octava Espada Szayel Aporro Granz. His release form is similiar to a giant butterfly with wings that look like blood drops leading down from the wings among other creepy additions. His ultimate ability that makes him perfect in his eyes is his Gabriel ability. This let's him impregnate another person (done to a female but he implies he could do it to the guys too), absorb their energy and nutrients, and then become reborn from their now empty husk of a body.
 * Spoiler ahoy: Take a good look at  in 415.
 * Heavily seen in the first opening and ending of Higurashi. That one of the butterflies is dead is a sign of how dark the series is.
 * Similarly, in Umineko, the Golden Witch Beatrice is said to appear in the form of glowing, gold butterflies. Seen above.
 * In the opening of Majin Tantei Nougami Neuro, Sai crushes a blue butterfly in his hand. He's a murderer who is constantly regenerating at the loss of his memories.
 * Yuuko of ×××HOLiC has butterflies on her clothes and many of her possessions, and is often depicted wearing a kimono with butterfly wings attached to the obi. An old fortuneteller friend of hers mentions that the butterfly is Yuuko's particular symbol.
 * After a certain dramatic moment in Tsubasa Reservoir Chronicle, the concurrent xxxHolic chapter featured Watanuki dreaming of her death - then, when he wakes up, a butterfly appears over his clenched hand, and vanishes into thin air. Naturally, when he goes to look for Yuuko, she's gone, having moved on as payment to fight Fei Wong Reed's Gambit Roulette.
 * Keeping this in mind while you're watching any version of Revolutionary Girl Utena. It may help your sanity.
 * The butterflies seen in Cowboy Bebop the movie by people infected with nanomachines.
 * These appear in Ga-Rei Zero. They're evil.
 * At the end of Digimon Adventure 02, Yukio Oikawa's dying wish is to transform his body into a mass of butterflies which spread across the Digital World to protect it and restore its weakened barrier after his Family-Unfriendly Death. Digimon Adventures Anime Theme Song is titled "Butter-Fly", though its lyrics barely involve this trope; however, it does play over 02s distant Where Are They Now? Epilogue, during which Oikawa's butterflies do show up.
 * Busou Renkin has Papillon, the butterfly-themed villain whose entire deal was that he replaced his dying, mortal body with an immortal [but still sick, oddly] homunculus body.
 * Butterflies appear in the second season 2 OP for Mobile Suit Gundam 00, although they range in color, and a separate one appears for each of the four different female characters featured. It's possible that the symbolism isn't death here, but rather a drastic change set for them all.
 * The fourth woman dies.
 * This Ugly Yet Beautiful World is packed with these... and Fan Service.
 * Hotarubi from Basilisk summons butterflies among the insects and reptiles she uses to attack her enemies. When she dies and her lifeless and mutilated corpse falls off a cliff, a bunch of butterflies appear in the sky.
 * Princess Mononoke: Ashitaka spots a footprint that attracts butterflies. It belongs to the Great Forest Spirit, who has power over life and death.
 * Turn a Gundam's Moonlight Butterfly means a literal change in the world, destroying all the technology on the Earth two thousand years before the beginning of the series, thus forcing a reconstruction of the civilization, and after the series' finale, imprisoning the Big Bad and protagonist's Humongous Mechas in a cocoon, signing the end of the war.
 * Episode 8 of Mr. Stain on Junk Alley has this all over the place. Basically, it starts with our titular hero finding an abandoned baby in a junk heap, and it just gets cheerier from there... Stain dashes out of the alley and steals milk to feed the baby with, grabbing the attention of the law. Unfortunately, his attempts to care for the baby are too late- the poor tot dies, a blue butterfly floating out of his mouth. Frantically, Stain tries to catch it in hopes of reviving the baby, but the butterfly is crushed by a Jerkass cop, who proceeds to beat the crap out of Stain and then shoot him. Dying, Stain manages to go back to the roof he left the baby on, reach down his OWN throat, extract his OWN butterfly, revive the baby, and fall to his death... ironically, on top of the same Jerkass cop, killing the cop. Stain's conveniently-nearby friend nabs the cop's escaping butterfly, uses it to revive Stain, and everyone lives happily ever after.
 * In Hell Girl: The Cauldron of Three, the deceased Enma Ai's spirit takes the form of a blue butterfly.
 * The season one opening theme is called "Sakasama no Chou," or "Upside-down Butterfly," which adds another layer of meaning to the equation.
 * In D.Gray-man, Tyki Mikk uses black butterflies as weapons that are capable of removing an opponent's internal organs without causing them any other injury.
 * When the solar eclipse in Umi Monogatari gets accompanied by the appearance of thousands of eerie blue butterflies, you just know things will turn rather dark from then on.
 * Then there's G Gundam's Sai Saici, whose Hyper Mode Ultimate Attack and the Shaolin Temple's final and secret technique is a suicide attack in which his Gundam gains chi-created butterfly wings (much the same as the Naruto example with Chouji above, but with a Giant Robot). He also gets better. Multiple times.
 * Paprika has the butterfly room scene.
 * In one of the episodes of the hentai show Cool Devices, these appeared. The Moe Moe girls got brutally raped by a bunch of Scary Black Men, then sacrificed. But it's all okay, because at the end their spirits turn into butterflies. Or something.
 * In Hunter X Hunter, there is a type of butterfly that is attracted to fresh blood. In one of the Hunter Exams, Gon tracks these butterflies, which lead him to Hisoka, which is his target.
 * One chapter of Pet Shop of Horrors elevates this into mindfuck: Leon (a cop) accidentally shoots a childhood friend (Harry) who turns out to have become a criminal over time. Count D allows him to experience Harry's life for himself, trapping him inside an illusion given by a magical butterfly. Just as Leon experiences being shot to death, D crushes the butterfly, giving Leon his normal life back.
 * In Prétear, the Big Bad Takako attacks with purple butterflies. They can be used as spies, too.
 * Purple butterflies similar to those seen in Pretear appear in Harukanaru Toki no Naka de as a manifestation of Ran's Dark Dragon powers. These can be used for attack purposes or for defilement, and on one occasion in the manga/anime Ran uses these to place a curse on Akane.
 * In Saint Seiya, Hades' spies are butterflies and appear during the Hades arc whenever Saga, Shura and Camus are about to reveal their true motives (not to kill Athena, merely to see her again) as a grim reminder of their fate. One scene uses both this and the death version of Cherry Blossoms. There's also the Spectre Papillon, who starts off as a revolting caterpillar-like thing and then evolves into a pretty (scary) butterfly-boy with glowing butterfly minions.
 * In Part 6 of JoJo's Bizarre Adventure, 's death is accompanied by the appearance of butterflies. Appropriate to the trope,
 * In Iris Zero Hijiri has an Iris that allows him to see black butterflies that gather around people that are supposed to die in the near future.
 * Before his apparent death in Black Butler, Lau tells the story of a Chinese boy (reflecting himself) who dreamt he was a butterfly
 * Which doubles as a Genius Bonus; the story is word for word based on the philosophical musing of Lao Tzu.
 * In one of the ending songs, there's a constant blue butterfly flying around screen.
 * The first witch that appears in Puella Magi Madoka Magica seems to have a motif partially based around butterflies, as seen on her minions, in her barrier, on her Grief Seed, and on the witch herself. In addition once she's defeated there is a quick shot of a butterfly in a web afterwards. Fridge Brilliance / Horror kicks in when you realize.
 * Loveless plays this for all the symbolism it can get, especially with Soubi, complete with Ritsu-sensei musing on how "humans are able to be reborn".

Comic Books

 * In the Infinity War, Thanos turns his evil clone.. well, just as evil clone into a butterfly as he passes on. ...And then eats it.
 * In a Doom Patrol story written by Grant Morrison, Red Jack has found a way to keep himself immortal by imprisoning hundreds of butterflies and absorbing their life essence. When the butterflies are freed, he dies.

Film

 * At the end of Corpse Bride, the undead Emily dissolves into a cloud of blue butterflies, signifying her peaceful transition to the afterlife.
 * In The Fall the butterfly Darwin has sought for years heralds only tragedy.
 * In the Peter Jackson-directed The Lord of the Rings movies, a white butterfly or moth appears to Gandalf twice, apparently as a messenger from the giant eagles. In both instances, the heroes are hopelessly surrounded (evidently about to die) and eagles are going to swoop down and rescue them (returning them to life).
 * The moth used in the scene at Orthanc was real; to make that scene work, they had to get a bunch of chrysalises from a giant moth species and incubate them for weeks.
 * Absolem the blue caterpillar disappears into his cocoon in Tim Burton's Alice in Wonderland. Later, when a blue butterfly lands briefly on Alice's shoulder, she greets him with a friendly "Hello, Absolem."
 * When the four girls who form the central coven in The Craft perform a ritual together for the first time, they find themselves surrounded by dark blue butterflies as an indication that the deity they worship approves of their actions.
 * The girlfriend of the titular Patch Adams has a fondness for butterflies and says that she hopes to be reincarnated as one. Later, after her death, Patch is elevated from his depression by the appearance of a butterfly on his shirt, as though her wish has come true.
 * The German language romantic tragedy Love In Thoughts features a scene in which, while Gunther is dicking around with his pretty, pretty gun, as per usual, a butterfly lands on the barrel and distracts him with its pretty, pretty wings.
 * The American features a butterfly several times through the movie.
 * In the final scene of All Quiet on the Western Front,
 * Mothra, grand Kaiju of the Pacific and eternal frenemy of Godzilla, is literally one of these. Almost every appearance of Mothra will have it die, only to have it's Generation Xerox offspring take over for it.
 * The Matrix: Neo's speech at the end was going to refer to the Matrix as a chrysalis but the execs weren't sure if enough viewers would know what a chrysalis is (it's this, by the way).

Literature

 * The second book of the Malazan Book of the Fallen : A particularly bloody battle is fought on a river crossing that just happens to be the mating ground for a large group of migrating butterflies. They serve in a few different symbolic ways : ephemerality of life, instinctual drive to mate then die and premonition of the slaughter to come, as they coat the river in a yellow coat before the battle, before being replaced by the red of human blood. Finally, a thousand of them are used as psychopomps for the soul of a particularly powerful warlock.
 * Mercedes Lackey and James Mallory's The Obsidian Trilogy has, as one of the signs that the heroes are getting close to an evil place, swaths of dead foreign butterflies. Other signs include flocks of starlings flying endless, unnaturally precise flower-loops and familiar flowers with strange black petals.
 * An alien butterfly is used as an analogy for what Vergere is doing to Jacen in the New Jedi Order book Traitor.
 * The cover art for the novel Luna, having (presumably) Liam/Luna on the cover with butterfly wings. Representing Liam's transformation into Luna throughout the book.
 * In Tim O'Brien's short story, The Man I Killed (In the book The Things They Carried), a butterfly crawls up the dead boy's face and flies away.
 * In The Death Gate Cycle the kenkari titled the Keeper of the Door, Keeper of the Book, and Keeper of the Soul all hav butterfly-esque clothes, they are a line of elves on arianus who care for the souls of those elves of noble birth
 * In Gene Stratton Porter's Freckles, Freckles watches in wonder as a Luna moth comes from its cocoon and feels deeply frustrated at his ignorance at what it is, though he knows it's not a butterfly. This causes him to ponder his ignorance at length, until it dawns on him that he could find out these things.

Live-Action TV

 * A butterfly makes an enigmatic cameo near the beginning of a Lexx season finale. Shortly afterwards, an alien character's cocoon-like sleep pod is destroyed, severely limiting her life expectancy, but her spirit lives after death in the Dream Zone.
 * Also: Prince, the Satan/Death figure who formerly oversaw the judgment and reincarnation of all human souls, claims to keep a "butterfly room." "You'll love it. I'm very good... with butterflies."
 * A blood red butterfly appears everytime someone is murdered in Mujeres Asesinas 2, a Mexican Drama and Psychological Thriller series.
 * Monarch butterflies play a huge role in Kings, symbolizing the recognition of a king. Specifically, they herald the rise of David and the fall of his predecessor.
 * An episode of Millennium focussed on a conspiracy among mothers murdering their daughters. The incident that began the episode was a plane crash, fatal to everyone onboard, caused by one of the mothers. At the crash site there was an overly abundant amount of butterflies, said to be attracted by the chemicals in tears.
 * In episode 5 of Nikita, the civilian girlfriend of Owen, a secret Division operative, is an artist and makes stained-glass butterflies. Obviously, by the end of the episode,
 * A group of children dressed like butterflies show up at the beginning of the Pushing Daisies episode "Circus Circus", an episode heavily focused on new beginnings.
 * From Power Rangers RPM: One character, Dr. K, has been raised in a secret government think tank named Alphabet Soup under the pretense that she suffered from a sunlight allergy. A butterfly one day appears on her keyboard while she works on the Ranger suits. She follows it as it flies away towards an opening in the wall in which the sunlight shines through. She looks at her hands and realizes that her handlers have lied to her the whole time about the sunlight allergy. She attempts escape along with her only friends Gem and Gemma by wirelessly uploading a sentient computer virus named Venjix in hopes that it would blind the security servers long enough for them to escape. However, before she can install the firewall which would contain the virus to the compound, guards take her and her friends away. In a span of three years, Venjix has destroyed every human city (except Corinth), killed almost every living thing, and destroyed almost every biome on Earth. Woobie, Destroyer of Worlds, indeed.
 * On The Fades, butterflies are heavily associated with the Angelics' powers of healing—people who have been successfully healed are shown puking out a butterfly, and Paul's resurrection in the fourth episode produces an entire swarm of butterflies. In addition, Fades are shown becoming Reborns by breaking out of sticky cocoons, like a caterpillar becoming a butterfly.

Music

 * The Violet UK song "Blue Butterfly" IS this trope.
 * The first EP by morbidly depressing Finnish death/doom band Swallow The Sun, titled "Plague of Butterflies", contains a 34 minute long song using butterflies as a key motif in the narrative. It ends with both characters dying.

Video Games

 * A butterfly is resting on Mario's cap at the end of Super Mario Galaxy. Given how the entire universe collapses in on itself and then resets this is intentional symbolism.
 * On that note, Super Paper Mario's Tippi counts
 * Fatal Frame 2. The twin killed in the ritual "becomes a butterfly" through the butterfly-shaped reddened mark left on her throat from where the other twin has choked him or her to death. The butterflies themselves linger on as spirits and are seen throughout the game.
 * Butterflies play a big part symbolically in Silent Hill 2, as rebirth is one of the game's main themes.
 * Heavily featured in the Persona games, with the High Persona Philemon having a butterfly face in 1 and 2, and blue butterflies abound in 3 and 4 (according to Word of God, the current form of Philemon). Observe also Aigis and Metis's Butterfly masks.
 * The blue butterflies serve as save points in Persona 4, which fits the death and rebirth symbolism considering how often you'll die and have to reload.
 * Playing on the Celtic side in Arthur's Knights - Tales of Chivalry, while in Avalon, Branwen's squire has to find which of the many reincarnated souls-turned-butterflies was Branwen's wife in order to restore the man from his Karmic Transformation, an in-game guide said that Butterflies were thought to contain the souls of the dead. Making this a rare Western example of his trope.
 * Yuyuko Saigyouji, the ghost princess of Hakugyokurou from Touhou's Perfect Cherry Blossom uses a lot of butterfly-themed attacks. Bonus points for also tending an evil youkai cherry tree to provide the cherry blossom death imagery as well.
 * Final Fantasy Tactics Advance has some butterflies at one of the artworks. It might mean that the dream world of Ivalice was born, but then dies at the end of the game.
 * One of the quests in Romancing SaGa: Minstrel Song is appropriately called 'Creepy Butterfly', and involves a young wife being tormented by a strange butterfly visiting every night. Turns out it's the spirit of her father, who she thought abandoned her family after her mother grew deathly ill. He actually died searching for a cure; learning this helps her let go of her grudge, and allows him to move on.
 * Used excellently in Bioshock 2. The Big Bad of the game loves to use butterflies as a metaphor for the effects of Adam upon the population of rapture. Additionally, living and dead blue butterflies are seen in a few places throughout the game. But it really comes together during the Little Sister sequence when it's revealed that the Little Sisters perceive the flies swarming around the bodies of dead "angels" as butterflies.
 * They come up frequently in Metal Gear Solid Peace Walker, down to the names of the various AI weapons corresponding to stages of butterfly growth.
 * Evacaneer DOOM, True Final Boss of Ketsui, has a set of energy wings that seem designed to evoke butterfly imagery. In this case, it's the death aspect being referenced more than rebirth, as DOOM is going to kill you a lot no matter how good you are.
 * Also from CAVE, every single final boss from the ESP series, as well as the player characters from the Galuda games.
 * Trauma Team has Monarch Butterflies showing up occasionally, in particular after a massive virus outbreak starts..
 * Trauma Team has Monarch Butterflies showing up occasionally, in particular after a massive virus outbreak starts..

Web Comics

 * In The Inexplicable Adventures of Bob, the newly sentient Roofus the Robot wanders off pursuing a butterfly. He later finds his destiny when he meets a giant butterfly, Princess Voluptua's true form.
 * Used subtly in Hanna Is Not a Boy's Name when Zombie, an undead character, is discussing his previous life with Hanna. He catches a moth in his hands and watches it for a moment, then lets it go. What Do You Mean Its Not Symbolic?
 * In Homestuck, when Vriska and Aradia are resurrected and ascend to the god tiers, they are each granted a large pair of butterfly wings. Fitting, since her species begins their life cycles as larvae and sleeps in cocoons.
 * In Concession, a deep purple butterfly seems to be one of  spiritual forms.
 * In Sinfest, Fuschia is inspired by a butterfly as it means people can change. (Which she will have to do to win her love.)
 * And when the Buddha enlightens some Illumanti drones, they acquire butterfly wings.

Western Animation

 * In one episode of Mighty Max, Max teams up with a new band of heroes, all of whom are dead by the end of the episode. One of them, the Hindu monkey god Hanuman, muses that perhaps he'll come back as a butterfly. A butterfly appears in the last shot of the episode, even though,considering how long it takes a butterfly to become an adult, he should still be in catapillar form.

Other Media

 * This Detroit Free Press article notes the use of butterfly stickers on suicide kits.