The Cold Equations

"The Cold Equations" is a short story by Tom Godwin, first published in 1954, which has been done as a radio play for the X Minus One radio drama of the 1950s, a 1988 episode of The Twilight Zone, and a 1996 made-for-TV movie for the Syfy.

Barton, the pilot of an Emergency Dispatch Ship (EDS) dropped from a Hyperspace cruiser, discovers there's a stowaway on board, a young girl named Marilyn. His ship is taking a load of vaccines to the planet Woden, it has just enough fuel to make the deceleration and landing with no reserve, and if they don't get there, 8 colonists will die. Also, there is no way to reduce the weight of the ship to compensate for Marilyn's mass. Typical practice as required by regulations is to jettison stowaways, as these vessels do not have any reserve fuel to allow a safe landing with the extra weight. However, the situation is complicated because Marilyn is an innocent who just wanted to see her brother (who is stationed on Woden) and didn't know that stowing away on an EDS would carry a penalty worse than a stiff fine.

The primary ship informs Barton there is no way the primary ship can retrieve Marilyn (other lives depend on their strict timetable as well), that there's no other ships in the area, and he knows there's no planetary launch available, either. He must reduce the ship's mass, but he lacks the appropriate means to, for example, seriously strip the ship of unnecessary components. (There's nothing on the ship that isn't necessary.) She can't land the ship either as it's not computer-piloted, so Barton can't sacrifice himself. Barton doesn't like the only choice available, and realises that he's going to have to live with the thought of what he's going to have to do for the rest of his life.

Failing to reduce the ship's mass -- by spacing Marilyn -- will mean the ship will crash, and Barton, Marilyn and the colonists will die. Marilyn eventually accepts that there is no alternative, so after being able to reach her brother over the radio to say goodbye, Marilyn walks into the airlock, and Barton ejects her into space.

The point of the story is that in space, sometimes the cold equations leave no alternative, and balancing the equation means someone dies.

The story was first published in the August 1954 edition of Astounding Science Fiction, which is available here in the Internet Archive.


 * Cold Equation


 * Always Save the Girl: The whole point of the story is to avert this trope.
 * Broken Aesop: Let's just say that it would read a lot better if the basic premise wasn't shot to hell by a number of perfectly valid alternative solutions, with the dilemma heavily hinging on Take Our Word for It.
 * Or if the basic premise could survive so much as two minutes' worth of Fridge Logic.
 * Campbellian Hero: Also a deliberate aversion -- no-one pulls a technological Ass Pull to save the girl. The Other Wiki says that this was at Campbell's direct instruction; Godwin kept coming up with ways to save her, but Campbell kept sending the manuscript back for re-writes.
 * Executive Veto: Ironically, it was Campbell himself, the Trope Namer for Campbellian Hero, who refused to publish the story until the author wrote an ending in which the girl died.
 * Swiss Cheese Security: The whole situation could have been avoided by a 30-second pre-launch check.
 * Or by having a warning sign on the door that actually warned people 'Stowaways Will Be Shot And Dumped Out The Airlock, No Exceptions, This Means You' instead of simply saying 'No Trespassing'.
 * Take a Third Option: There is none. Your Mileage May Vary, as the author doesn't explore why the valid alternatives are impossible; the audience has to take the word of the in-universe experts.
 * The story is actually fairly good about setting up the lack of possible alternatives once Marilyn has boarded the spacecraft and it has launched. The problem lies in the epic amount of Idiot Plot it took to get things that far in the first place.
 * Missing White Woman Syndrome: Barton notes that "On Earth [Marilyn's] plight would have filled the newscasts...Everyone, everywhere, would have known of Marilyn Lee Cross and no effort would have been spared to save her life." In space, however, there's no room for that kind of emotion.
 * Mohs Scale of Science Fiction Hardness: Very Hard, with the exception of hyperspace aircraft carriers, as the fuel dilemma is based around the application of the Rocket Equation, which can be simplified to: In space, you need fuel to lift the fuel, and more fuel to lift that fuel, so every gram counts.
 * Downer Ending: There's no solution to the problem that does not result in Marilyn having to be executed.