Two Plus Torture Makes Five



"Nazi theory indeed specifically denies that such a thing as "the truth" exists... The implied objective of this line of thought is a nightmare world in which the Leader, or some ruling clique, controls not only the future but the past. If the Leader says of such and such an event, "It never happened" -- well, it never happened. If he says that two and two are five -- well, two and two are five."

- George Orwell, "Looking Back on the Spanish War," four years before Nineteen Eighty-Four

Most often used as a torture trope, probably influenced by the famous scene from Nineteen Eighty-Four, the villain has the hero in his clutches, but the hero Simply... Won't... Crack. Sometimes the villain has to do more, i.e., he has to make the hero's mind break. This means making the hero see things that aren't there or being forced to acknowledge things that are contradictory or illogical, sometimes through using Cold-Blooded Torture or Mind Rape.

The villain needs to make him believe that 2 + 2 = 5. It is said that the Truth will set you Free, and when truth loses all meaning, it becomes just another method of Orwellian Mind Control.

Perception is Truth. Black is White. Wrong is Right. Right is Left.

Often occurs in a society where Big Brother Is Watching. A good way of procuring a Manchurian Agent or otherwise Brainwashed drone; if you can break someone down so much that they end up believing this, then you can put them back together however you want.

Note: This trope has nothing to do with actual math or equations. All examples of 2 plus 2 actually equaling 5 should go here.

Comicbooks

 * Lampshaded/spoofed in The Invisibles when Sir Miles is using the drug Key 17 to mess with King Mob's mind. He causes King Mob to see, among other things, five fingers where there are four. The illustration is subtly creepy.
 * At the end, when King Mob escapes, he returns the favor: "How many fingers am I holding up, Sir Miles? Just two."
 * Land of the Blind: "Nothing is better than a big juicy steak."

Literature
""Once it's proved to you that, essentially speaking, one little drop of your own fat should be dearer to you than a hundred thousand of your fellow men, and that in this result all so-called virtues and obligations and other ravings and prejudices will finally be resolved, go ahead and accept it, there's nothing to be done, because two times two is-mathematics. Try objecting to that.""
 * As shown above, George Orwell used this for Nineteen Eighty-Four. Winston Smith writes that freedom is the ability to say "two plus two is four," then later tries to make himself believe in Doublethink by changing it to five. During his torture, the torturer forces him to see five fingers when there are only four. After Winston is released, he at one point subconsciously writes "2 + 2 = 5" on a coffee table's dust layer. Interestingly, several editions of the book list "2 + 2 = " instead, giving the impression of a Hope Spot. Alas, it's actually a typo: Winston really did write "2 + 2 = 5"
 * Dostoevsky offers us this joyful piece of wisdom:


 * In one of The Stainless Steel Rat books, "the grey men" mess with Jim's mind using hypnosis.
 * In the children's book Jim Button and Luke the Engine Driver (Jim Knopf und Lukas der Lokomotivführer) by Michael Ende, the dragon Mrs. Grindtooth (Frau Mahlzahn) tries to use this technique on her pupil/slave Li Si. Li Si, being both very intelligent and very brave, refuses to fold.
 * Part of what happened to Tycho Celchu between the comics and the books of the X Wing Series. He was bent pretty terribly by Isard but didn't actually break. When she overlaid Rebel and Imperial insignia and tried to transfer his loyalty to one over to the other, the contradiction sent him into a catatonic state. She later tried it on with even less success.
 * In the fourth book of A Song of Ice and Fire, Cersei needs to drum up some evidence for the false claim that Margaery is having affairs. She finds a favored singer of Margaery's known as The Blue Bard and sends him off to Qyburn. This trope ensues. The results aren't pretty.

Live-Action TV

 * In an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation, a Cardassian Torture Technician tries to force Picard to state that there are five lights on the wall, when there are really only four (see the page pic). Every time Picard insists that there are four, he gets tortured. Picard later admits that, in the very end, he did break under torture and actually saw five lights, but he's released just in time to defiantly proclaim, "There! Are! Four! Lights!"
 * In the Babylon 5 episode "Intersections in Real Time," John Sheridan's torture and interrogation of is based around manipulating perspective and convincing Sheridan to accept the fact that the truth is fluid, and therefore he's a mutineer, a conspirator, a terrorist, and a victim of alien influence. He even manages to rather effectively turn the logic around against his interrogator. Saying that, essentially, just as their truth is valid to them, so is his to himself.
 * In the first episode of The Thick of It, Malcolm tries to "persuade" journalists that minister Hugh Abbott did make an important announcement at an earlier press conference (though he did no such thing) - it's just that journalists missed it.
 * Parodied in a TV show by Swedish comedian Hans Alfredsson, in which he plays the leader of a small semi-Nazi organization, whose main targets are "svartskallar" — literally "blackheads", a common ethnic slur in Sweden. The Movement is supposed to be vegetarian and celibate, but when a rich and influential member tells the Leader that he owns a sausage factory and is not about to give up his wife, the Leader tells everyone that from now on, sausages and women are vegetables. At the end of the story, the Leader meets his mother for the first time... and she turns out to be black. When someone asks what this means for party policy the Leader declares that from now on, red is black and black is red... and the members turn on the single red-headed member with evil glee.
 * In the Miniseries Roots, Kunta Kinte is whipped until he says that his name is Toby, the slave name given to him by his master.
 * Though it involves no torture, in the Red Dwarf episode "Camille", Lister tries to break Kryten's programming by showing him an apple and getting him to say it's an orange.
 * On The X-Files, this is pretty much the objective of the military guards torturing Mulder in "The Truth." After breaking into a government facility and finding "the truth", as well as several other things the government was hiding, Mulder is captured and denied food, water, clothes and sleep. Whenever the guards come in, they ask him what he's thinking, and beat him for answering truthfully. What is the correct answer? They want Mulder to admit that he illegally entered the facility to obtain non-existant information and killed a man, even though none of those things are true. Why? They're holding a Kangaroo Court and are hoping to get rid of him once and for all. It appears to work, as Mulder repeats the words back. Turns out he's just saying it to get them to leave him alone.

Music

 * Radiohead has a song titled "2 + 2 = 5" that was inspired by Nineteen Eighty-Four.
 * Living Colour's "Cult of Personality" also refers to the concept with the lyrics, "I'll tell you one and one makes three".

Newspaper Comics

 * Private Plato in Beetle Bailey creates an instant demonstration by giving Lt. Sonny Fuzz a black piece of paper and expressing confusion over the alleged fact that the general said it was white.

Theater

 * This is part of the treatment Petruchio gives Katharine in order to "tame" her in The Taming of the Shrew, when he insists that the food is bad and the clothes are ugly and refuses to allow her to eat or keep them. He also obstinately claims that it is 7 o'clock, when it is only 2. "...it shall be what o'clock I say it is." She later gives in to his game, agreeing with Petruchio that, in spite of it being broad daylight, that the moon is shining, and shortly after agrees with him that it is not the moon after all, but in fact the sun. Earning this play the title of "Shakespeare's Ode to wifebeating"
 * According to some interpretations, though, this is a subversion; Katharine takes Petruchio's lies and stretches them even further, coming up with speeches so patently ridiculous it's hard to think she's not making fun of him. And this may be where they reach an understanding with each other - from this point forward, they start teaming up to terrorize other people instead of each other.
 * In Equivocation, Shag protests that a Gunpowder Plot conspirator's confession obtained by torture isn't the best evidence by pointing out the misspelling of his own name (Winter where it should be Wintour). Cecil threatens he can have similar done to Shag, giving justification to playwright Bill Cain's use of William Shagspeare in place of the well-known William Shakespeare.

Videogames

 * Invoked by Assassin's Creed: The Tenth Templar stands before the player as the last boss wielding a device that can cast illusions and control human minds, with the only exception being someone trained to withstand it (in this case, the player). He goes for full-on solipsism and declares the Apple of Eden proof that "Nothing is true... and everything is permitted!"
 * Right from the book Alamut
 * Hilarious—and simultaneously terrifying—is the Shout-Out to this trope in Portal. Midway through the struggle with Big Bad angrily seethes, "You think you're doing some damage? Two plus two is... f-f-f-f- Ten.

Western Animation

 * In an episode of Chalk Zone a horrible counselor sets out to make sure that Rudy understands what is "real" and what isn't. She straps him to a chair that shows him two pictures (generally a photo and a cartoon image) and asks him which is better. Every time he gets it wrong, it honks loudly at him. Later in the episode, we see him feebly trying to answer and getting honk after honk after honk until he says "whatever you say", which is the answer she was looking for.
 * Referenced in Fairly Oddparents with teacher Mr Crocker, who announces that if he ever did manage to harness the power of fairies for his totalitarian government he could make "Two plus two equal fish!"
 * Which The Joker actually did, according to John Henry Irons, in a Superman Comic Books storyline from the previous year, after stealing Mr. Mxyzptlk's powers.
 * Also in Fairly Oddparents, Timmy imagines if Tom Saywer got into and control of a physics textbook, "he could turn gravity into gravy!" Cut to people on the street getting covered in 2 feet of gravy and then start floating off the ground.
 * Possibly a reference to the Red Dwarf example above, in the American Dad episode where Deputy Director Bullock (Patrick Stewart, ironically enough, partial Trope Namer and big Red Dwarf fan) is sleeping with Hayley, Stan tries to make her ex-boyfriend Jeff more assertive by beating him up and getting him to say various fruit are something else.

Real Life

 * One reason for the Blatant Lies in the pronouncements of repressive regimes (like North Korea's recent statement that their country is one of the happiest places on Earth) is that citizens wind up repeating them (to avoid being accused of disloyalty) even though they know the statements are untrue. This makes the citizens psychologically complicit in the regime's lies, and less likely to resist. That's the theory, anyway.
 * Joseph Goebbels: "The principle and which is quite true in itself and that in the big lie there is always a certain force of credibility; because the broad masses of a nation are always more easily corrupted in the deeper strata of their emotional nature than consciously or voluntarily." In short: "The bigger the lie, the more it will be believed."
 * In Germany's case the torture was economic collapse and Hitler was the one to say 2+2=5
 * The form of emotional abuse known as Gaslighting.
 * Not torture, but a similar concept: a common trick in hypnosis shows is to convince the person under hypnosis that a number (say, 8) doesn't exist, leading to confusion when the person is then asked to count his or her fingers and invariably winds up at eleven, despite knowing that there should only be ten fingers.

…Torture = 3?