Book of the New Sun

Gene Wolfe's masterpiece set After the End in a Feudal Future which seems to be Low Fantasy, but is actually science fiction - though this is only subtext during the first four books, becoming overt in the coda. It tells the story of Severian, an apprentice of the Torturer's Guild who turns out to be a kind of Messianic Archetype.

The tetralogy consists of The Shadow of the Torturer, The Claw of the Conciliator, The Sword of the Lictor and The Citadel of the Autarch, plus a coda, The Urth of the New Sun, which was written some time later and clears up a number of points from the series proper. It's a work of staggering complexity, with very little explained outright. The Wild Mass Guessing alone would be longer than most pages on this wiki (and here's proof).

Part of the "Briah" Cycle, along with the Book of the Long Sun tetralogy and Book of the Short Sun trilogy.

This series contains examples of:

 * Affably Evil -
 * Also our hero, who is a trained torturer and executioner, and often defends those occupations as necessary parts of society.
 * All There in the Manual - The rare supplementary books Lexicon Urthus by Michael Andre-Driussi (which explains some of the more oblique aspects of The Book of the New Sun, as well as the archaic terminology) and The Castle of the Otter (a collection of essays by Wolfe himself about various aspects of the series).
 * Also GURPS New Sun, the RPG, which includes a lot of background hints.
 * Animated Armor: Sidero in Urth of the New Sun. He is not happy when Severian wears him.
 * Artificial Human: . Also, turns out to be  homunculus.  in his post-death appearances is this as well.
 * Back From the Dead: and several others, including  thanks to the Claw of the Conciliator. Also, if we're to assume, as it's implied, that Severian hit him a little too hard and broke his neck during their previous meeting.
 * Banana Republic: If you believe that the story is set in future-South America, then the massive inequalities of its feudal system is just a futuristic spin on this trope.
 * Word of God says
 * Big Labyrinthine Building: The House Absolute. Not only is the House so vast and complex that its extents are unknown, but there is a secret "Second House" coextensive with the first.
 * Body Horror: has attained eternal life at the cost of ceaseless growth. The implication is that he's become a humanoid cancer.
 * Brain Bleach:
 * Brother-Sister Incest: Agia and Agilus.
 * Call a Smeerp a Rabbit: As if inverting the popular fantasy trope is not enough, Wolfe subverts it for good measure by naming most of his alien, genetically-engineered or otherwise exotic creatures after obscure prehistoric beasts. Apparently not one term in the tetralogy was made up by the author.
 * That claim has confused quite a few readers due to unfortunate typos such as "onegars", a type of animal no one could identify. Turns out it's a typo for "onagers"; onagers are donkey-like animals. (Wolfe gave the definitions for a lot of the weirder words in his book "The Castle of the Otter", which is well worth reading.)
 * Christianity Is Catholic: Wolfe is Catholic and the religions existing in the world are based upon Catholicism. Justified perhaps by the Epileptic Trees theory that the novels are set in future South America.
 * Covers Always Lie: The back cover of the compilation version of The Sword of the Lictor / The Citadel of the Autarch describes the book as containing "Severian's final showdown with the evil Autarch."
 * Cold-Blooded Torture: The Torturer's Guild tortures people as punishment, not interrogation and has no interest in the innocence, guilt, or any attributes of their victims.
 * Cool Sword - Terminus Est.
 * Also qualifies as a BFS -it's taller than Severian, who is said to be quite tall himself.
 * Crapsack World
 * Crystal Dragon Jesus: In a very Future Imperfect way, religious orders exist that are remnants of Christianity but have become really odd. The Torturer's Guild seems to be a warped version of the Catholic priesthood, as they still think about Saint Catherine in terms of a patron saint and torture is thought of as a messed up version of Confession. Even their formal name, "The Order for the Seekers of Truth and Penitence" equally describes torturers and Catholic clergy. There are the Pelerines who are like nuns but with some Eastern religion thrown in. Finally, there is the ritual of the Alzabo wherein you can gain someone's memories by eating their body along with this alien creature, which has echoes of the Eucharist.
 * It goes even further than this. There is an actual Crystal Dragon Jesus in the form of the Conciliator. The religious orders are not actually remnants of Christianity but parallel to Christianity; angels, prophets and healing powers are all very much real.
 * Dark Messiah / Messianic Archetype: Severian, aka.
 * Deadpan Snarker: Jonas.
 * Dead All Along: . For clarification, in the coda, Urth of the New Sun, died early in the book but immediately had all his memories implanted into a new, identical body that  fashioned for him on the spot.
 * Deadly Euphemism: The Torturer's Guild refers to its victims as "clients"; also, its technical name is "Guild of The Seekers for Truth and Penitence."
 * Designated Hero: Severian is often very unlikeable, and his actions are rarely, if ever, heroic.
 * Diamonds in the Buff: Jolenta's outfit in Dr. Talos' play. (Severian and Dorcas are completely naked.)
 * Dude, She's Like, in a Coma: Jolenta.
 * Dystopia: The Ascian nation is an Orwellian dystopia. (The rest of the world isn't that well off either, frankly.)
 * Eldritch Abomination: Typhon and his children - though they're neither the only nor the oldest ones. Abaia and Erebus are particularly nasty, apparently, though they're never seen in person - only their human worshippers/slaves, the Ascians, who are an Orwellian totalitarian nation.
 * Epileptic Trees: whole groves of them. Some people have claimed that Dorcas might actually be a vampire.
 * Everyone Is Jesus in Purgatory
 * Expy: Severian has aspects of the Emperor Claudius as seen in I, Claudius. He refers to people calling him "Severian the Mad" as well as "Severian the Lame" and like Claudius has a less than happy marriage to a woman named Valeria.
 * In The Urth of the New Sun he mentioned that his friends called him "Severian the Lame" and his soldiers called him "Severian the Great." This may be a shout-out to the Asian warlord Timur, who was also known by both titles. (It was apparently a pun in Timur's language.)
 * Also, sort of a combination of Expy and Shout-Out is the Librarian Ultan who Severian meets, who is clearly based on the author Borges.
 * Abaia is arguably an Expy of Cthulhu.
 * Rewatch Bonus: There are many hidden aspects of the story. Most notably
 * Perhaps more most notably, the tomb Severian spends much of his free time in as a child . Hilarious in Hindsight because in one of the first chapters of the first book,.
 * Five-Man Band - subverted to hell and back with Dr Talos' players, who Severian crosses paths with and then leaves, several times. Severian even meets Dr Talos and Baldanders in an inn.
 * Future Imperfect: Several examples. While at the library, Severian sees a picture of the first men on the moon and not only describes it in an Innocent Inaccurate way, but also wonders why there's no vegetation on it. Another scene makes reference to the planet Mars being renamed "Present" at some point and one character can't believe a language existed where the words for "gift" and "now" were the same. There's also a scene where Severian hears a story which has a definite similarity to that of Theseus, but has no idea of the connection
 * Actually the story is a mashup between Theseus and the Battle of Hampton Roads: the joke is that after so many centuries, people got the Minotaur confused with the Monitor. (There's a similar story that is a mashup of The Jungle Book and Romulus the founder of Rome - both children raised by wolves.)
 * Genetic Memory - Severian, after, inherits her memories.
 * Genius Bruiser -.
 * Gentle Giant - Subverted. Baldanders appears to fit the archetype, but is actually.
 * Note that while he's a giant
 * Handsome Lech: While he does experience Character Development, Severian has a really hard time relating women in terms other than their physical attractiveness. While Severian states outright that he himself is not at all attractive, he isn't necessarily reliable on that topic.
 * Homage: Many of the shorter stories encountered throughout the main text contain more or less obvious parallels to real-life mythology and literature. One is quite clearly the first chapter of Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book, mashed up with the myth of Romulus and Remus and an American Thanksgiving story.
 * Have We Met Yet? - Played straight and inverted at the same time. The Hierodules are constantly moving backwards in time, while Severian moves through time normally - hence, his last meeting with them in Urth of the New Sun is their first meeting with him.
 * See also: Merlin Sickness
 * Have I Mentioned I Am Sexually Active Today? - Severian does like to talk about his love life a bit much...
 * Improbable Weapon User - Severian and Agilus, during their duel, use plants whose poisonous leaves are picked and thrown like darts.
 * Incest Is Relative -
 * Informed Attractiveness - As with other aspects of the books' world, standards of beauty appear to undergo a ton of translation loss between actuality and the narration. There's a strong chance that many of the books' most "beautiful" characters would appear downright unsettling to our eyes.
 * Consider the unnatural height and alien-influenced appearance of exultants, whose numbers include Thecla, Vodalus, and Thea. The exact degree of their distinctive height and features is vague, leaving it uncertain whether they'd strike us as beautiful people or as borderline HumanoidAbominations.
 * Severian's throwaway asides about Jolenta suggest a figure that goes right past Curves in All the Right Places to extremes that border on Gonk.
 * Innocent Inaccurate: Severian combines this with being a straight Unreliable Narrator. He's more of the former in describing the world he lives in (e.g. his description of a photo of the moon landing), but is more like the latter in describing his own life.
 * Istanbul (Not Constantinople): As suggested in the [[GURPS game]], the Commonwealth where Severian lives is in South America (Buenos Aires is often suggested as the location of Nessus), the Ascians are the former United States of America, and the Xanthic peoples are Asian.
 * Maybe not just the United States. The Ascians are north of the equator, and apparently not part of the same continent as the Commonwealth, but that could include Mexico and Central America as well. (Considering how cold Severian's area is, much of the US is probably too frigid to live in.) Note that the word "Ascian" is derived from Greek and means 'without a shadow'; it's an extremely archaic term for inhabitants of the tropics (where the sun is directly overhead at noon twice a year, thus the only place where a person can stand in full direct sunlight and cast no shadow). The idea is that the common people realize the Ascians are coming from the north, but believe them to come from northern South America near the Equator rather than an entirely different continent.
 * However, Wolfe himself has pointed out that one-to-one matchups of places is largely not going to work, as the novels are
 * This is arguably an example of misdirection on Wolfe's part because
 * Kavorka Man: Severian is ugly, often misogynistic, and, you know, a professional torturer and executioner - but the number of women who don't seem to mind is rather staggering.
 * Maybe. Of all the things Severian might not be accurate about, his own appearance is high on the list, as frequently occurs in real life. Also, since nobody among the common people seem to have ever heard of the Torturer's Guild, as far as they're concerned he's just a wandering headsman; not really a savory occupation, but still, a professional one and an arm of the law.
 * Plus, because he's such an Unreliable Narrator, he might have lied about every single sexual encounter he has in the entire series.
 * ...which is a popular fan theory. The idea is that in Urth, male sexual promiscuity incredibly rampant. In order to establish himself as a badass Severian lied about most (if not all) his sexual encounters (which vary wildly in depiction.)
 * Language of Truth: The very "newspeak" like language of the Ascians. Possibly more of a Language Equals Thought.
 * Subverted by Loyal To The Group Of Seventeen's story.
 * Les Yay - Implied between Dorcas and Jolenta during Severian's absence.
 * The Library of Babel: Master Ultan's Library
 * Literary Agent Hypothesis: Each volume ends with a note from Gene Wolfe on the 'translation,' often with mentions of how frustratingly unclear Severian sometimes is.
 * Mad Scientist -.
 * Magic Feather - The Claw of the Conciliator. Probably.
 * Meaningful Name - Too many to count.
 * Mechanical Evolution - In The Urth of the New Sun, the mechanical humanoid Sidero is revealed to be
 * Moral Event Horizon -
 * Of course,
 * Ms. Fanservice - Jolenta is a deconstruction. Her carefully (and sometimes painfully) maintained figure is a source of inconvenience, and people hate her for being so attractive even as they lust after her. Jonas is the only one who truly and unconditionally loves her for herself.
 * Jonas has a habit of making "as the Actress said to the Bishop" like comments; they're not always bawdy though.
 * Our Angels Are Different - if they're not aliens.
 * Our Monsters Are Different - Just about every possible variety.
 * Passing the Torch -  to.
 * Prisoner of Zenda Exit - Baldanders.
 * Public Execution: Severian is a public executioner and describes some of his jobs.
 * The Revolution Will Not Be Vilified - Heavily subverted with Vodalus.
 * Robot Buddy:
 * Sealed Evil in a Can: Typhon, whom Severian accidentally releases....
 * Show Within a Show: Dr. Talos' play "Eschatology and Genesis," which is an allegory for the overarching plot of the series.
 * Space Is an Ocean: Not only are sailing metaphors used for space travelers, their crafts are actually made a lot like traditional sail boats.
 * It goes even further. Not only are ordinary sailors sometimes employed on starships, but thanks to the difficulty of travel, other planets may as well be other continents as far as most people are concerned.
 * The Spock: Severian
 * Spiritual Successor: To Jack Vance's Dying Earth stories
 * So Beautiful It's a Curse: Subverted by Jolenta - she herself enjoys being so beautiful that Even the Girls Want Her.
 * Solar CPR
 * Sufficiently Advanced Aliens: The Hierodules.
 * The Stars Are Going Out: Inverted. The sun is very dimmed and fading quickly - meaning that the others stars are now visible during the day.
 * Theme Naming: Siblings such as Agilus and Agia are intentionally given similar names, also apparently telling the order of their birth.
 * Vodalus and all characters from the city of Nessus, including Severian himself, are named after saints (though many of them little-known).
 * Those Two Bad Guys:
 * Torture Technician: The Torturer's Guild in which Severian is born and apprenticed
 * Unreliable Narrator - Severian is one of the big ones, and it is sometimes lampshaded. He claims on several occasions to have an eidetic memory - but it's quite clear that he sometimes lies outright. He also omits details that he apparently considers unimportant (or has difficulty understanding) - this extends to major events that change the course of the story.
 * Viewers Are Geniuses: They have to be to understand all of the complex etymologies, etc. used by Wolfe
 * Voice Changeling: The alzabo can perfectly imitate the voice of anyone that it has eaten. It naturally uses this to lure its victims family members out of hiding.
 * Weird Trade Union: Besides the Torturers, there are several other guilds such as Librarians and Animal trainers, as well as one of Witches, although rather than being magical, they appear more akin to a spy network.
 * Severian claims that the Animal Trainers are literally married to their animals. Fanon insists that he is merely confused as to the precise meaning of the term "animal husbandry."
 * Wham! Episode: Lake Diaturna.
 * What Measure Is a Non-Human? - one of the central themes.
 * Why You Should Destroy the Planet Earth
 * Unreliable Narrator - Severian is one of the big ones, and it is sometimes lampshaded. He claims on several occasions to have an eidetic memory - but it's quite clear that he sometimes lies outright. He also omits details that he apparently considers unimportant (or has difficulty understanding) - this extends to major events that change the course of the story.
 * Viewers Are Geniuses: They have to be to understand all of the complex etymologies, etc. used by Wolfe
 * Voice Changeling: The alzabo can perfectly imitate the voice of anyone that it has eaten. It naturally uses this to lure its victims family members out of hiding.
 * Weird Trade Union: Besides the Torturers, there are several other guilds such as Librarians and Animal trainers, as well as one of Witches, although rather than being magical, they appear more akin to a spy network.
 * Severian claims that the Animal Trainers are literally married to their animals. Fanon insists that he is merely confused as to the precise meaning of the term "animal husbandry."
 * Wham! Episode: Lake Diaturna.
 * What Measure Is a Non-Human? - one of the central themes.
 * Why You Should Destroy the Planet Earth