Fiddler on the Roof

""A fiddler on the roof... Sounds crazy, no? But here in our little village of Anatevka, you might say every one of us is a fiddler on the roof, trying to scratch out a pleasant, simple tune without breaking his neck.""

Fiddler on the Roof is a popular musical from the 1960s, based on a set of stories by Yiddish writer Sholem Aleichem (pen name for Solomon Rabinovich).

Set in the shtetl of Anatevka, in the Pale of Settlement of the Russian Empire, just before the Revolution of 1905, it tells the story of Tevye, a milkman with five daughters: Tzeitel, Hodel, Chava, Schprintze, and Bielke. The plot centers on Tevye and Golde's efforts to find husbands for their daughters, but their daughters break tradition by marrying for love rather than having their marriages arranged by Yente, the town matchmaker.

The original Broadway production starred Zero Mostel in the role that would make him famous, but producer-director Norman Jewison refused to cast him in the movie, feeling that his performance was too over the top, and chose Chaim Topol, star of the London production, instead. The movie was released in 1971. Originally, Jerome Robbins, the director-choreographer of the original musical, had shown an interest in directing the film as well, but the production company, Mirisch Pictures, refused to even consider the idea, due to the difficulties they had when Robbins was assigned to co-direct and choreograph West Side Story. (Robbins had spent so much time shooting and re-shooting scenes in his quest for perfection, that by the time he had completed about 60% of the picture, the film had gone $1,000,000 over budget and six months behind schedule. He was summarily fired from the film shoot and producer and co-director Robert Wise completed the film alone.)

Fiddler on the Roof remains a popular choice for high schools to this day.

It provides examples of:
"Yes, well, somewhere, it says something about a chicken."
 * Actually Pretty Funny: The rabbi's son cracks up when Tevye jokes that the Jews' constant migrations is "why we never take off our hats."
 * Adaptation Distillation - in the original books, Tevye had seven daughters, and many aspects of his life (such as his journey from abject poverty to respectable milk farmer, earning him the "Reb Tevye" moniker, and the suicide of one of his daughters) were cut out.
 * Arranged Marriage - To life!
 * As the Good Book Says - Probably Trope Namer. Tevye is always saying this to everyone, including the audience.
 * And he tries to tell God "As the Good Book says ..." before realizing that ...God already knows what the Good Book says
 * Subverted in that he makes up most of the quotes or gets them wrong.

""Golde's been arrested, and Hodel's gone to Kiev! Motel studies dancing, and Tevye's acting strange. Shprintze has the measels, and Bielke has the mumps."
 * Awesome McCoolname: Lazar Wolf
 * Aw Look They Really Do Love Each Other - Tevye and Golde, who after nearly 30 years of bickering, child bearing, and drudgery, realize that they really do love each other.
 * Being Good Sucks - The story starts off with his mule injuring its leg and Tevye's luck just goes downhill from there.
 * Bait and Switch: The "New Arrival" at Motel and Tzeitel's that everyone is goo-gooing over is...a sewing machine.
 * And done immediately in reverse when Tzeitel walks in with a newborn baby.
 * Berserk Button - Do not tell Grandma Tzeitel that her great-granddaughter is marrying Lazar Wolf.
 * Don't mention it to Fruma Sarah, either.
 * In a rare heartwarming example, Motel finally grows a pair and stands up to Tevye when he calls him a poor tailor.
 * Brawn Hilda: Fruma Sarah, Lazar Wolf's deceased wife, is sometimes depicted as one of these.
 * Brick Joke: In the opening, Tevye mentions that one of their traditions is always wearing hats. In the end, Tevye speculates that maybe the reason hats are constantly worn is because historically Jews/Hebrews have been forced out of a number of places at a moments notice.
 * Category Traitor: Tevye considers  to have passed the Moral Event Horizon for wanting to marry a guy who isn't Jewish,  . This is both Truth in Television and Values Dissonance, as the fragility and small numbers of the Jewish faith - especially in the film's setting of pre-revolutionary Russia, where Jewish communities (as we seen in the musical) were under constant threat of attack from the Christian majority - means that each marriage is an important part of the preservation of the religion. Marrying out of the faith for even many modern Orthodox Jews would be the ultimate betrayal.
 * Childhood Marriage Promise - Motel and Tzeitel
 * Child Marriage Veto: Tzeitel refuses to marry Lazar when Tevye tells her of the match.
 * Compliment Backfire - TWO right after the other. Tevye tells the constable it's a shame he's not a Jew. The constable laughs it off, and tells Tevye he likes his joking. Both of them, however, realize what the other was saying, and look pretty miffed afterward.
 * Creepy Shadowed Undereyes - Played for laughs in Tevye's "dream" sequence
 * Dark Reprise - of "Tradition" after Tevye disowns . No words, but the chorus dancing in the back... dancing like they're trapped and can never escape...
 * Downer Ending - The only positive thing you can take out of that ending is that they didn't die.
 * Well they did get out in time to avoid the Communist takeover.
 * Which is great for those who went to America, but for those who went to Poland...
 * "...and God be with you."
 * Tevye also got all his daughters married (not in the way he expected, though), and the fiddler follows them away, as does the traditions it symbolizes.
 * In some productions, such as the most recent Broadway revival, Tevye leaves the fiddler behind.
 * Dream Ballet
 * Epic Song: If the entire male cast of the show is not doing its best to make "L'Chaim (To Life)" as bombastic, over-the-top and showstopping as humanly possible, that cast is doing it wrong.
 * Exactly What It Says On the Tin: Sure enough, the introductory shot of the film is a fiddler playing on a roof. (However, he may or may not be a metaphor, and he's definitely not the main character.)
 * First Guy Wins: Subverted, in the film at least; during the opening number "Tradition," we see Lazar Wolf looking at Tzeitel right before panning to Motel.
 * Well Motel and Tzeitel are childhood friends.
 * All Issues Are Political Issues: Perchik says something like this
 * Friendly Enemy - The constable and the village Russians, until the czar's decrees force them to become PunchClockVillains.
 * Geeky Turn On - Motel, the town tailor. Also.
 * Gossip Evolution - "The Rumour"

"And that's what comes from men and women dancing!""

""May all your futures be pleasant ones,
 * Grief Song - "Chavaleh"
 * Although, if you actually listen to the lyrics, the whole THING is a sort of grief-song. Even "L'Chaim", one of the boisterous upbeat songs, has the lyrics:

Not like our present ones...

It takes a wedding to make us say,

"Let's live another day...""

""May he get an itch he cannot scratch!""
 * ...Wow. I just looked up the lyrics to the song and reread them. You're totally right.
 * Hangover Sensitivity: Tevye, after the drinking song.
 * Homosocial Heterosexuality: The traditional Arranged Marriage custom is portrayed as an emotional and social affair between the groom and the father, the bride hardly being relevant to the process. And thus the plot is setting up for a massive backfire.
 * Human Ladder: Not part of the story itself, but this technique is often used to portray the abnormally tall ghost of Fruma-Sarah. (Especially in modern high school productions, where technical equipment budgets tend to be limited.)
 * Hypocritical Humor: A good deal of Yente's dialogue. Also invoked by Fyedke, who lists a few of his (somewhat boastful) good points, then tacks on, "and very modest."
 * If I Were a Rich Man - Trope Namer
 * I Have No Daughter-.
 * Inconvenient Itch: One character invokes this to another:

"Tevye: Thank you, your honor. You are a good man. If I may say so, it's too bad you're not a Jew.
 * Incredibly Long Note: Fyedka's "Laaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaazaaaaaaaaaar..." in "L'Chaim." It is not uncommon for betting to be going on backstage about when the actor will pass out. (Answer: not before he gets his applause, dammit!)
 * Informed Judaism - averted.
 * I Want Song - "Matchmaker, Matchmaker" for the three eldest girls (Tzeitel, Hodel, and Chava)
 * Jewish Complaining - Tevye has many things to complain about, and even uses it to save face in the last act.
 * Jews Love to Argue - Tevye and Golde. Even at the end, he complains when she tells some people where they are going to live.
 * HORSE! MULE! HORSE! MULE!
 * Jewish Mother - Oh, Golde.
 * Just Following Orders - The Constable's justification for allowing "a little unofficial demonstration" of anti-semitism.
 * Large Ham - Fruma Sarah, Tevye
 * Living Prop - It is INCREDIBLY easy to forget that Tevye has two little daughters as well as his three teenage ones.
 * Marry for Love - Tevye's daughters want to do this.
 * Mother Russia Makes You Strong
 * My God You Are Serious:

Constable: [laughs] That's what I like about you, Tevye. You're always joking."

"Golde! What am I going to tell Golde?!"
 * Awkward silence ensues as the Constable realizes Tevye was not joking.
 * Never Bareheaded - The characters are all Orthodox Jews, so this trope is naturally in play.
 * Nice Jewish Boy - Motel. Though in perhaps a bit of an aversion, Golde would prefer her daughter to marry a rich older man like Lazar Wolf.
 * Oh Crap - Tevye gets one when he realises he has to tell his wife about their daughter's change in marriage plans.

"Perchik: "Money is the curse of the world."
 * One Dialogue Two Conversations: Are Tevye and Lazar talking about a milk cow, or about Tzeitel?
 * One Scene Wonder - Fruma Sarah. It's also a theatre role where hamming it up is required, along with a harness (or a cast member with a sturdy set of shoulders).
 * Opening Chorus - "Traditiooooooon!"
 * Opinion Changing Dream - Invoked by Tevye to persuade his wife to let Tzeitel marry Motel.
 * Parental Marriage Veto - See I Have No Son.
 * Political Stereotype - Perchik, as the idealistic, left-wing university student.
 * Pragmatic Adaptation - If the story's main theme is tradition vs. upheaval, the way the musical approaches that theme is very different from the approach taken by its source material. Sholem Aleykhem's original stories, written for exclusively Jewish audiences around the turn of the century, stressed more the importance of upholding tradition despite surrounding social change. The musical, though, which was intended for a more general audience, seems to take the position that change - both good and bad - is inevitable. (Which was pretty much the theme of The Sixties, if you think about it.)
 * The Presents Were Never From Santa: Golde changes her mind about Tzeitel marrying Motel instead of Lazar Wolf by Tevye's prophetic dream from her great-grandmother... which Tevye entirely made up. The dream never happened.
 * Protagonist Title Fallacy - Teyve is not the fiddler on the roof; however, the fiddler represents the inhabitants of Anatevka: trying to play a pleasant old tune in perilous circumstances.
 * Proper Lady: Tzeitel.
 * Punch Clock Villain - The Constable, and if "L'Chaim" is any hint, possibly the rest of the Russian villagers.
 * Except for the fact that there is a very obviously implied tension when the Russian Villagers join the dancing. It recedes, jumps up when Tevye bumps into one, and recedes again, but is always there.
 * Refuge in Audacity: Possibly the only reason why Tevye can make the "dream" about Fruma Sarah into a plausible excuse for marrying Tzeitel off to Motel.
 * Actually even more clever and devious: Fruma Sarah's objection is the motivation; Grandma Tzeitel's is the excuse
 * Rule of Three - Three girls, three marriages  They have more girls than that, of course, but only three have plot-important roles.
 * And, as mentioned above, in the stories, Tevye has seven daughters.
 * Secret Relationship -
 * Shrinking Violet - Chava.
 * Slap Slap Kiss - Hodel and Perchik.
 * Smite Me Oh Mighty Smiter

Tevye [shouting to the Heavens]: "May God Smite me with it! AND MAY I NEVER RECOVER!""

"Hodel: You don't understand, Papa.
 * Stealth Insult - "Is there a proper blessing for the czar?" "Yes. 'May God bless and keep the czar... far away from us!'"
 * Yente comes to one of the fathers telling him she has a match for his son, the shoemaker's daughter. The father protests, since the shoemaker's daughter is almost blind. Yente explains this IS why it is such a perfect match, as a blind girl should have no worries about whether her husband is ugly.
 * Talking in Bed
 * That Russian Squat Dance
 * That Wasn't a Request: When Perchik and Hodel tell Tevye (Hodel's father) of their engagement and he blusters that he won't allow it:

Tevye: I understand, I understand, because I said yes to Motel and Tzietel you feel you also have the right, but my answer is still no.

Perchik: No, Reb Tevye. You don't understand. We're not asking for your permission."


 * This Is Sparta - "Now I have piece of advice for you: This. Is still. My land. Get. Off. My. Land."
 * "I! WANT! TO SEE! MOTEL'S! NEW! MACHINE! NOW!"
 * "UNHEARD OF! ABSURD!"
 * Title Drop: "You might say every one of us is a fiddler on the roof."
 * Troubled Sympathetic Bigot: Tevye is constantly struggling with his belief in tradition versus his three daughters' yearning for liberation. He manages to accept the first two of them (who want to chose their own husbands, but within their own ethnic group), but draws the line with the third (who falls in love with a Christian). With this daughter, Tevye is shown to be on the edge of committing Honor Related Abuse - but he never carries it out, making him a failed patriarch but keeping him from becoming a failed human being.
 * Two Act Structure
 * Victorious Childhood Friend - Motel.
 * Wedding Smashers - Oh, those wacky Cossacks.