Our Dragons Are Different/Oral Tradition

In the Book of Numbers, when the Israelites were in Negeb, they complained to God about their lack of food and water, and how tired they were of the manna. So, the LORD allowed the saraph serpents, which was a Hebrew name for an Egyptian snake, to attack the people. The term "saraph", meaning "the fiery ones" probably came from the burning sensation that the poison caused. In Isaiah 30, Egypt, in the area of Negeb, is referred to as the land "of the viper and flying saraph". The author then goes on to call Egypt "Rahab quelled". So, apparently, there were dragons (of a sort) in Egypt, or at least in the northwestern part of the country. Then again, it might also be a reference to the other religious beliefs of the area, as these serpents were a symbol of fertility in those other religions.
 * One of the dragons that Saint George fought is often depicted in art and the story itself became the Trope Maker for many Dragon stories in the west. However, one of the dragon's most unusual abilities hasn't been very popular, eye spots which disguise its eye's true location scattered about on its wings.
 * In Abrahamic Mythology, the seraphim are occasionally described as serpent or dragon like, when not being six winged humanoids.
 * The story of Saint Margaret and the dragon is usually dated to the same time as the more popular St. George legend; she's usually differentiated from the other canonized Margarets as "Saint Margaret the Virgin". She was swallowed whole by Satan in the form of a dragon and walked out alive. She's not quite as well known today, but at one point, there were nearly 300 churches dedicated to her in England alone, and the cult of Saint Margaret was quite widespread at the time the trope was probably first being forged.
 * Satan is described as a red dragon with seven heads in the Biblical Book of Revelation. His tail knocks a third of the stars out of the sky, and he spews a river from his mouths.
 * The books of Job, Psalms, and Isaiah describe the Leviathan, a creature covered in air-tight sword/spear/arrow-proof scales, wielding fire breath, and with the ability to snap iron like it was straw. In Job, it's mostly a reference to a crocodile. In Psalm 104, however, the term "Leviathan" refers to the dolphin (though, not so much in other Psalms). These same books also refer to the Rahab (or the Rehab, depending on the translation), which is a fugitive dragon from the sea.
 * There has been much discussion on the identity of leviathan. Some would say its a purely mythological beast, and others would say its a surviving prehistoric marine reptile, like a pliosaur, or mosasaur, or perhaps one of the extinct crocodiles.
 * These books mention the Leviathan and the Rahab in reference to a mythological sea monster which is said by some to symbolize primeval chaos. The Canaanite creation story describes their storm-god's victory over the Sea and it's allies, such as Lothan (their name for the Leviathan) and the dragons. In the Hebrew creation story, the creatures of the sea are not enemies of God to be fought with and hold victory over, but are God's creations awaiting His victorious command. In Hebrew literature, the sea is equated with the Gentiles, while the land is an idiom for the Israelites, themselves. In Isaiah 30, it is made clear that the Rahab is also a reference to Egypt.
 * Then there was that thing that Daniel killed. See the Beast of Revelation entry above. Daniel saw the same thing that John saw, but from a different angle.
 * One interpretation of The Serpent in the Garden of Eden before he was forced to crawl on his belly. What would you call a walking, talking snake that's at least as intelligent as humans?
 * Beowulf kills a dragon and then dies of its venom, awoken after a servant steals a cup from its treasure hoard. There's also much confusion over whether Grendel and/or his mother are dragons, ogres, demons, monstrous humans, Angelina Jolie or something else entirely.
 * The original names them "children of Cain" and mentions that the sword Beowulf uses to kill Grendel's mother was forged by giants who were related to them. So dragons no, ogres/trolls probably.
 * Except that the version that calls them "children of Cain" isn't the original, just the oldest surviving one. The original story was before the Christians came.
 * Níðhöggr from Norse Mythology gnaws on the roots of Yggdrasil, waiting to be freed and wreak destruction come Ragnarök.
 * Fáfnir, also from Norse legend (told mainly in Poetic Edda and Volsunga Saga), was a man (or giant or dwarf, depending on the source) who turned himself into an ormr, a mighty serpent or dragon that was either just wingless or entirely limbless, so that he could better guard an enormous pile of treasure. Sigurðr killed him by stabbing him to the heart through his belly, and narrowly avoided being killed by poisonous blood. Sigurðr also gained the ability to understand the language of the birds by tasting blood from the dragon's heart.-- Different from most other dragons of old literature, Fáfnir was an intelligent being who could (and did) talk, not a mere beast. Thus, Fáfnir is probably the Trope Maker for intelligent, talking dragons -- particularly via Richard Wagner's Siegfried, where the story is retold rather faithfully, and Tolkien, whose dragons Glaurung and Smaug are obviously inspired by Fáfnir. What is usually not copied is that Fáfnir could not breathe fire, only poison.
 * The medieval German epic Nibelungenlied contains an alternate version of the same legend: The hero Siegfried (the German Sigurd) kills a (purely bestial, not sapient) dragon who guards a massive treasure. When he notices that the dragon's blood makes his skin as hard as horn where it touches him, he bathes in the blood, gaining nigh-invulnerability.
 * Again from Norse myth, in the battle of Ragnarök Thor will die of the poisonous breath of Jörmungandr the World-Serpent, but only after he succeeds in slaying Jörmungandr.
 * Quetzalcoatl of the Aztec pantheon is sometimes called a dragon, despite being referred to as the plumed serpent. Most Designs show a snake with wings and 80's hair.
 * Native American myth does not technically have "dragons" per-say, but they do have very dragon-like creatures, albeit far weirder than most. For example, the Unhcegila, which looks like a giant horned snake with seven glowing spots. If you look at it, you and your entire family will die right there on the spot. But, if you manage to kill it, it gives you its crystaline heart, which will grant you your hearts desire. But it will also try and make you resurrect Uncegila, and the whole "give you your hearts desire thing" will make your life meaningless
 * The Mordiford Wyvern was killed by a convict named Carston in exchange for his freedom. Carston hid inside a barrel coated with spikes, and when the dragon tried to eat him, ended up impaling itself on all the spinities. However, its blood trickled in and poisoned Carston to death.
 * Note that there are at least four folk tales, very similar to this, from around the British Isles. For example, the Sockburn Wyrm (or Wyvern) was slain by John Conyers, who wore a set of spiky armour so that the Wyrm impaled itself while it was trying to crush him to death, and Conyers then hacked it to pieces with his falchion. The falchion with which he supposedly killed the Wyrm is still in the Durham Cathedral Treasury.
 * Then there's the Laidly Worm, where the princess is the dragon; the Lambton Worm, which grew from a creature no larger than your thumb and which laid a curse upon nine generations of its slayer's family; and the Linton Worm, whose death throes created the "Wormington".
 * In Welsh mythology, the god Dewi takes the form of a giant dragon: the western variety of course.
 * Greek myth has Jason slaying a dragon who doesn't sleep to claim the Golden Fleece.
 * The Dragon of Brno. A legend tells of a dragon that terrorized the countryside, until a butcher killed it by offering it an ox-skin sack filled with burnt lime. It's been stuffed and hung at the entrance of the town hall, where it can be seen until this day.
 * Armenian dragons, called vishaps, are numerous in Armenian mythology, from pagan times even through post-Christian times. Vishaps could control the weather and had poisonous blood, which would make any sword dipped in it fatal to the touch. They tended to live on mountains, most notably Mt. Ararat and Mt. Aragats. They're also known to shape-shift into humans in some myths. Vahagn, an Armenian god who was akin to the Armenian version of Hercules, was known as the "dragon reaper", and slayed dragons.
 * Boitata from the Brazillian folklore could also qualify, a creature which protects the jungle. It's described as a gigantic snake-like with big, brilliant eyes and either breathes fire or is made entirely out of it. Another common traits associated with it are flight, power of transformation and intelligence.
 * Babylonian myth tells the creation story of Marduk and Tiamat. Tiamat is the the dragon of chaos or the dragon of the sea. Marduk overcame Tiamat and her forces and after splitting her body into two parts, made the sky, stars, sun, and moon from one half, and the earth from the other.
 * As mentioned above, in the Canaanite creation myth tells of the storm god, Ba'al, fighting Yamm, the sea, and his cohorts, Tannin, the dragon of the sea, and Loran (or Lothan, also known as the Hebrew Leviathan), the serpent with seven heads.
 * One of the fairy tales collected by the Brothers Grimm, The Two Brothers, contains a many-headed dragon, notable in that it is intelligent and speaks to the hero.
 * While calling them "dragons" is more of a result of a convention rather than them being the same creatures, Hungarian dragons are very different from both their eastern and western counterparts. They are describd as giants with multiple heads. The number of their heads relates to the amount of power they possess as well as several motifs relating to them (the number of towers on their castle, the number of miles distance they can throw their weapons, the number of days it takes for an opponent with equal power to defeat them). They traditionally come in groups of three brothers with three, seven and respectively 12 heads, with the 12 headed brother being the oldest and most powerfull, and can not be defeated by conventional means. If there's only one dragon around, it usually has three or seven heads, and takes the role of the 12 headed dragon as the major antagonist. If regular western dragons appear in the same setting as the Hungarian variant, they will be reffered to as dragon-serpents.
 * There is also Orochi, an eastern dragon with eight heads and a body that spanned the length of a mountain range.


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