Avatar: The Last Airbender/Headscratchers/Bending


 * Why does waterbending have so many special subskills? Earth and Fire have Sandbending and Lightningbending respectively, Toph and Combustion Man are exceptions (which confuses me), also respectively, and Air doesn't seem to have one (also confusing), but water has healing, plantbending, AND bloodbending (or, if you lump the last two together,extracting moisture from something instead of swishing it around inside), also how does Katara pick all the moves up, they're all different martial art styles.
 * Because water is life. Incidentally, Katara never learns plantbending and healing is an innate skill which doesn't require any fancy moves.
 * It's said in-universe that water is the element of change and the most adaptable, which makes sense because from a chemical standpoint H 2 O is extremely adaptable. And, as mentioned by the troper above, for those reasons life exists. I'd also like to point out that the only plants bent were only swamp plants and seaweed; both of those have high concentrations of water.
 * The nature of subskills is really just a fan invention. In-universe, it's just a slightly different style coupled with the normal movements. Water happens to be in a lot of stuff, so there is a lot you can do with it.
 * Toph isn't an "exception" like Combustion Man, she just uses a variant style (Toph is to Earthbending as Iroh is to Firebending). So earth is as broad as waterbending, between sandbending, metalbending and seismic sense.


 * How come Azula is the only one who has blue fire? IIRC, blue fire is hotter, and Azula being a prodigy and whatnot, it would make sense for her to have stronger fire. How come none of the other firebending masters ever get blue fire? Sure, it comes in handy to seperate Zuko and Azula's fires when they are both in a fight scene, but Ozai vs Aang? They both had orange, plus, Ozai is the FIRE LORD, why couldn't he use blue fire?
 * Azula is pretty much stated to be a firebending prodigy the likes of which the world hasn't seen in a long time, and may never see for an even longer time (not exact quotes, but whatev). If Jeong Jeong or somebody else (even Ozai) just started with the blue fire, she would lose uniqueness.
 * No one said Ozai or any of the other firebending masters couldn't use blue flames. Heat doesn't completely factor into firebending combat, as it also focuses on precision, control, and force. Azula prefers to make her flames intensely hot, while other firebenders seem much more conservative in terms of raw heat output.
 * The blue fire actually does not appear to be any more effective than regular fire in and of itself, beyond Azula's own innate skill. Azula making her fire blue might be simply vanity on her part.
 * It may have a double meaning. It's to show her precise control over the element, but also the cold, calculating aspect of her personality shows through in her fire.
 * It was stated in Avatar Extras during The Chase (I think it was that one) that Azula's fire is blue because she puts more heat into it - which is also why it turns orange when she is no longer fueling it and it is left to burn on its own.
 * I assume when two earthbenders have a kid, they make another earthbender. But what would happen if, say, an earthbender and a waterbender fell in love and had a kid?
 * Probably either one or neither. Look at a Punnet Square. Red flower+ White Flower= 1 Pure red flower, 2 Red flowers with white genes, or 1 White flower. Just depends on which one is dominant. Also I know that it is a fuckton more complicated and probably dead wrong with human genetics, but it's a cartoon. This should suffice.
 * Bending is spiritual, not genetic. It would depend on the child's upbringing, personality and things like cultural indoctrination. You could have an orphaned Earth Kingdom baby raised in the Fire Nation and that child could be a Firebender. Come to think, that'd be a good fanfic premise: if that child were to find out their true parentage.
 * It's not based on the person's spiritualness, but the nation's, that determines the non-bender to bender ratio. This is why all Air Nomads are air benders.
 * You make an interesting point but evidence from the show says that only certain people can be certain benders If I'm remembering right.
 * If it's spiritual, what's to stop somebody who's not an avatar from learning the other elements?
 * The spiritual leaning appears to be mutually exclusive if you aren't the Avatar.
 * I think that it's partly nature and partly nurture. Someone who has two Earthbending parents is more likely to be an Earthbender, first because personality types (Which helps to determine bending, note that Toph is very strong-willed and stubborn, Aang is very light-hearted and playful) are partly genetic, and second because your environment and the people around you also greatly influence your personality. So, someone who would have had the potential to become a fiery, passionate Firebender who was raised in a very peaceful pacifistic home, more likely than not would have been a nonbender.
 * As Pathik, Iroh and Hue said, the differences between the elements don't exist. Anybody could theoretically learn any element, but the mental blocks are so ingrained that most people don't think that.
 * Actually I've thought about this. My theory is this.
 * 1) Bending is based on spirituality not heredity. This explains why Katara can bend but her brother, father and mother cannot.
 * 2) The reason a person other than the avatar cannot bend all the elements is because even if they can understand the philosophies behind the other elements a person, other than the avatar is simply so connected to the spiritual side of their element there's just no room for another element.
 * 3) Personality shapes the bending as much as bending shapes the personality. A person starts off with a personality that matches their bending talent but it becomes more ingrained over time.
 * 4) The reason that someone who is spiritual (like Ty Lee) couldn't bend is that it's a talent like anything else. Not everyone has it. Not everyone can create good art or play music even if they have a respect and enjoyment of it.
 * Word of Bryke states that if Aang and Katara were to reproduce, each of their children would be either an Airbender, Waterbender, or non-bender.
 * Reminder, Word of Bryke also holds that it's a * combination* of spirituality and genetics. Genetics hammers down what element you're capable of learning, while the spirit determines if you can do it. Avatar Spirit trumps genetics, however, hence the Avatar can learn all four.
 * Making a comment about your 1st point, Katara's mum could waterbend, she's the one who taught Katara to begin with.
 * No, she couldn't. There was only one Waterbender left in the Southern Water Tribe when the Southern Raiders invaded, and that was Katara. Kya only claimed to be the Waterbender to protect her daughter.
 * According to the "official" Avatar Wiki, "bending abilities are not defined genetically, but are related to one's nationality. It is unknown how some people become benders while others do not. Even with identical twins, one can be born a bender while the other is not." Whether one parent's "nationality" relates to what nation he was born into, or to where he was when the offspring was conceived/born, isn't clear.
 * Presumably what nation he was born into, since  is an Airbender.
 * Think about this: bending is heavily tied to the spirits. What if it's based on what the spirits think should happen? That would explain why all of Aang's children and grandchildren are airbenders; since the airbenders are endangered, the spirits would want as many airbenders as possible to be born. This would only be the case if the parents are different kinds of benders.
 * Tenzin is the only one of Aang and Katara's children who is an airbender.
 * Energy bending was a bit of an asspull...even for a show about spiritual magic. I could accept temporarily shutting down Ozai enough to end the war, but PERMANENTLY removing his bending? And of course it gets glossed over, as Katara should be just a liiiiittle uncomfortable he not only has this power but also used it, even if it was on a bad guy, judging by her reactions through the series to Ty Lee.
 * Except there were a grand total of two options to win the war, Kill Ozai (remember Firebending comes from the breath not the muscles, as stated in Episode 1, so no Cutting/crushing his hands off to keep him from bending, so removing it temporarily does not in anyway remove him as a threat) or remove his bending. Aang chose the path of mercy by leaving him alive and powerless, rather than dead and powerless. As for Katara, she's fighting a non-bender that can take away her only weapon while her ally was throwing sharp metal things at people, like Sokka.
 * Katara was still concerned nonetheless, of course she probably allows it under knowledge that, y'know, Fire Lord Ozai had to be stopped. The main problem is that the second option of removing his bending was the asspull, it's cheats the problem presented by giving Aang an easy way out.
 * Energy Bending might seem as an asspull, but late into season two we get some hints about this new form of bending in the episode Appa's Lost Days. If you watch from here on, there are hints about Energy Bending all over. Still there aren't enough hints to warrant an All There In The Manual, but it isn't a complete asspull.
 * Actually, I like to think of the energybending as Fridge Brilliance. Firstly, because of the hints in earlier episodes, but also the fact that in many cultures that have the four elements there aren't really four. There are five. The four plus spirit. Most people don't really acknowledge it because the fifth changes culture to culture and it's an example of What Kind of a Lame Power Is Heart. So, really this series is just another example of how heart/spirit/good will/soul beats the blatantly corrupted bad guy in the end.
 * Addtionally, Spirit is a fifth element in many cultures, including Hinduism, which ties into Aang's use of chakras. Pure Fridge Brilliance.
 * It's also Fridge Brilliance in the way it actually subverts the usual Ass Pull, in that Aang actually didn't need to use the Energy Bending at all. He already won the fight. Ozai was at his mercy. And he didn't need to kill Ozai either. There were lots of options previously shown by which a powerful Firebender could be neutralized and controlled. Iroh was rendered helpless twice by earthbenders using two different techniques. Azula was captured after her arms were chained, even though she could still firebend with her mouth, she couldn't do anything useful with it with respect to escaping. Then there was the freezer tubes used in Fire Nation prisons. Simply deposing Ozai might even have been enough. Without political power Ozai would just be a dangerous individual criminal - no threat to the balance of the whole world. Aang chose to Energybend Ozai, at considerable added risk to himself ("to bend another's spirit, your own spirit must be unbendable, lest you be corrupted and destroyed"), because he decided that was the most merciful of all these options. (Though YMMV as to whether he was right about this - given how integral bending is to a bender's self-identity, permanently removing someone's ability to bend might be equivalent to crippling a regular person.)
 * The English word "Quintessential" (a perfect example or archetype of something) comes from latin 'quinta essentia,' meaning 'fifth essence' or 'fifth element.'
 * Actually, we'd already encountered a limited form of Energybending: Aang's attempt to master the Avatar State. Remember that Energybending is basically just manipulation of one's Qi (also spelled "Chi" and literally translates to "breath"). For anyone who's familiar with Wuxia and Chinese Martial Arts in general, it's really not much of a stretch for Aang to learn how to extend the ability to manipulate his own Qi flow into the ability to manipulate someone else's. I'm pretty sure it was meant to evoke the extremely common Wuxia scene of two master martial artists standing stock still in physical contact as they try to kill or cripple each other via sheer mastery of Qi manipulation. If that's true, it's a slightly esoteric Shout Out, not an Ass Pull.
 * Agree with above. Also I've pretty much come to the conclusion that Guru Pathik's Chakra manipulation and Ty Lee's pressure points are both Energy Bending. So Aang is probably not even the only one who can or has used energy bending in the show, people just don't recognize it as that.
 * I disagree on Ty Lee, her abilities share little with Energy Bending (especially the risk of it turning against you, which is present when Aang does it with Ozai (risking being overwhelmed by Ozai's essence), and when he does it with the Guru (risking permanently blocking his chakra).
 * First poster on this became a Hypocrite at the mention of Ty Lee's name. She has zero bending power, yet she can temporarily block others' bending and in fellow non-benders' case even turn their bones to jello. So how is it that when the goddamn Avatar learns a more dramatic and permanent version of this it's suddenly unconscionable?
 * In relation to Ty Lee, she doesn't bend. Her talent appears to be something more like accupuncture and pressure points, stuff that exists in real life. Rubbing your big toe can remove headaches, because it is a type of pressure point for chi energy (or something, I could be wrong on some details), accupuncture relaxes the body through specific points of energy within the body, etc. Ty Lee's using a similar concept to block that energy, which in turn can immoblise her target and thus block their bending.
 * As you say, she is actively controlling people's energy in way of blocking it. I see this as energy bending, albeit a weaker form of it than Aang does in the finale. One does not have to be a bender of the other elements to bend energy.
 * I wouldn't even really call it bending. What it could very easily be is Ty Lee using a form similar to that of a type of bending she can't actually use. In the same way that firebenders Iroh and Zuko redirect lightning using waterbending form and aping its personality, so too is nonbender Ty Lee using energybending despite not being that type of bender.
 * What happens when the Avatar Cycle reaches the Air Nomads? Hopefully, it will be a long time before Aang dies, and after that, the Avatar will be reborn as Firebender, Earthbender, and Waterbender (I know they're probably not in order, but that's not the point), but what'll happen when it reaches back to Air? Sozin wiped out all the Airbenders, save Aang. I know chances are Aang will have children who can Airbend, but unless those children find some other Airbenders to mate with, or do something really squicky, there probably won't be any Airbenders when the cycle goes back to them. So what happens? Does it skip over them since they don't exist anymore? Or does the Avatar disappear forever?
 * If Aang could have Airbending kids with Katara, what's stopping those same airbenders from having airbending babies of their own?
 * See the genetics and Elements discussion above.
 * If Energy-Bending allowed Aang to remove someone's bending abilities, who says that he can't give people those same abilities. In theory, with the correct candidates, he could a create new Air Nomad community. The Lion Turtle briefly implies that there were no benders before the Avatar showed up, so its possible that this has happened before.
 * Also, it has been already stated in The Legend of Korra that Aang and Katara have a son who is an airbending master, the same guy who teaches Korra airbending. And that came from an airbender father and a waterbender mother. I guess hope is not all lost for airbenders. But that means the next airbender Avatar would be a descendant of Aang.
 * Why? Just because Aang taught his kids does not mean he could not instruct anyone else. I suspect the crowd at the Northern Air Temple would develop a rival style by the time the Avatar Cycle rolls around to Airbending again.
 * They can't learn airbending because they're Earth Kingdom. Tenzin and his kids are the only airbenders in Korra's time. Bending tournaments use three elements.
 * Taking from the above genetics/bending discussion, quite possibly a natural air-bender could be born to, say, Earth Kingdom parents, just because the Avatar cycle needed it. Although, the traditions of aribending would probably have been lost by then.
 * Um... genocides are really, really hard to do. In my head-canon, while most of the Air Nomads were destroyed, there were some that weren't because they wern't in the temples, and when they learned of the war they just... dissapeared into the rest of the world. It makes me happy to think so, anyway.
 * It'll be one of Aang and Katara's airbending descendants. Question answered.
 * Tenzin (Kataang's son) has 3 airbending children. There are also nonbenders called air acolytes dedicated to preserving Air Nomad culture. By the time another airbender is Avatar, the damage will be healed.
 * It kind of bugs me that it was stated by Mike and Bryan in a interview that all Air Nomads were benders, no muggles among them I guess I would have been fine with this if it were a genetic thing or something in the bending art itself which makes it easier to learn but the canon reason for this is "the high level of spirituality of their people". Which to me, although I might be over-analyzing things and ranting without serious motive, stinks of their life style/government/religion is far superior/true although they do have flaws or else the genocide wouldn't have taken place so in your opinion are they eligible for being a Mary Sue Utopia or am I just biased because of the four nations I found them the least interesting?
 * I think that civilization has a major flaw in that they keep the males and females separate. This troper reads that as the Air Nomads were hetero nominative, and related to that, they considered carnal attachment as absolutely exclusive from spirituality. Therefore, all the benders weren't born in the Air Temples (because enlightened people don't have sex) but born elsewhere, and sent away to the air temples to live and train if they showed airbending potential.
 * No, the Nomads were all airbenders. So although they kept separate temples for men and women and raised their children communally, they did have sex to produce the next generation and all their children showed airbending potential.
 * My take was different. Before the Chinese took over Tibet, all the education was in the hands of the clergy; if you wanted an education, you went to the monks (I dunno if this included girls as well). I can see the Air Nomads raising their children to five or six, sending them off to the monastary for their education, then receiving them back to marry and raise a family. A handful would be celibate and stay at the monastary to educate the next generation. I can fully see how having a teacher like Gyatso rather than that wretched Fire Nation teacher Aang had for a couple days would lead to being a more spiritual person, but not necessarily a full blown monk or nun.
 * I don't see a problem with it. Bending is using the force of nature as a weapon, so it's likely that you'd have to be a part of nature to bend. The Fire Nation relies too much on technology. They're the only nation with metal ships. All other vehicles in all other nations are made of wood, stone, and/or cloth (Earth Kingdom tanks didn't debut until Season 3). The entire Northern Water Tribe was basically carved out of an iceberg. The Air Nomads focused on living in harmony with nature. And the Earth Kingdom is too stubborn and proud to rely on technology; They're at home in the earth. As for the last sentence up there... what do you expect? There were, like 15 minutes of Air Nomad culture shown, seeing as they were all wiped out before the start of the show, and their only representative is Aang.
 * How does the Air Nomads having flaws equal a reason for the genocide taking place? I'm pretty sure Sozin didn't totally annihilate the Air Nomads simply because he though they were flawed.
 * That wasn't the reason for the genocide, Sozin knew that the next Avatar would be an Airbender, so he wiped them all out so said Avatar would certainly be too young to stop him.
 * Air Nomads are all raised as monks and so their community has very high spirituality, thus the 100% benders thing is pretty justified. The Fire Nation has the second highest percentage of benders. Their spirituality most likely stems from their intense nationalism. The Earth Kingdom is very fragmented and they seem to have only a moderate percentage of benders. The Southern Water Tribe has a grand total of 1 waterbender. Their lack of spirituality probably comes from them losing morale through all the Fire Nation raids. The Northern and Swamp Water Tribes are better off because for a long time, they were unaffected by the war; so they have a higher percentage of benders.
 * Katara is the only waterbender in her tribe for the same reason that Aang is the last airbender: all the rest were killed or taken away by the Fire Nation. The same thing is happening in the Earth Kingdom; the Fire Nation just isn't finished yet. The current ratio of benders to nonbenders in each nation is not indicative of the naturally balanced state of the world, and the Southern Water Tribe's lack of benders isn't about spirituality, just about their being a threat to the firebenders and an easier target than a fortress or a city.
 * The Fire Nation can canonically staff their army solely with firebenders. It looks like it's more about spirituality in relation to their element, which the Air Nomads could follow very closely thanks to the religiously spiritual focus of their lives, rather than being Magical Native AirNomadians.
 * Since when are spirituality and flawlessness the same? We have seen that the air nomads did stupid and selfish things as well (Aang running away, the monks giving Aang a reason to run away in the first place), yet it doesn't interfere with their bending. The way I see it, the air nomads had a population so small that their population could fit entirely into the temples. All of them grew up alongside the monks, and learned about stuff like meditation. Not to forget that the air temples contained the original airbenders, the sky bizons. The dragons were able to grant people firebending within a few minutes, and every air nomad got his very own sky bizon when they were still children, growing up alongside a natural bender.


 * It took Aang less than one year to gain sufficient mastery of the elements. Why did it take Roku twelve? Deadline pressure aside, it's still a huge difference. Even if Aang is a prodigy among prodigies and Roku was just really bad at it (neither of which is shown to be the case), one could probably expect, at most, a five-year discrepancy.
 * I don't think Aang has really "mastered" any bending except air and maybe water (Katara compares Aang to a master in one episode). He has a sufficient grasp of them, enough to know a few badass moves in each style. Roku spent the twelve years refining the skills he was being taught.
 * Correct answer. To add: In part 1 of the finale, almost everyone remarks that Aang is nowhere near mastering all the elements and still needs significant amounts of training. (Aang himself says that he "still hasn't mastered firebending", Toph adds that his "earthbending could use some work, too" and he can still be seen practicing waterbending with Katara.) Aang wanted to wait fighting Ozai until some time after the comet for this very reason. Eventually he beats Ozai only after the chakra in his back is unblocked and he is able to access (and control) the Avatar state. Otherwise he would have been in serious trouble.
 * Actually, I would consider that battle the very point where he mastered the elements. He was already a master airbender. His Earthbending with those pillars was, I would say, master level, and he used Toph's seismic sense, having learned it. Then, there was him having the ocean "catch" him while in midair. And his firebending, which was enhanced, was very potent. With the possible exception of firebending, I'd say he had a mastery over the elements.
 * According to "Avatar Extras", as of the final battle, Aang is officially the most powerful firebender in the world. Disregarding the dubiety of such a claim after having been learning it for a few months at best, if we take Word of God as fact, he's at least mastered that. Then there's the instinctive use of the seismic senses, as you said, which probably indicates mastery of earthbending. Water is never stated outright (unless I'm missing the source where it says so), but highly probable, seeing as he's been studying it for longer than the other two and seemed to have an easier time of it as well, and apparently airbenders don't get those tattoos until they become masters, so if there was any question about that one, it's pretty much official. I suppose the fact that he is a master of all the elements after less than ten months is somewhere else on this page and/or attributed to the whole reincarnation thing, so I won't get into that here...but I think we can safely say Aang has, in fact, mastered the elements. Sure, there's probably more to learn (blood/metal/lightning), but from the point he's at, that shouldn't take eleven more years.
 * Being very powerful is not necessarily the same thing as mastery
 * There's nothing really all that dubious about Aang being the most powerful firebender in the world, he's the avatar. Remember, skill does not equal power. Even in the first season, Jeong Jeong told Zhao that he had never seen "such raw power" in one person before, even though the only firebending Aang knew at the time was squatting and breathing.
 * There could also easily be different levels of mastery. And I think the phrase used in Roku's flashback was actually "fully realized Avatar" which to me means something more than just mere mastery of the four elements, but the ability to use them all at master level simultaneously, ie doing what Avatar-State Aang did without using the Avatar State.
 * Throughout the series, benders are rendered helpless by constricting their limbs, although firebenders can use their nostrils and airbenders their mouths. Aang doesn't move his limbs or use his mouth when he's using his glider, which is supposed to achieve true flight through airbending. Er, how does that work...?
 * Aang has shown on numerous occasions that he can manipulate wind without the fancy flips and what have you, additionally he should be more than able to guide the thing into air currents. If a kid in a wheelchair can do it, why can't a master airbender like Aang?
 * I always took it as needing to swish and flick in the relevant way to start up the move, but after that you just need to keep up the flow of chi for most firebending (like the breath and the fire knives/jets), most airbending (like keeping up the flow of the Rasengan-ball Aang rides or propelling oneself from gliding to true flight), and a couple of waterbending moves (like Katara's "start up a wave and just keep adding to it" move, though that seems to require the additional energy behind it to ebb and flow, even if the water and the waterbender's body don't).
 * Remember, Bumi is able to earthbend with his face. Presumably, if you're experienced enough at bending in a particular way, you can bend without needing to move your arms or legs. Aang is probably so experienced at using his glider that he doesn't need to move his arms.
 * This is supported by the fact that Azula and Ozai are both able to do their "rocket boots" flight/running thing without needing to do stances or forms. Whatever the training that involves these methods of movement, they appear to not involve moving the arms or legs, which makes sense - having to gesture to bend while moving would be problematic to your maneuverability.
 * I guess some techniques require stances and moves, and some do not, while tending to be more advanced as well. Which brings me to Azula's defeat. She's always shown to be very acrobatic and flexible; why not twist around and belch fire on the chain to melt it off that ring? Then, when the loose chain comes off, turn Katara and Zuko into black stains on the floor.
 * You MIGHT not have noticed Azula wasn't thinking straight at that moment...


 * It is implied that firebenders can bend lava. I don't remember exactly when, but there were a few 'cutscenes' in which a sillouette bended lava out of a volcano and was a firebender. Also, in part two of The Spirit World, when Roku 'posseses' Aang, he bends lava. The only other bending he ever does is firebending, so I doubt that was supposed to be earthbending. So why? Isn't it common knowledge that lava/magma is melted rock? Shouldn't earthbenders be able to do that?
 * Well, the only two people who have been seen bending lava were Avatars. For all we know, since there's no Word of God about it, bending lava might even require earthbending and firebending.
 * Confirmed by Avatar Extras.
 * This explanation makes the most sense, given the fact that the "lavabender" would probably have to use waterbending moves to control the substance. And I guess airbending would come in handy to control the smoke and toxic gases. (Hm, seems like Roku was really unlucky...)
 * Not necessarily. Katara can bend ice, water vapor, and water. So shouldn't an earthbender be able to transition from Earth to lava just as easily (not necessarily turn the earth into lava, but be able to bend it)?
 * Water is known for its mutability. Earth is not. It's not entirely unreasonable that a waterbender would be able to adapt to and even cause changes in state, whereas an earthbender would find himself unable to use something that lacks most of the qualities for which his element is known.
 * Given that both Katara and Toph can bend the slurry of rock and water during the attack on the giant drill thing at Bah Sing Se, I'd guess that both firebenders and earthbenders would be able to bend lava.
 * But this is because there was both rock and water, and it seemed as though some of the rock had "blended" with the water, like mud. Lava isn't fire and earth, it is melted earth. Ice is to water as rock is to lava.
 * Melted being the operative word. Lava is earth under a significant amount of heat. It has been shown a few times that firebenders can manipulate heat just as they can actual flames. I would even venture that that's how they can create their own fire out of the air.
 * Ehm, as far as this is concerned, if metal is earth purified by fire, and earth benders can work with the latent earth within it, and fire benders can activate the latent fire within it. Than I'd imagine something like Lava bending would be Earth tainted by fire, thus would be open to either kind. I'd imagine, given how lightning is formed (high and low pressure friction along with some other causes) then an air bender would be capable of manipulating it as well. Same for things like mud (earth marred by water), sand (earth scoured by air), cloud (water intruding upon air), etc. Thing is, don't expect the bending to work rationally/scientifically, it functions based upon chi, or energy make-up, not the physical materials it works with.
 * In that vein, since firebenders can manipulate heat (e.g. when extinguishing fires, Zuko shielding himself from the blast, Iroh heating up his manacles, etc.), then shouldn't they be able to freeze something by taking the heat out of it?
 * They can, but probably just not to the extent of freezing something with a low freezing point. Recall the flashback where Roku and Sozin are fighting the volcano. Sozin removes the heat from a bunch of lava, shooting it out away from the volcano, which renders the lava into rock, i.e. freezing it. Something with a much lower freezing point than rock is probably a lot more difficult to do.


 * So this one always bugged me, but... Earthbenders have been getting trapped in metal cages for at least the past 100 years. Furthermore, they've more than likely been trying to figure out Metalbending since the invention of metallurgy itself. So why, then, is a twelve year old girl who's been working on the problem for a few hours, tops, able to figure it out to the point of ripping a half-inch sheet of metal in two, and then kicking another one literally across a hallway, and then mastered in only slightly more than three months to the point of crafting and perfectly controlling metallic armor pulled from the floor and ceiling of a blimp.
 * Toph was only able to do it by detecting the impurities in the metal with her blind-sense thing. Sure, there may have been other blind (human) earthbenders, but maybe they just thought it couldn't be done.
 * None of them were THE GREATEST EARTHBENDER IN THE WORLD!
 * This would imply that if the metal was sufficiently pure, Toph wouldn't be able to bend it. Though since it is often the impurities in metals that provide the adjunct properties that make the metals useful for tools, this shouldn't ever be a practical problem.
 * Confirmed in
 * Toph's style is also different from traditional earthbending. Hers is based on the Mantis Style. Presumably she learned this from the badger moles, which puts her closer to the pure art of earth bending in the same way that Zuko's lessons with the dragons taught him true firebending.
 * When lecturing Aang on chakras Guru Pathik explains that metal is merely earth that has been refined, so the concept of metalbending was at least theoretically known. Whether anyone before Toph had ever been skilled enough to put that theory to practical application is unknown, though the fact that the Sequel Series The Legend of Korra has an entire metalbending police force would seem to imply that metal bending isn't that difficult to learn once the style has been invented, so Toph probably was the first.
 * Toph isn't bending the metals, but the impurities within it. To bend something, you need to know where it is. Since the impurities are in the metal, most earthbenders don't know what exactly to target. Toph however, can find the impurities using her unique style.


 * In the season one episode "Imprisoned" it's made clear that earthbenders need earth around them, otherwise their bending skills are useless. Waterbenders need water around them to bend it and Aang is, of course, always surrounded by air. These three always need their specific element around them to be able to do anything. How is it that firebenders are the only benders who can pretty much create fire out of thin air? I know, Rule of Cool. But... it just bugs me.
 * Presumably Firebenders need air around them as well, as Oxygen is needed for combustion reactions to occur. The best example I can think of this is Azula's inability to firebend when encased in Katara's ice, but as someone pointed out above, her movement was restricted as well.
 * That wouldn't be surprising. Near the beginning of the episode "The Firebending Masters", Zuko's heavily weakened fire-bending was slightly less weak at a lower elevation.
 * Or you could read it like this: Water, Air, and Earth are all abundant in nature, and, since they have definite mass, always exist in some way, shape or form (ie. Earth might take the form of dirt, sand, mud, etc.). But fire, on the other hand, is not. It is energy formed by a chemical reaction. You can't have fire that stays lit without something to burn and something to ignite it. So, even though Water, Air and Earthbenders need to have their element of choice around them, it isn't a problem, since all 3 are abundant and easy to find. Firebenders, on the other hand, have an element that must be created through ignition anyway, so why shouldn't it make sense that they can create it themselves?
 * Also to point out, each of the other three elements in their natural state match a state of matter (Earth-Solid, Water-Liquid, and Air-Gas). Fire, therefore, is logically the fourth form of matter, plasma, which doesn't exist passively and only by creation (naturally in lightning or the like, or man made).
 * Firebenders learned by watching dragons breathe fire. I assume that at first, they could only breathe it, and eventually learned to shoot it from their hands.
 * For Firebenders, it's just about gradually igniting their own body heat. In a few episodes, it's implied that young firebenders-in-training have to do breathing exercises to help them master this.
 * From the Avatar wikia: "Firebenders use their internal body heat as a source of their bending to create fire. This facet of Firebending is in sharp contrast to the other bending arts, which manipulate already present representations of their element (though Firebenders can control or enhance flames nearby). Unlike other bending disciplines, Firebending has few defensive moves aside from blocking and dodging, although master Firebenders are able to create walls of fire to absorb incoming attacks or shoot down incoming projectiles."
 * Body heat comes from oxidative metabolism in cells, which is fire, burning food. Firebenders do have to have a source of their element nearby in order to bend. They're just lucky in that the source is found inside their own living bodies. ("Fire is life.")
 * It's also been shown that firebenders are able to manipulate heat. Maybe firebending is just projecting heat outwards in the form of flames? In that case, firebenders would only need heat(which would mean they are powerless at 0 degrees Kelvin. Just like anything else anyway). And as said in the link, even the body itself is a source of heat. On the other hand, lightning is made of plasma, so maybe it's a combination of binding heat and plasma?
 * It probably has something to do with how each bender's nation learned how to bend. Earthbenders learned from the badgermoles and they bend the earth around them, Airbenders learned from the sky bison and sky bison bend the air around them, and waterbenders the moon which moves the tides, from that logic if fire bending comes from dragons they produce there element within themselves which is probably why they don't technically bend fire so much as produce it.


 * Why doesn't someone try to learn all the elements if they aren't the chosen one? It's not like you can't. Are people really that set on only knowing one? Is it some social way of thinking? Also, what makes the Avatar so special? It seems like that test just chooses a random baby.
 * See above speculation about bending being partially genetic, partially spiritual. And it's not like there's too much communication between the nations anyway. And the method of choosing the Avatar is actually based on a real-life ritual, I believe the one to choose the next Dalai Lama. Children are brought into a room full of toys and are told to choose from them. The next Dalai Lama is the child who picks the same set of toys the Dalai Lama chooses in every life.
 * Additionally, it's not just a social convention, it's most likely a literal impossibility. After all, reason does hold that people would have attempted it in the past. This troper always theorized that rapid evolution manifested in genes favoring bending specialization which conveniently matched the nationality of the user.
 * Yeah, we've seen spiritual people in the series who haven't been able to master all the elements (Iroh, Ty Lee, the Guru.) I think the most a bender can do is learn techniques used by other benders, like Iroh learning how to redirect lightning from waterbenders.
 * Individual Avatars always find the element opposite to their birth element in the cycle very hard to learn (Aang had great trouble with Earth, Roku had a lot trouble with Water). Aang also had trouble with Fire in the sense that it was dangerous for him, and quite possibly other Avatars would find the third element in their cycle tricky/dangerous in some way too. It might not be theoretically impossible for anyone to learn more than one element, but mastering all four might be practically impossible to do in a single human lifetime for anyone who doesn't have access to the accumulated wisdom of all his/her previous lives, like the Avatar does.
 * Also, isn't the Avatar the representation (AKA Avatar) of the earth? And the Earth has all Four Five elements?


 * If Waterbenders can control the temperature of their water, then how come the people they freeze in cubes of ice don't die from hypothermia/lack of breath/ etc? Also, how come no waterbender ever thinks to use "scalding water" attacks?
 * Correct me if I'm wrong, but when have waterbenders ever controlled the temperature of their water? As in made some random body of water hotter or colder? This is not to be confused with their ability to change the state of water. What waterbenders do is intrinsic to the water itself, not any object it touches. Ergo, people frozen in ice aren't killed because the water itself is being manipulated, as opposed to just feeding energy to the whole thing. The water is being frozen around them without actually reducing the temperature of it in the conventional sense. Rather, the process actually causes molecular bonds to form per the bender's will while reducing the amount of energy in the system all at once.
 * The above answer makes no sense. Changing the state of water, by definition, means changing the amount of energy present, which would result in a change in temperature or pressure. Wikipedia has a more detailed explanation, but the bottom line is that the statement "The water is being frozen around them without actually reducing the temperature of it in the conventional sense" violates the definition of phase changes. Also, adding energy to ice makes it turn to water, then gas (the above post implies the opposite).
 * I meant to say "taking" energy, just forgot to fix it. Bear in mind that they're already violating several laws of physics. Let me put it this way. It is possible for water to exist in a gaseous state without being heated to boiling. Clouds, for example, though that's a whole mess of factors. Benders can cheat the energy requirements. What they're doing is controlling the molecular bonds of the water. Ergo, water becomes gas because they break the bonds, and that energy is applied to the bonds only. Conversely, they're forming molecular bonds to create ice, and the person would no more freeze to death than you would for stacking ice on your chest. Granted, they would get cold rather quickly with that much ice around, but that's beside the point. The energy being either applied or removed from the system is not being applied to the person, only the water, and at such a rapid pace that there is no time for the water to leech energy through contact before it's already changed state. It's been a while since I've gone through the whole series, but hypothermia takes a bit to set in. So does suffocation for that matter. I don't think they've ever been trapped for such extensive periods that they'd be irreparably harmed for the effort.
 * I would guess that the waterbenders are creating a polymorph of water, similar to Kurt Vonnegut's Ice IX, which is solid at or above room temperature and pressure. You could even explain the suffocation method in this fashion - the polymorph makes the ice highly permeable to oxygen in specific, or air in general.
 * Remember Imprisoned? Haru and Tyro were able to take several chunks of coal and make them into one solid boulder. Likewise, and Earthbender is able to turn a boulder into dust. A similar principle is used here.
 * There probably is a "scalding water" technique but we hadn't met anyone who could do it.
 * Probably for a very good reason. This is a Kids show, so slow painful death by scalding water is out.
 * It's Wuxia. People are Made of Iron in these settings.
 * I don't think waterbenders really control the temperature of the water. If a waterbender is using ice and gets interrupted mid-bend by chi-blocking or similar, the ice melts instantaneously. If a waterbender was controlling the temperature, it shouldn't melt like that. I think when using ice they hold the molecules in a rigid shape, and that results in what we see as ice.


 * Why, when Toph and Katara are trapped in the wooden cell, does she use her sweat to escape when a more plausible source of water is urine, which they both would likely have in much greater quantity than sweat. I know it's a kids cartoon, but it just bugs me they didn't pop a squat instead of running in place.
 * Because they didn't think of it, obviously. Katara wasn't like "ha ha ha, no cage can resist my sweat", she was dumbfounded until the Eureka Moment when she wiped from forehead.
 * They were only in the cage for a few minutes and they were already sweating from the heat, so clearly they just never got desperate enough to think of urine. Really, this complaint is far more appropriate when applied to Hama's backstory. You'd think she and her fellow imprisoned waterbenders would have tried bending urine long before she discovered bloodbending. How on Earth could fire nation prison guards reliably prevent their charges from soiling themselves and attacking them with the waste? For that matter, what prevents them from bending the water they're given to drink? Yes I know, the guards bound the prisoners' limbs before giving them water, but we've seen Katara bend water right of Aang's lungs so bending it out of their own stomachs should be doable, and they could always just force themselves to vomit if they had to. Guarding waterbender prisoners has got to be the worst job ever.
 * Well it's up there, but being Azula's keeper would be no picnic either. (Ni-i-i-ce crazy lady. I'm just here with your breakfast--Ow!!)
 * Maybe someone did try it, and was killed with fire before she could do anything. Hama was able to escape because she controlled the guards. If she had just tried to waterbend a small amount of external fluids, the guards would have seen it and shot her.
 * Hama said herself that any sign of resistance was met with "cruel retribution." So it sounds like the Tailor Made Prison isn't the only thing keeping the waterbenders there, but also psychology as well. If you really start to pick it apart, the prison really wouldn't be all that effective by itself in holding waterbenders, see above urine example. However, when combined with fear of the guards, a feeling of crushing despair, and the general hopelessness that came from being unable to bend effectively, it would make an effective prison indeed. Think about it, to any bender, their greatest source of pride, self-esteem, and feeling of worth and accomplishment would come from their bending abilities. Denying them that, even mostly symbolically, would be a cruel and effective form of psychological torture. If you really think about it, it makes the prison even more Nightmare Fuel than it already was. No wonder Hama was insane. See also some of the discussions about Aang taking away Ozai's bending and how "humane" it really was.
 * The guards probably only gave the prisoners the bare minimum amount of water needed to survive so they couldn't spare any of it to attack without dying of dehydration, and as a result they didn't have enough energy to fight effectively with their urine, or enough urine to do more than annoy the guards even if they did. I'd imagine at least a few of them tried it anyway, but their weak attempts were easily defeated and the punishment they received was enough to discourage the rest. Not to mention, living in a state of near-dehydration for years would be torturous and incredibly demoralizing.
 * Also, why did Toph not simply try to bend the earth under the building? She knows it's there, and earlier episodes have established she can still bend earth when standing on wood.
 * Bending seems to require a line of sight to the object being bent. A normal earthbender probably could have bent the earth underneath them through the bars of the wooden cage, but Toph, who "sees" via earth-transmitted sonar, is effectively helpless if she's not in direct physical contact with the ground. This is why her shoes don't have soles. Because the wooden cage kept her from touching the ground, she couldn't "see" it, and thus couldn't bend it.
 * The Problem with that is: Toph can sense earth she's not in contact with. It is outright stated in Avatar Extras. If she could only bend rocks directly through her feet, she wouldn't be able to bend the dust she had kicked up in the arena and wouldn't have so accurately dealt with the savage-themed Earthbender that swung down from above with a large rock. Contrast the guy from above with the vulture-wasps, that didn't have rocky material on them and caused her trouble. Also, a sighted person wouldn't be able bend the earth through visibility, either, because the ground wasn't visible. This episode, the creators probably just forgot, kind of like they forgot that Toph didn't need exposed eyes in Bitter Work (but this time, goofing up some plot).
 * Actually when she senses rock/earth under her in most situations, it tends to be direct to other earth or in contact with some derivation of earth (which was discussed in context of her style above). That aside, the wood probably provided a barrier to the bending forces.
 * Fire. How is it that it has enough force to break rock?
 * Firebending is more than just normal fire, it's explosive and concussive force.
 * Don't forget heat and electricity generation. Firebending has a bunch of loosely connected elemental abilities keep it balanced with the other bending arts. If firebending couldn't break through rock, firebending would be completely inferior to earthbending, which would break the plot.
 * Fire is nothing more than thermal energy being directly transferred. Sudden, swift and intense direct energy transfer into an object can cause violent, explosive combustion, if you're pumping enough thermal energy into it. If the fireballs are shattering stone, its simply because the firebender in question is slamming so much energy into the stone in an instant that it's exploding.
 * Regular fire probably couldn't, but it's implied Bended fire is somehow different--Sokka's plan to use bomb-fire to open the door failed. Mysteriously. Thus, Bended fire can do more.
 * Its explicitly shown that bended fire has concussive force in the finale, when Jeong-Jeong uses bended walls of flame to hurl the Fire Nation tanks into big piles.
 * When Toph covers herself in that rock suit of armor while sparring with Aang, why does she leave her eyes exposed?
 * Because she can.
 * No, seriously, because she can. I bet Toph got a kick out of Aang only being able to see her blank gray eyes staring at him. Toph's been willing to poke fun at and emphasize her blindness before when she thinks its funny, so this more subtle but no different.
 * Actually this was addressed in the Avatar Art Book where they show a sketch of Toph in her rock suit that leaves her mouth and nose exposed instead of her eyes. It had a description saying they originally planned to animate it this way, since she would need to breath and not see, but forgot when they actually got to it. Probably, the animators changed it a mix of Rule of Cool and forgot she was blind.
 * She probably left her eyes uncovered because she was sparring with Aang, who isn't blind. She was trying to teach Aang Earthbending at the time, so it would make more sense to show him techniques that he can actually use.
 * Assuming there's enough space behind the helmet to allow air circulation, it actually makes some sense to put the opening away from her mouth - besides the psychological effect. She may have decided that, in case anything went wrong, she'd rather risk injury to her already useless eyes than risk a cut lip and broken or knocked out teeth.


 * Firebenders are rendered powerless during a solar eclipse. This implies they need the sun to use their power. Why can they use their power at night if this is the case?
 * Remember what causes a solar eclipse. It's not just the sun not being visible, it's the moon covering the sun. So you have the source of Waterbending blocking out the source of Firebending.
 * Consider also that waterbenders can bend when the sun is up. You know why? Because the moon still has an effect on the earth; it's just on the other side of the world at the time. In this world, a solar eclipse apparently stops a good chunk of the sunlight from reaching the earth as a whole. Not that firebenders weren't completely unable to conjure fire; they just can't make enough to be the slightest bit effective.


 * Would Firebenders bend in their sleep? Cause if so, that could make Zuko dangerous just to be around.
 * No? Why would they? Bending anything takes conscious will.
 * So do speaking and moving around, and yet people talk and walk in their sleep in Real Life.
 * There was actually a comic in Nick Magazine called Sleepbending, where Aang bends in his sleep. It was Played for Laughs, though.
 * Katara bends the iceberg in the first episode by mistake. The only reason I asked about Firebenders specifically is because the worse the other three elements could do is mess up thier room. Zuko could burn the temple down.
 * Bending doesn't necessarily take conscious will. You see many examples of people accidently bending things. Beside the Katara iceberg example, there's Aang airbending accidentally while sneezing. It seems therefore possible a firebender could firebend while sleeping. Though it is possible this might require fire to be near him, as it is likely generating fire would require a conscious effort.
 * They may fire-bend a small amount, but most likely nothing more than turning the heat up a few degrees around them. To generate any significant amount of heat, and especially to create fire, they tend to need consciousness.
 * During the Seige of the North, watch carefully when Katara, Sokka, and Yue show up to rescue Aang. Katara blocks Zuko's first attack, then his second attack fizzles out half-way to Katara when she tosses him up into the air. So sustaining an attack of real substance seems to require continued concentration, otherwise it fizzles out.


 * Ok, so they've made an (unstated) point of having Toph's style of Earthbending be different than your run-of-the-mill earthbending. This makes sense, as Earthbending is an extension of her senses. However, why then does Aang (as far as I can tell, I'm no expert) use the standard earthbending? He is not using it as an extension of himself, but he is still learning it from someone who is. Unless she went out of her way to teach him the standard version, then intended to teach him her style after he mastered the seismic sense, this doesn't make sense.
 * Actually, I believe that all the way up to the last episode of the finale, Aang always used Toph's form of bending. He never really uses the standard form save for the moves that the standard form and Toph's form have in common. This, because repeatedly throughout Season 3 you see Aang using seismic sense to earthbend (practicing with Katara and Toph during 'The Runaway', fighting the Fire Lord in the finale)
 * This troper always saw Aang's earthbending as being more of a mix of Toph's style and the standard style, which would make sense; he's taught Toph's style, but mixes in the style he's seen and watched for virtually his entire life, which is entirely possible when you understand the principles and movements of a fighting style well enough.


 * When Toph and Katara were trapped in the wooden cage, they were both wearing golden jewelry. Or something that looked like gold. So why didn't Toph bend those?
 * At a guess, the metals in them were far more refined than the steel Toph is shown to manipulate.
 * If it's gold, it's going to be soft. Soft metals are ill-suited for cutting.
 * As opposed to water? Granted, water is used in industrial cutting, but you have a LOT of water hitting the target at extremely high speed. Using solid gold blades to cut something harder than gold will work as well, if you have a lot of time and gold blades. Something like months or years of constant work to cut an ordinary pipe. Using molten gold like water, even given enough gold, presents interesting logistical issues, what with its density and the heat you need to put in it, and the fact that, through convection, you'll be warping and dilating the shape of the material being cut, whose own melting point may or may not come into play. But with the amount of energy Toph can put into it, the gold should go through wood easier than Katara's sweat, definitely. She's also demonstrated that she can reshape the metal with trivial ease, negating its being blunted.


 * Okay, so... Sozin's Comet boosts the powers of all firebenders, making Ozai that much more dangerous. I'm confused, however, on why Aang should worry about this, given that he's a firebender too, and thus the advantage the comet gives Ozai should be negated.
 * Because, unlike Ozai, he's not a skilled firebender.
 * And what about the other three bending disciplines? You know, the ones that aren't increased a hundredfold by the power of the comet? That pretty much wipes out Aang's only advantage. And it should not negate Ozai's advantage if you assume that The Comet boosts all firebending by the same magnitude . So if Aang's firebending is weaker than Ozai's it will still be weaker with the power of the comet.
 * Actually, the Extras openly state that Aang is a more powerful firebender than Ozai, and is in fact more powerful than any other Firebender in the world. However, this is mainly due to understanding the true nature of firebending, which is also the reason why, having never created fire with firebending in his life (recall that the fire he burned Katara with was started by Jeong Jeong, he just grew it with no control whatsoever) he was able to fire off a bigass fireball immediately after the dragons breathed on him. The issue, as is stated above, is that Ozai was far more skilled than him. On the other bending disciplines, though, no one is really seen doing anything with the Super Fire Bending Powah other than making their fire much bigger and more forceful. Firebending is shown to be most effective as a fighting style as tight, fast and fluid. This is why Zhao emphatically sucks against more skilled opponents like Zuko and Aang. This doesn't really render the other bending styles useless, and in fact it can be seen in the final battle: water isn't used so much, but Aang's primary weapons are not Fire, used sparingly, but Earthbending for head-to-head and Airbending for avoidance, and he puts up a damn good show considering he's up against the third most powerful firebender alive (coming in behind Aang himself and Iroh).

That said, as the previous poster said, for the bulk of three seasons most of the Fire nationals you see are soldiers, and the Fire Nation is definitely the type of place that would specifically pick out and recruite firebenders for the army specifically. It'd be expected for the military to be skewed toward firebenders in a higher proportion than the rest of the citizenry.
 * How come there's so many damn fire benders? Yes, the fire nation is discouraging other elemental bending, but it seems like any one fire nation member that's placed on screen can bend. With the other nations, it's a case of "a few can bend, others can't, life goes on". Does the fire nation just constantly reproduce with bending preference?
 * You could justify it by saying that Aang and co. are more likely to be fighting Fire Nation soldiers than drinking tea with Fire Nation citizens, so they're more likely to encounter the elite of the Fire Nation concentrated into units rather than being spread out. Alternatively you could just chalk it up to the creators needing the fights to look cool.
 * Not every Fire national is a bender. You'll notice there's plenty of soldiers who display no signs of bending ability. Generally, if you see a Fire Nation soldier who's wielding a spear, he's probably not a bender.
 * Actually, going by the number of bending-capable soldiers we see in action, both the Northern Water Tribe and the Earth Kingdom seem to employ more benders in their militaries than the Fire Nation. If nothing else, the Fire Nation seems to employ more non-benders as infantry/artillery operators/cavalry. I can count the number of non-bending EK troops I've seen in the series on one hand, and the only NWT soldier who wasn't bending water was, ironically, the prince who tried to attack Admiral Zhao With Catlike Tread. By comparison, there were countless spear-carrying mooks in the FN army and navy. This actually makes a lot of sense, considering the small size of the Fire nation when compared with the fact that they're trying to take over the entire world. They can't afford to be picky about their troops; they need boots on the ground, whether those boots are wielding fire, wrenches, or spears.
 * Firebenders are incredibly sparse. The Fire Nation has more nonbenders than benders than any other nation, but anyone that can firebend is usually enlisted in the military. This is why it seems that they fight a large number of them, but you have to consider a few things. For the most part, there are maybe 1-2 firebenders in every vehicle crew. The airships are prime example of the ratio and the value of the firebenders; most of the crew consists of mechanics and other combat personnel, with only a few benders on staff on the exposed decks for the attacks. They would seem to consist of shock troopers and specialists, and don't seem to make up the bulk of the military by any stretch.


 * If Earthbenders can bend coal, can they bend petroleum? What about wood, which is what coal was? At which stage from wood to coal does the substance become bendable? For example, is peat bendable? What about other predominantly carbon-based substances? Can an earth bender bend dry ice? CO 2? Furthermore, if sand is bendable, can glass be bended? What about calcium. Can an earthbender bend bones like he bends calcite and limestone?
 * Good question. Earth bending is usually explained as the ability to control minerals to justify people bending stuff like gemstones and materials with mineral impurities like metal, but coal isn't a mineral and earthbenders can manipulate it anyway, so who freakin' knows? Whatever logic lets them bend coal should let them control all those other things too. Glass isn't a mineral anymore so I'd say no to that one, and bonebending would seem to work by the same principle as waterbending healing does (manipulating the element present within the human body to repair it), so I'd imagine that's a standard technique employed by earth nation doctors and combat medics for treating broken bones.
 * I have developed a rule about applying real-world science to bending: don't. Bending is based off eastern mysticism; trying to apply science to it just results in headaches. My definition of earthbending is, "If it's not alive, and can be found naturally in the earth, it falls under earthbending." They can bend coal because it's earth, they cannot bend wood because it's not earth (and it's a living thing). they can't bend processed metal because it's not naturally found in the earth, and the same goes for man-made glass too. Going by this definition, then yes, earthbenders can bend oil, because it's also a natural part of the earth.


 * Why would the fire nation assume that by restraining Bumi he can't bend? ALL THREE OTHER TYPES OF BENDERS can bend with their faces or by breathing, why assume earthbenders would be the only exception?
 * He might be able to bend, but they thought it would be in limited capacity. Yes, Katara can melt the water--if her breath is hitting the water. Iroh can breathe fire--if whatever he wants to burn is in front of his mouth. Ditto Aang and his sneezebending. If you restrained any of them, they wouldn't be able to do much outside of line of sight pushing with their element direct from their mouths. Bumi, however, demonstrated the ability to bend almost as well with his face as he did with his whole body, which was unknown to the Fire Nation.
 * Because the method of restraint - namely, keeping the earthbender on metal and disconnecting the earthbender from the ground - has consistently been proven to be effective at restraining other earthbenders, and Bumi never does anything in sight of the FN troops to dissuade them of the notion that it's working.
 * Disconnecting an earth bender from the earth never works. When they levitate boulders, they aren't touching them are they?
 * No, but they generally are touching the ground when they do so, and when earthbenders are moving earth, they usually have their hands free to perform gestures.
 * It's possible the reason is because unlike the other three elements, earthbending is based solidly in the muscles. Even though Fire, Earth, and Waterbenders can bend their elements when they can't move, they're still directly interacting with the element itself-air in Aang's case and the water in the air in Katara's-or its direct source-Firebending draws from the breath, not the muscles. They thought that Bumi couldn't do anything similar... and in fact, they were right. He couldn't bend without moving. He could bend just moving his head, and that was the security flaw, but the Fire Nation was absolutely correct in their assumptions that you can't Earthbend without moving.
 * Which brings back the original question: Why would Earthbending be different from all the other bendings?
 * Because Earth is solid and completely external, while the others are fluid and originate from/are present within the body. Each of the elements has some differences with the others.


 * Why is bloodbending treated like it's somehow an inherently "evil" form of bending? It's true that in "The Puppetmaster" Hama uses it for evil purposes, but Katara only uses it to defend herself, yet the episode seems to suggest the mere application of bloodbending could somehow corrupt Katara, regardless of her motives for using it. Sure, with bloodbending you can control other humans, and thus it's possible to become corrupted with power (like what happened to Hama), but the same could be said of any form of bending. And plantbending works the same way as bloodbending, yet there's no suggestion it has any "evil" qualities.
 * Plants are inanimate otherwise. Bloodbending is straight up taking over someone and subverting their will while they're forced to watch you do it. It's straight up horrifying just to think about.
 * Any form of bending can be used to "subvert someone's will while they're forced to watch you do it"; for example, waterbenders and earthbenders can trap someone in ice or between rocks. Bloodbending may look more horrifying than other forms of bending because it has no visible element, but that doesn't mean it should have any inherent "evil" qualities. When Katara uses bloodbending to stop Hama, how is it different from the many occasions he uses waterbeding to trap someone in a block of ice? The end result is the same, so Katara's motives should be what matters, not the form of bending she uses.
 * Provide me with a way that Bloodbending can be used for good.
 * There's a lot of difference between trapping someone with external forces and basically taking over their body. Bloodbending is clearly pretty painful as well, while simply trapping someone in ice and rock is not. The difference is between simply restraining someone, and painfully forcing them into taking action against themselves or their own side.
 * But my point was that Katara doesn't "painfully force someone into taking action": he just restrains Hama with bloodbending, just like she restrained other people with ice. Even if this causes Hama a little pain, it shouldn't be immoral considering that she does this to save herself and her friends. (Plus other forms of bending cause a lot of pain on their targets too, yet they aren't considered inherently "evil".) And trapping someone's whole body inside ice should be very painful (possibly lethal), yet in Avatar world this doesn't seem to be case... As for bloodbending being used for good, it happens right there in "The Puppetmaster": Katara uses it to beat Hama, and if she hadn't done so, innocent people would have died. How is that not using bloodbending for good?
 * Outside of a combat scenario, how is Bloodbending going to be used for good? Earthbending lets you make buildings and reinforce structures. Airbending allows for faster travel. Waterbending has the healing thing. Even Firebending can be used to keep people warm when it's freezing cold. Bloodbending doesn't have any other use than forcing your will on people. Trapping someone in ice or water is one thing. Using bloodbending is practically kidnapping and forced labor.
 * Presumably being able to manipulate someone's blood would be useful when treating large wounds, performing surgeries, etc. In fact it seems perfectly possible that the healing waterbenders do is all about manipulating the water that's inside the human body (not just in blood but elsewhere too). How else could waterbending have the healing qualities it has? So basically Hama's version of bloodbending is just an offensive version of what the healers do.
 * How is reliable non-lethal self-defense a bad thing, anyway? Also, forcing a person from harming others is a pretty good thing, all things considered.
 * Imagine that someone or something has just torn one of your femural arteries open and you've just sprayed your first two-meter long jet of blood. Your only chance is a WB around who can bend blood, and, whether they're your friend or enemy, you know they won't put you through any sort of serious abuse. Your choices are (a) let them Bloodbend on you to keep it inside or (b) die quickly from the blood loss. You have 5 seconds to pick one.
 * Why does she need blood bending for healing? She can already do that through waterhealing. And it seems like blood bending is actually painful to those that it's used on. So wouldn't the shock of using bloodbending on them be almost as fatal as the injury?
 * Like mentioned above, it seems likely that waterhealing is merely a benevolent version of bloodbending, i.e. manipulating the water inside a human body. How else could waterbenders use their power to heal people? The reason bloodbending in that episode hurts like hell is because it's used offensively, against the natural processes of the body, whereas when it's used for healing, it would strengthen the body's natural healing capabilities. That said, based on that episode offensive bloodbending doesn't seem to cause any serious injuries to people it's used against, so it's hardly "almost as fatal".
 * The water is merely a catalyst in some spiritual process.
 * That would mean that waterbending can, besides water, manipulate some kind of spiritual "healing force", which would be odd considering the other three forms of bending can manipulate only one element.
 * Or not so odd, if it's not a seperate force but a spiritual aspect native to the water itself.
 * The thing about people getting hit by bending attacks. Why aren't victims of firebending attacks completely immolated? And why don't victims of water bending attacks at least get water up their nose, but more realistically, sending huge waves of water at somebody could drown them on dry land. As for Earth bending, I wonder why there aren't more victims of internal bleeding or smashed organs and limbs, as Jet masterfully demonstrated once. Airbending is pretty aboveboard, but it also gives me an idea: In theory, could an airbender generate a vacuum? If so, then it would be simple to shape one around a firebender's head in order to incapacitate them, as firebending is powered by the bender's breath.
 * Like in most kung-fu/wuxia movies and series, the laws of physics simply don't work the way they do in real life during fight scenes. Also, Avatar is a kids' show where (almost) Nobody Can Die, so even if the writers would have wanted the effects of bending to be more realistic, stuff like firebending immolating someone or waterbending drowning someone could never have been used.