Background-Based System

The method of Character Customization by building the character from the ground up iteratively: for each consecutive stage of life - often from circumstances of birth - choose a pre-set bundle of abilities and traits expressed in statistics, either fixed or with minor variations ("2 ranks of any skills in group X"). The presence of background building may range from optional background "packages" that set the general tone to stage-by-stage selection of bundles that define everything.

It supposed to have (implementations and their specific uses may vary) several advantages:
 * Fast: It's important for Game Masters who need to churn out NPCs without making them faceless clones.
 * Intuitive: Character creation mechanics is encapsulated in small manageable pieces that make sense on their own.
 * Promotes roleplaying: At least, the characters are likely to be better grounded in the setting if they are for most part explicitly defined by it.
 * Not too prone to Min-Maxing: Extreme statistics are possible only as much as allowed by an extreme set of paths.

Some choices may have prerequisites, but each stage allows selection of multiple variants. Thanks to Combinatorial Explosion effect, limited choices may add up to considerable variety of the results.

This method can be used either standalone or as a layer over others, making a more free-form core Point Build System or Class and Level System more strict and less abstract in an attempt to combine benefits of generic systems that avoid arbitrary limitations and simulation model that can (and often needs to be) fine-tuned for a specific setting. It by definition limits versatility of free-form systems, but can be made exactly as flexible as the designer wants it to be. Prestige Class concept approaches the same general goals (or at least supposed to) as customized add-ons to the set of more generic base classes.

Tabletop Games

 * Burning Wheel "Lifepaths".
 * Fading Suns in later editions adopted "Lifepath System". See a web supplement and mention of the system being updated in new core books on FASA site.
 * The original Traveller had an extreme version of background generation: it simulated a Player Character's entire young and middle adulthood, complete with a career with dice rolls before you got to your first moment of play, resulting in the skills you needed to survive, the savings you accumulated (if any), and any equipment you'd acquired. One bad side-effect: It was possible for a character to die during character creation, before you ever got to play him.
 * Stars Without Number has an option of character generation with skill packages: generic Background Package of 4 skills + class-dependent Training Package of 8. Each raises a given set of skills, some give advantages of having cross-class skills without spending extra points or overlapping sets, which raises skill cumulatively (it's better than point-buy due to diminishing returns: the point cost for raising 1 skill to "professional" level is the same as raising 3 to "trainee"), and of course thematically close packages tend to overlap more (e.g. with Soldier background, Mercenary training allows to improve all 4, any other Warrior path up to 3). All choices have "Adventurer" packages that allow to pick only 3/4 as many skills, but some are completely arbitrary and the rest selectable from a wide range.
 * Warhammer 40,000 RP all use the homeworld or origin and other factors (varying per game line) to determine starting traits and abilities.
 * Dark Heresy adds to that starting set from Career (Character Class), possibly with Alternate Ranks, Background Package (unusual origin or early occupation), Elite Advance Packages (paths opening by story circumstances, such as surviving possession and being exorcised or being an active participant of some secret society) and Cell Directives (specific Ordo or task group training) for Acolytes of the Inquisition, and then there's mechanics of Elite Advances (unique opportunities taken with GM's case-by-case approval, like learning a relevant skill while working closely with someone who uses it).
 * Rogue Trader has a graph for "Origin Path" (that can be traversed from either end, of course): Homeworld - Birthright - Lure of the Void - Trials and Travails - Motivation - Career (Character Class), with each step giving 2-3 choices depending on the previous. An "Intersection" (the same option chosen for more than one character in the party) the players may use to generate shared background element (e.g. Vengeance applies to the same enemy). Also, there are substitute options in the later books.
 * Only War runs with military unit perspective, so the starting advancements and Aptitudes set (profile of advancement costs) are defined by the regiment's basic type, commander's attitude (serving under a Hot Blooded lead-by-example commander, rigorous military scholar with little initiative or glorified mailman is not going to be the same), Training and/or Equipment Doctrines. Then class (guardsman or support specialist) and Speciality (which occasionally can be changed, but not often and not for everyone).
 * Dungeons & Dragons
 * 3.5 Unearthed Arcana options include Background generation, tying in with related options (reputation and contacts).
 * Forgotten Realms had AD&D2 sourcebooks Wizards & Rogues of the Realms, Warriors & Priests of the Realms and Demihumans of the Realms with local kits. 3.x sourcebooks (starting from Campaign Set, Races of Faerûn and Player's Guide) use "Character Region" (it's not just geographical area, but a specific culture there) which adjusts the rest of generation - known languages, flavour Regional Feats available only at character creation, specialization for skills and Favoured Classes.
 * 5th Edition finally makes this standard for character creation. Each background gives you various proficiencies (all give 2 skills, some give language and tool proficiencies as well), some basic items and a perk that varies wildly in usefulness. Most gain instant respect from or knowledge of some part of society (like commoners, priests, nobles), but Hermits just gain knowledge of a location and Guild Members have to pay for their perk of the guild covering certain costs.

Video Games

 * System Shock 2 character generation gives 3 fixed stages of career path, 3 choices on each. Each pass gives a piece of background with corresponding stats boost and skill or psionic power.
 * Liberal Crime Squad makes the player answer a series of chronologically-arranged multiple-choice questions on character creation, starting from birth and ending in the character's present circumstances at the start of the game.