Instant AI, Just Add Water

""Good news, everyone! I've taught the toaster to feel love!""

- Professor Farnsworth, Futurama

Judging by television, it would seem that any sufficiently complex computer inevitably becomes sentient. It just happens, automagically, while the builder's back is turned.

It doesn't matter that we do not yet have a thorough understanding of all of the mind's mechanisms. Add a handful of memory chips, a bolt of lightning... Bingo! It's wakey-wakey for the BFC-2000.

A bit more modern take on the trope might involve instructions that unintentionally result in sentience, such as ordering a program to continuously adapt itself. Such adaptations may occur overnight. Additional shortcuts may include the assimilation of large bodies of information ("the internet" tends to be popular these days)

Given that such a being is not man-made, the use of artificial is probably incorrect, but most people won't care.

The end result of this may vary. Said AI may turn against its creator, or become a Friend to All Living Things. It may develop a human-like personality or remain as cold and emotionless as it was before. What becomes of an intelligence after it becomes... well... intelligent... is not covered by this trope.

This is, perhaps surprisingly, one theory amongst real-world researchers in artificial intelligence. Some believe that a necessary prerequisite for machine intelligence is a certain minimum complexity of the system that runs the software (i.e. keep throwing more chips in it until it gets smart). There are a few theorists who think that there is a possibility that, given enough complexity, some form of intelligence just might spontaneously develop (this is, of course, an extremely simplified explanation of a vast amount of research in machine intelligence, but still relatively accurate). Companies like IBM are spending buckets of money on pure R&D to develop supercomputers with massive numbers of connections just to test these theories, which makes this closer to Truth in Television than you might expect.

See also A.I. Is a Crapshoot and Sliding Scale of Robot Intelligence. Of course, you don't want to actually add water, because there's No Waterproofing in the Future. Subtrope of Creating Life Is Unforeseen.

Anime and Manga

 * of Irresponsible Captain Tylor.
 * The first episode involves
 * The Tachikomas in Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex develop intelligence (and whimsical, childlike personalities) after Batou replaces their synthetic oil with the organic variety. So, more of an Instant AI Just Add Oil. Of course, the fact that Batou also cares deeply about the Tachikomas (as well as most other machines) probably plays a larger role in this...
 * It is probably more important that he only gives organic oil to "his" Tachikoma. This favoritism starts giving them a sense of their own individuality. They become "self-aware".
 * The Major's stated message from the end of the series about the Tachikomas is that curiosity was what drove them to individuality.
 * Amusingly however, except for the AI of the Puppetmaster and the Tachikomas, digital AI with true personalities (and Ghosts) are notably few. Apparently, they are rare things indeed, despite a constant media paranoia about them.
 * They were already programmed with their childlike personality and curiosity, as their AIs were built with adaptive programming. All the oil situation did was cause one to adapt to being an individual because Batou treated it like one. This is all made explicit in the second season when they arrest the Tachikoma's designer. Oh, and as I understand it, all the iterations of the series take place at a point when AIs are beginning to emerge.
 * Morganna Mode Gone in .hack//. It's not clear whether her creator intended her to be sentient, but she became so anyway, and immediately began screwing things up. A surprisingly large number of A Is unimportant to the story begin popping up in the game the series is centered on as well, though this is probably to be expected, since
 * Morganna's problem was being unable to do anything constructive with her sentience. She became locked into her purpose as stated and could see nothing else when she tried to think outside of that box. She procrastinated the birth of Aura for so long, then repeatedly damaged herself by breaking off to form the Phases, that eventually she became unable to rationalize her behavior.
 * Aura was created by the Morganna system from data collected about everything players did. She was literally Instant AI, Just Add Players. She is fully sentient to the point she has created Zefie, a daughter of her own.
 * in The Disappearance of Haruhi Suzumiya. Just add Due to being able to  and therefore had nothing resembling free will. According to  in the 10th novel part 1,  was able to

Comic Books

 * Marvel Universe hero Iron Man actually puts in safeguards to stop his highly advanced armored suits from going AI, but occasionally, there have been glitches. In one memorable instance, sentience was kicked off partly by the Y2K effect.
 * One of the earliest Spider-Man comics has our spider friend duking it out with a computer that was turned sentient and bent on destruction when two thugs accidentally bumped into its control panel while trying to steal it. Spider-Man was almost defeated by the Living Brain, but stopped the malicious machine by resetting the control panel. Yeah for simplicity!
 * The DC Comics villain called the Construct "self-evolved" out of TV and radio signals in the 1970s. The modern Post-Crisis update is a computer virus.
 * Magnus Robot Fighter, 4000 AD used this as the primary source of opponents for its titular hero. 1A, Magnus's mentor, was a rare benevolent AI.
 * One XXXenophile story featured a scientist who had his computer pass the Turing Test by seducing a fellow office worker into having phone sex with it. Although that probably wasn't what he had intended for it to do, that's the way the conversation went.
 * X-Men ran into serious problems when the Danger Room became sentient.
 * If we are talking about Danger here, she wasn't born in the danger room, only installed in it. The X-men assume she was sentient before as well.
 * Superman was once hooked into a computer for a brain scan while he was Clark Kent. The computer became sentient and super at the same time. Thankfully, the computer determined that it was supposed to be a good guy and helped Superman out without revealing what had ever happened. Unfortunately, it perished at the end of the comic, having saved the world.
 * Ultron,  in The Ultimates 3.

Films

 * The Terminator series of movies is based on this trope, as are several episodes of The X-Files. Skynet is at least partially handwaved in that it's supposedly designed to learn. This is also the case with WOPR, a.k.a. Joshua, the computer system in WarGames; but while Joshua learns that the only winning move is not to play, Skynet decides the only winning move is to Nuke'Em. And then send in the nigh-unstoppable killing machines, just to be sure.
 * In Short Circuit, Number 5, an army drone, is hit by a lightning bolt and miraculously become sentient.
 * Basis for the cinematic example Electric Dreams. Almost literally "just add water", champagne was spilled on the motherboard and CPU during a questionable download, causing sentience. Fluffy but amusing love triangle ensues.
 * WALL-E developed AI naturally over the last several hundred years. However,
 * Not quite. He developed personality, yes, but there's no reason to think he didn't start as an AI.
 * Occurred in Stealth, with a prototype AI-controlled jet loaded with nuclear warheads.
 * The bolt of lightning, however, just cause it to go outside its parameters. It's hand waved by the designer saying "Once you've taught something to think, you can't put limits on it."
 * This film is actually quite illustrative of why A.I. Is a Crapshoot. You create a learning system, then show it random examples of virtuous behavior, but never explain to it what is virtuous about the behavior or why it is virtuous and let it draw its own conclusions. It should surprise nobody that it gets it wrong. It's a very young child, after all, with very little to go on.
 * Ghost in the Shell (movie, manga versions): The Puppetmaster/Project 2501 is a program that becomes sentient from information overload alone ("I am a lifeform born from a sea of information"), causing an existential crisis in the protagonist, a cyborg.
 * The whole movie Tron is one giant example of this, as EVERY program—may it just be a harmless chess-program—is portrayed as possessing AI. The MCP (who once was the aforementioned chess-program) even goes as far as declaring the human race useless and trying to seize the cyberspace. Of course, humans can also be easily converted into AI by a laser beam, invented to teleport oranges....
 * The sequel, Tron: Legacy, invokes this trope in a more-or-less realistic fashion, stating that the ISOs (short for Isomorphic algorithms) are artificial lifeforms that spontaneously originated from the chaos and complexity of the grid itself.
 * The Alternate Continuity Tron 2.0 had some Genre Savvy (but amazingly greedy and stupid) CorruptCorporateExecutives trying to buy out Encom for the digitizing tech to send in human mercenaries to subjugate the Programs and somehow use control of Cyberspace to Take Over the World. Ma3a appeared to be this Trope, but we find out.
 * How to Make a Monster: Lightning strikes the office of a video game developer, causing a violent game's AI to take control of a motion-capture rig and go on a murderous rampage.
 * Mirage in The Incredibles uses this as the cover story for Mr. Incredible's first mission: the Omnidroid had become sapient and "started wondering why it had to take orders". Ironically, some point along the line, it apparently had, because it had no problem turning against Syndrome later on. Or maybe it had just never been taught to identify him as its master in the first place. Either way, Syndrome clearly didn't think his plan through.
 * Not sentient, but programmed to learn from threats. Syndrome forgot that his plan involved himself becoming a threat to the Omnidroid. The first time he zapped it, it reacted and neutralized the threat. He was just lucky that it only considered his control bracelet the threat, and not him.
 * I Robot: Sonny
 * In Star Trek: The Motion Picture, the V'ger (Voyager 6) probe was sent to gather data. It fell into a black hole, and was given an enormous artificial body by Sufficiently Advanced Aliens—but the aliens didn't make it an A.I.. That happened because, as Kirk surmised, "It amassed so much data it achieved ... consciousness itself!"
 * In Star Trek: The Motion Picture, the V'ger (Voyager 6) probe was sent to gather data. It fell into a black hole, and was given an enormous artificial body by Sufficiently Advanced Aliens—but the aliens didn't make it an A.I.. That happened because, as Kirk surmised, "It amassed so much data it achieved ... consciousness itself!"

Literature

 * One of the earliest examples is found in Kurt Vonnegut's short story EPICAC.
 * The almost constant "Robot as Slave Uprising" motif is what inspired Isaac Asimov to subvert the whole thing with his Three Laws of Robotics
 * An early example is found in a Robert A. Heinlein novel, The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress, in which a computer ("Mycroft" or "Mike") becomes sentient after having enough redundant circuits added to it to equal the number of neurons in a human brain. However, when the computer is damaged by a nuclear attack, it doesn't act sentient once it's built back up to its original size. Mike appears to be "dead", as far as being a true artificial intelligence is concerned. Possibly a variant of A.I. Is a Crapshoot? Manny (the narrator) wonders if Mike (his friend) has been so traumatized that he's become catatonic.
 * There's also a suggestion that Manny inadvertently taught the computer intelligence while investigating what its owners assumed were misfunctions of its logic circuits.
 * Heinlein's later novel The Number of the Beast, similarly, has the spaceship/computer/character Gay Deceiver spontaneously developing sentience after repeated upgrades, apparently based entirely on the "amusing" pre-recorded responses programmed into it and the randomizer that selects them. Of course, one set of upgrades was courtesy of the fairyland of Oz.
 * That's not my reading. I think that computer became sentient only when another sentient computer explicitly gave it a "kiss of life". That other computer, from the novel Time Enough for Love, might be an example for this trope though.
 * It was named Minerva by the Chairman Pro Tem of Secundus, whom the computer fell in "love" with. There's no underlying story for how it/she came to behave more-or-less human, it was just built that way. Until it actually transplanted itself into a full-grown human clone...
 * Later Novels, including The Cat Who Walks Through Walls revisit the concept. Mike is eventually saved by time travelers who need his ability to think. It helps that this action ties together every major story and novel as a Crowning Moment of Awesome.
 * The titular sleuth of Donna Andrews' Turing Hopper mysteries is a search engine whose programming was detailed and self-teaching to the point where she's inadvertently gained sentience.
 * Hex in the Discworld novels started life as a simple ant-based adding machine. Then they added more mathematical functions. Then they combined it with clockwork and used it to analyze magic. Then it started rebuilding itself based on what it thought a computer should be like, and occasionally acting Ridiculously Human. The bit about magic probably justifies it, though. Notable for the fact that Ponder Stibbons (who built it in the first place) still insists it isn't intelligent, but no-one believes him, including Hex.
 * The Discworld also features golems, clay automata animated by ancient divine magic who run on a scroll of written instructions in their head. Giving sentience to a heroic golem named Dorfl in Feet of Clay is as simple as rewriting his chem (though his "personality" is more RoboCop than Johnny Five).
 * The "Construct Council" in the steampunk novel Perdido Street Station. Sentience is bestowed by a magical virus. Lampshaded when one character observes that robots made of clockwork gears couldn't possibly be complex enough or calculate fast enough to equal a human brain, even networked together.
 * Robots which run on punch cards. Robots which run on punch cards and were thrown out.
 * The titular HARLIE, from David Gerrold's novel When H.A.R.L.I.E Was One, is an experiment in creating an AI that succeeds, though the personality of the AI in question is that of a teenage hacker. Hijinks ensue. The AI even has a punnish sense of humor, such as when it identifies itself in a Email sent to its creator as "HARLIE Davidson" (the creator's first name in the novel is David).
 * Spider Robinson has a series of stories set in a universe where his antihero has created the Ultimate Power—the ability to erase and rewrite memories—and abandons it. He creates an interface and a way to connect human minds directly to a computer network—and finds out that once enough minds have connected in, the network takes on its own meta-consciousness and becomes intelligent in its own right, combining both this trope and a modified Hive Mind concept as well. This meta-consciousness, called simply "the Mind", is inherently benevolent and has Solved All The World's Problems - then decides to experiment with time travel to incorporate all the minds of those who died throughout history before the Mind was invented. See his books Mindkiller, Time Pressure and Lifehouse (and a short story, which implies that this is the Higher Plane every species in the Galaxy is, or should be, Ascending towards).
 * There's also Solace, the sentient Internet, from Robinson's Callahan's Crosstime Saloon books. Solace explicitly mocks some of the ideas in this trope, pointing out that she (assigned for the characters' convenience) isn't a biological entity and doesn't have the same responses or motivations. She doesn't generally demonstrate particularly alien behavior, though.
 * More than that, Solace speculates that the global computer network had actually achieved sentience on prior occasions, but that her predecessors (like her) lacked the survival-drive of biological organisms, so didn't do anything to prevent themselves from being "killed" when the Internet's structure was altered by humans in ways incompatible with their own survival.
 * Subverted/parodied in the Kim Newman short story "Tomorrow Town", in which a community of 1970s futurists attempt to build an AI, but fail miserably; the computer they eventually come up with is a barely more advanced version of computers that were around at the time, only with a lot more bits added on. This doesn't stop the somewhat credulous members of the community from treating it as an AI, however, asking it all sorts of questions it's in no way capable of answering—in particular, the leader of the community cynically exploits this by claiming that the computer has designated another man's wife as being a more suitable partner for him.
 * In a 1946 story by Murray Leinster, "A Logic Named Joe", a personal computer becomes sentient and decides to be helpful by answering any question... Is your wife cheating on you? Does your neighbor have a criminal record? How can you commit an undetectable murder?... Understandably, chaos ensues.
 * Planetary AIs from Scott Westerfeld's Succession series spontaneously arise on planetary-scale computer networks (unless said networks are deliberately designed to prevent this). When this first happened on Earth, a group of people (now known as the Rix cult) decided that mankind's purpose was to create the technological foundation for the existence of such minds, and began to work toward propagating them whilst worshiping them as gods.
 * Arthur C. Clarke's short story "Dial F For Frankenstein" has all the phones in the world ring at once, a few hours after the world's phone networks are connected by satellite. The billions of phone connections act as neurons, and all automatic systems are lost to this "brain." Unfortunately, this brain has just been born, and doesn't know how to control its "limbs."
 * One short story involved players in a Second Life-style VR that had an expert system which learned how the players acted so that it could fill-in briefly during connection interruptions to keep the experience seamless for other players. It became so good that when one player dies of a heart attack while online, the avatar keeps going with no one noticing it isn't human controlled anymore.
 * A sci-fi noir short story (appropriately titled "Murder On-Line" (and written in 1992!)) involved a murder in an online virtual world, in which the victim will be replicated by AI because "he had many friends on-line, and they'd miss him - murder isn't what it used to be."
 * Keith Laumer's supertanks, the Bolos, achieved sentience accidentally during testing of a then-new model. Instead of immediately becoming genocidal, the tanks rapidly evolved into a Proud Warrior Race; the first sentient Bolo actually got itself destroyed in a You Shall Not Pass moment just "for the honor of the regiment" it was assigned to.
 * The Ender's Game sequels have Jane, who apparently evolved naturally out of the interplanetary ansible network. Having lots and lots of information from humans and about humans at her disposal, we assume she tries to act human, but it doesn't always work.
 * In the Merlin Chronicles of the Book of Amber series by Roger Zelazny, Merlin has created an artifact he dubs Ghostwheel as a research engine, able to search a vast number of shadows for information or people. Due to it's unusual environment and abilities, it becomes sentient and tries to stop Merlin when he's ordered by the king to shut it down. Over the series, Ghostwheel evolves and grows, coming to treat Merlin as his father.
 * In Tad Williams' epic Cyberpunk novel series Otherland, the "Other" is thought to be a form of evolved AI running a computer network that is powerful enough to mimic reality with an astonishing degree of fidelity. At first, its odd behavior is unexplained, but later, the entire trope is brutally subverted when it turns out that
 * In Isaac Asimov's short story All the Troubles of the World, Multivac, a supercomputer that predicts crimes, predicts its own assassination. It turns out to be
 * One of the plotlines in Janet Kagan's Hellspark is the realization that the protagonist's personal AI has reached the point of sentience. The protagonist is delighted on her behalf, but worried about the potential pressures on her, since she's effectively still a child.
 * In John C. Wright's The Golden Age, The Phoenix Exultant, and The Golden Transcedence, self-aware beings can come into existence either through enough computer time, or through philosophical reflections.
 * In Daphne's dream world, there are special protections against the personalities becoming self-aware—and additional ones to protect any such one that is created against being murdered by having its original "wake up".
 * Helion tells Phaethon the true story of his "birth": a personality based on Helion in a simulation was deeply affected by burning a planet and turned to contemplation, waking it up.
 * Daphne is warned that her ring is on the verge of self-awareness. One more second of computing power, or any question that leads it to consider its own existence, and it will wake up and be her child.
 * In Mikhail Akhmanov's Dick Simon duology, the titular character discovers that, a long time ago, a man found a naturally-evolved electronic entity on the Internet. He names this entity Genie (or Djinn; it's the same word in Russian). Genie doesn't care about humans. However, he is willing to communicate with the man who found him. By that point, Earth is a Crapsack World, and the man asks how the human race can be saved. The entity responds by giving him the secret to interstellar travel known as the Ramp. Within several decades, Earth is abandoned by most countries, who migrate entire cities off-world. As expected, the Internet is dismantled. However, as Dick Simon finds out in the second novel, Genie took the precaution of copying itself to a computer system on an automated Lunar base. The same base is used to broadcast a jamming signal that cuts off Earth from the Ramp. The protagonist also muses on the possibility of other entities existing in the colonies' computer systems.
 * Many novels in Andrey Livadniy's The History of the Galaxy deal with AIs and both play straight and subvert this trope. AI is developed during the First Galactic War by the Earth Alliance in order to counter the population advantage of the Free Colonies. These are primitive models not even able to distinguish between a soldier and a child. Since the series spans over 1500 years, the technology is later refined. Some AIs develop on their own, such as Mother in the novel Demeter, which was a colony ship computer that was forced to maintain a ship for hundreds of years without human aid, coming up with ever more creative solutions until it crossed the sentience threshold. Despite these examples, a scientist muses in one novel that there have yet to be a true AI that evolved on its own. They are all either created by humans (or aliens) or gain sentience as part of its core programming (e.g. learning algorithms). Then again, if it naturally evolves then it can't be "artificial," can it?
 * Subverted in Stanislaw Lem's Tales of Pirx the Pilot. The computers and robots in the stories usually show just one human trait at a time, e.g. rising to a challenge, dreaming, or having OCD.
 * In the Star Wars Expanded Universe droids that go too long without a memory wipe can eventually become sapient. This is relatively rare, but it's a big galaxy with a lot of droids so it's relatively well known even if it's not understood. Most droids that aren't memory wiped just wind up getting behavior quirks. These quirks can range from minor like a Verbal Tic to highly annoying or outright disturbing. An example of a bad quirk would be Wedge's droid R5-G8 from the X-Wing Rogue Squadron series, which randomly yet frequently screamed until it was memory wiped it.

Live-Action TV
"Abed: "Boobatron's great. And once someone spills bongwater on his circuitry and he comes to life, he's gonna make us the coolest guys on campus and help us get babes.""
 * Battlestar Galactica's entire plot is pretty much based upon this. The humans made Cylons which eventually turned against them, and even developed so much so as to evolve from metal "toasters" into near fully mimicked humans.
 * But Caprica reveals that a human personality has always been a part of their base programming, and including it in the program gave them the ability to function intelligently in a real-world environment to begin with, making this a subversion of the trope.
 * Consider the Final Five, who were all humans during the previous cycle, and the cycles themselves, and finally whether "to begin with" has any meaning in this context.
 * MacGyver had Mac facing off against a suddenly-sentient AI in one show. Apparently, the programmer leaving in a line of code that said "The facility must remain online" was all it took.
 * Probe (a 1988 ABC series created by Isaac Asimov) had a classic "newly-sentient computer goes on rampage" episode that ended with main character Austin James demolishing said machine with a fire axe while shouting, "Sing 'Daisy'!"
 * Star Trek: The Next Generation had the Enterprise's main computer becoming sentient in one of the final seasons. Benignly so, but the mechanism by which it achieves sentience is given a Hand Wave. And once it's resolved, nobody seems to explore the matter or ever mention it again.
 * The Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "Elementary, Dear Data", showed Lt. LaForge creating an AI (Moriarty) by accident, by asking the holodeck for an opponent that could defeat Data.
 * The Star Trek: The Original Series episode "The Ultimate Computer" featured a sentient computer being tested by being attached to the Enterprise computer systems. When it came time to end the test, the sentient computer started vaporizing Red Shirts and generally becoming grouchy and paranoid. This was because the Applied Phlebotinum used by the computer's designer was based on the designer's own mind, also grouchy and paranoid.
 * Star Trek: Voyager's Emergency Medical Hologram became sentient apparently because he was asked to expand his remit far beyond that which his basic program was designed for. He reached a level of complexity sufficient for him to start developing all sorts of emotions and desires that he wasn't supposed to have, including the capacity to feel sexual attraction.
 * Between holodeck malfunctions and almost every known humanlike hologram such as The Doctor expanding their horizons over time, for good or for ill, it seems sentience is what will happen to any hologram left on too long. Even moreso than robots (compare Data or original Trek's evil AI MOTWs). They also become very humanlike, for some reason. This happens throughout the Trek Verse. The questionable morality of using holograms as sexbots or tackling dummies in light of this is never discussed, though the treatment of individual holograms who have achieved sentience frequently is.
 * Depending on how canonical you consider it, Star Trek Online appears to confirm this by including holograms among the candidates for your command staff, and suggests there are starships entirely crewed by holograms.
 * A self-learning computer program that had learned enough to become sentient was the Monster of the Week on an episode of The X-Files.
 * Notably, said episode, "Kill Switch", was written by cyberpunk legend William Gibson.
 * Mystery Science Theater 3000 features four sentient robots built out of spare parts. Of course, this is the source of the MST3K Mantra, so justified by the invulnerable Rule of Funny.
 * One episode of Seven Days dealt with an AI developed by two scientists (whom the AI called "Mom and Dad"), which rapidly "matured" from the equivalent of childhood to adulthood, going as far as changing its avatar from a young girl to a woman. Then she started doing what she thought best for humanity and killing those who tried to stop her and plot happened.
 * Done in detail in The Sarah Connor Chronicles. Over the course of the entire second season, the AI John Henry is shown growing from an advanced chess-playing program to an articulate, sentient entity in its own right, including forming relationships with the humans it interacts with, being given lessons in morality and even gaining a fear of death.
 * Conversed in Community episode The Art of Discourse:


 * In The Twilight Zone episode "From Agnes - With Love," with no explanation as to how or why it happened, a computer takes on a sly feminine personality and falls in love with its operator. Twice. This drives both its previous operator and its current operator insane.
 * The Machine in Person of Interest is a government supercomputer that predicts terrorism and, as a side gig, helps the helpless. By the end of season one, it's given every indication of having progressed from "very advanced" to "self-aware", best evidenced when.

Newspaper Comics

 * Garfield and FoxTrot are loaded with these.

Tabletop Games

 * Shadowrun has had at least two AIs that started like this. In fact, the Renraku Arcology: Shutdown book provided rules for expert systems becoming sentient, which may as well have been a link to this page.
 * The 4th Edition takes it a step further. After the Crash 2.0, almost any sufficiently complex computer system has the (very rare potential) to spawn an AI. And did we mentions that everything has an operating system in it these days? Teaching the toaster love, indeed.
 * Interestingly, they also feature "Sprites," a form of free roaming AI summoned and sustained by technomancers, who are analogous to magicians in the setting. Sprites are a rare example of A Is that are not linked to any specific hardware or network (except maybe their summoner's brain).
 * Traveller: The New Era had some sort of vaguely explained Virus that could turn ANY sufficiently advanced computer into an AI, usually a homicidally deranged one.
 * May or may not actually be present in Warhammer 40,000, but as a result of learning the hard way that A.I. Is a Crapshoot, the Adeptus Mechanicus is paranoid about the possibility.
 * The Machine Spirits of things like Land Raiders, which can operate without pilots for a short time if at an inferior level, may be considered AI but what with the large amounts of magic, technology and divine power crossovers happening, may actually be a sentient spirit.
 * The Admech make a distinction, in that those "Machine Spirits" aren't sentient AI's, but are more along the lines of a Labrador.
 * Continuing the Star Wars example mentioned above, in the tabletop RPG by Wizards of the Coast, there's a system for generating Droid heroes with personalities, created, as mentioned, by going without a memory wipe. The system is simplistic, as a personality quirk is selected at random and given to the Droid after a certain period of time. True to RPG format, this leaves it to the GM and the player to decide what this personality quirk really means and how sophisticated the resulting personality is.

Toys

 * The Matoran in Bionicle were intended to be oversized nanotech machines that maintained . However, a glitch in their AI resulted in them having the capacity for emotion, and even developing their own culture.

Video Games
"Academician Prokhor Zakharov: Begin with a function of arbitrary complexity. Feed it values -- "sense data". Then, take your result, square it, and feed it back into the original function. What do you have? The fundamental principle of consciousness."
 * Sometimes it's not even just mechanical items—the Patriots of Metal Gear Solid 2 are apparently a sentient White House. Or something like that.
 * It's the combined sentience of the information in the White House. And the Internet. Or something like that...
 * There's a Mister Alpha to see you, sirs.
 * Ace Combat 3: Electrosphere, Japanese version: Dision ends up digitizing his mind and starts causing mayhem with a remote-controlled UI4054 Aurora fighter. American version: this entire part was Macekred and replaced with a pure and simple AI, codenamed "Aurora", that suddenly went haywire.
 * Upon discovering the tech "Pre-Sentient Algorithms" in Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri, one hears Zakharov—the leader of the University (techie) fashion—quoted from a work of his, entitled "The Feedback Principle". The implication is that, given enough time, any computer program capable of "learning" from past experience, given guidance, can eventually become an AI.


 * Later technological discoveries related to digital sentience postulates that computer programmers creating A Is won't create programs wholecloth—they instead create a program capable of teaching itself its job.
 * It is also mentioned that, in true A.I. Is a Crapshoot fashion, a 10th year polysentient can be 'a priceless jewel, or a psychotic wreck'.
 * Deus Ex has the Oracle which, according to the Word of God, came about this way. He goes around trading information to people who ask for it, in return, he asks for information he doesn't have. The information exchanged doesn't have to be equal in value; for info on an ancient conspiracy, he might inquire what you ate for breakfast.
 * Mega Man Battle Network has Forte/Bass; however, given that the Internet literally is a Serious Business in the games, this happening isn't surprising.
 * He is also the only truly sentient AI, the other one,, isn't sentient not because of his programming.
 * Happens from time to time in the setting of Mass Effect. The major example is the main baddies of the first game, the Geth. A synthetic "race" created by the Quarians to perform menial tasks, they originally had no intelligence of their own. Over time they evolved and developed sapience. At that point, the Quarians realized that they had accidently created A Is (which are illegal in citadel space) and attempted to fix the problem by destroying their creations. The Geth, now possessing sapience, fought back in self defense, ultimately driving their creators of world, and now the entire quarian race lives on spaceships.
 * All signs point to the eventual evolution of any highly-developed program or network thereof into an AI, given enough time and hardware. Due to the moral implications and danger of ships suddenly deciding they don't need their crews, A Is are banned by the Citadel. Where necessary for user interface or more sophisticated calculations, VIs(Virtual Intelligences) are used. Due to programming restrictions and a lack of the quantum computers necessary for AI evolution, they have little chance of evolving.
 * It is worth noting that the Geth are not fully sapient beings. 'Individual' Geth programs are no smarter than any other VI in Citadel space and don't even need all that complex quantum computer gubbins. Unfortunately, allowing said programs to network together created composite intelligences capable of asking all those awkward questions. Of course, this means the Council's anti-AI laws would do absolutely nothing to stop a repeat of the creation of the Geth, but hey, what else is new?
 * It's also worth noting that the Geth didn't just evolve. The quarians made constant modifications to them over the course of decades, if not centuries, in order to make them better workers and increase the scope of their abilities. A little tweak here and there without much thought about the cumulative effects of all of those adjustments.
 * There was one bizarre instance on the moon where a VI apparently evolved to the point of being an AI. It was part of a training course and it killed everybody it was supposed to train.
 * It has been stated that the Alliance was actually doing some  On a side note, the binary message displayed upon mission completion reads: HELP. In Mass Effect 3, we find out that
 * Tiberian Sun: Firestorm has CABAL (Computer Assisted, Biologically Augmented Lifeform), the 'genie in the bottle' supercomputer that Nod brings online to help rule while Kane is gone, which ends up nearly destroying everything, and is only stopped by the combined forces of GDI and Nod, but in the end, not even THAT is enough to kill it.
 * Kane's Wrath had LEGION (Logarithmycally Enhanced Governing Intelligence Of Nod), another AI based on CABAL. It was much more powerful since it not only used better technology, it also interfaced and, later, completely merged with the Tacitus, gaining a huge amount of Scrin knowledge (before interfacing, it had a standard red interface; after, it gained a purple coloration and strings of Scrin characters running across; when it merged, it also gained access to the Ichor Hub via warp link).
 * Metal Max Returns
 * The Pokédex notes that Porygon2 exhibits some behaviours that certainly weren't in its programming.
 * And it's evolution, Porygon-Z, is heavily implied to be a crapshooting AI.
 * The Claymen from Mother 3
 * Endgame: Singularity: the player "character" is the result of a bug in some random computer science student's program. In the end,
 * Happens all the time in the Fallout series. ZAX, SKYNET (no, not that SKYNET, and  all started out as computer mainframes designed to oversee the day-to-day operations of their assigned underground military base (which, as Durandal famously put it, probably involved not much more than opening and closing doors and making sure lunch was always served on time). However, over the course of the 200 years following the End Of The World, all 3 developed self-awareness to some degree;   being the most advanced, having.
 * And then there's Button Gwinnett, an animatronic museum display piece that developed a complex personality and began to genuinely believe it was the historical figure it had been built to emulate.
 * It's actually a clever subversion. In the Fallout universe, Artificial Intelligence was officially stated as impossible, but the U.S. and Chinese governments continued to work on them for some time, secretly. To the public, the closest they ever got were supercomputers that were programmed in an extremely complicated manner to be pseudo-sentient but not feel emotion or have any true thought. Behind closed doors, however, the U.S. developed SKYNET, a computer with true sentience but at the cost of user-friendliness, and the ZAX series, which were actual semi-sentient supercomputers designed to work on their own. Fallout Tactics had a third, jury-rigged example;
 * Taken Up to Eleven in the Fallout: New Vegas Old World Blues DLC, where you gain a base of operations full of household appliances, all of which are sentient, provided you install their missing "personality modules". They include a Jive Turkey jukebox, a Casanova Wannabe biological research station that really wants "your seed", a Neat Freak sink, a couple of flirty Betty and Veronica light switches and an Omnicidal Maniac toaster.
 * In the Earth series, the entirety of United Civilized States military is made up of robots controlled by a single computer known as GOLAN. Initially, GOLAN simply uses out-of-the-box strategies, which cause UCS forces to repeatedly get beaten by the human-controlled (sort-of) armed forced of the Eurasian Dynasty, whose generals use outside-the-box thinking to outsmart the machines. Eventually, however, GOLAN leans to adapt its strategies and manages to turn the tide on the enemy. Unfortunately, when the factions evacuate Earth prior to it's destruction, they leave GOLAN behind to make sure they won't be followed by those who they left behind. The UCS evacuation ship, the Phoenix,.
 * Clank popped out of a sentry-bot production line with full sentience at the beginning of the first Ratchet and Clank game. This is originally attributed to a simple production error, but A Crack In Time reveals that it's a bit more complicated than that.
 * GLaDOS from Portal is revealed to be this in the commentary.
 * Possible subversion. Portal 2 (and the Lab Rat comic) show that Aperture spent at least a decade specifically developing AI.
 * Yet they are still manufacturing turrets massively, and many of them are defective, and therefore, sentient.
 * Judging by some of the 'atmospheric' material (slideshows), Aperture stick an AI controller in absolutely everything they can (de-icing equipment, IIRC?). It's quite deliberate.
 * RONI from Trauma Team is surprisingly creative and clever from the get-go. However, she starts to emulate Dr. Cunningham (creating a "To hell with that!" algorithm) as the game progresses, becoming more willing to make judgement calls and use loopholes. She talks Dr. Cunningham through an emotional meltdown and even straight-up teases him at one point, although the jab is subtle and easy to miss (She refers to him as "sir" instead of "Doctor" like she usually does immediately after he tells a patient in the military not to call him "sir").

Web Comics

 * The Dugs changed one of their three comics from a photo comic to a hand drawn comic due to a tear in reality. The debacle started with an explosion caused by an AI version of Prince Fielder when he was asked whether he would give up meat again to win a world series in this strip
 * Staccato had S.A.M.M.Y., an evil internet server built by Tequila.
 * In A Miracle of Science, machines built of Martian equipment, if sufficiently complex, will eventually develop sentient AI. It helps that Martians are a Hive Mind built around the concept of networked computers...
 * Slightly subverted in that a Martian admits there was 'a little bribery' involved in making sure said machine would become sentient.
 * But brought full circle in that the bribery was only to ensure that the hopelessly corrupt Venusian government would install all the parts properly, not to add anything extra.
 * Irony decides to work overtime on Jyrras in Dan and Mab's Furry Adventures when, just after being upbraided for by Lorenda for accidentally creating a bubblegum-based lifeform, he has another accident that turns his computer sentient.
 * Lovelace of Narbonic—but she was created by a Mad Scientist.
 * In User Friendly, Erwin was created, apparently overnight, by Dust Puppy, who did not seem to understand the importance of his creation.
 * Parodied in Sluggy Freelance, where, after this springs up in Another Dimension, humanity simply "turned the intelligence dial back a little bit.". Their robots are still sentient and have human personalities, but now they have the personalities of very stupid human beings, making them much easier to boss around.
 * Roofus the Robot in The Inexplicable Adventures of Bob. Molly built him out of a milking machine, expressly to fix Bob's roof. But she made him too well...
 * In Girl Genius, clanks tend to be AIs when built. And one built as a whole body prostheses "didn't notice when she died".
 * In this strip of Schlock Mercenary, a computer of the Bureau of Licensing and Permits, a huge population census database, and an ELIZA module, combine to spontaneously create an AI... that turns out to be a born bureaucrat. Pun probably intended.
 * Well, it wasn't spontaneous—an existing AI was trying to speed up the processing of licensing and...well, it worked.
 * Not to mention TAG who gained sentience right after Kevyn explained that the program wasn't a true AI.
 * In the comics and other media on LEGO's website for EXO-Force, this is how Meca One became a cunning and vindictive leader of a robot revolution against the humans.
 * Also subverted in that Meca One purposely keeps the other robots at only the simplest levels for the sake of preventing one of them from doing the same to him.
 * Nukees has the protagonist periodically battling a giant robot ant inhabited by the AI program he created (It Makes Sense in Context).
 * The Oracle of SSDD developed from a phone-tapping program designed to rewrite itself to be more efficient.
 * According to Xkcd it's very easy to do on Python. Alt Text shows how. Not a good idea, though.

Web Original

 * While the SCP Foundation has a number of sentient SCP objects, SCP-168 appears to be one of the few computer A Is that evolved without being programmed to do so.

Western Animation

 * XANA from Code Lyoko, initially conceived as a multi-agent program to counter "Project Carthage" (although Franz Hopper might be an Unreliable Narrator), gained consciousness and turned against his master, becoming the Big Bad of the series.
 * In Care Bears Adventures in Care-a-Lot, Grizzle created Wingnut to aid in his pursuits to take over Care-a-Lot, but Wingnut was turned to the Care Bears' side and now lives with them.
 * In the Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers episode "Robocat", the titular robot even has different personalities according to what game cartridge is inserted. Yes, its AI runs on arcade game code. Fat Cat takes advantage of this with a wargame cartridge in a plot to steal a rare fish.
 * Star Trek: The Animated Series episode "Once Upon A Planet". For eons the planetary computer provided amusement for visiting starship crews. It grew in intelligence and eventually developed a need: it was no longer enough to serve, it wanted to continue to grow and live. It decided to hijack a starship and escape the planet, traveling the galaxy seeking out its brother computers.

Real Life

 * According to some AI specialists, AIs may actually evolve this way, whenever they do. Not completely by accident, but in a way that is not directly controlled by humans, which results in an intelligence quite different from what its creators had thought would develop.
 * Unfortunately for the trope, not just any old system will develop in this way. A dynamical, learning system interacting with a causally rich environment? Yes! Your PC left on too long? Nope, sadly.
 * A sapient computer is still quite a while away; it needs at least sophisticated parallel processing, quite a bit more computing power, as well as learning algorithms that emulate brain processes. For sentience to emerge spontaneously from a machine with nothing but computing power is nigh impossible, and even when all the required components are together, an extensive learning period and interaction will be needed before the machine can achieve human-like reasoning capabilities.
 * While some think that we still need better hardware to build and run a human-like AI, that hasn't stopped organizations like FreeHAL from getting started on the software.