The Exotic Detective

The Exotic Detective is a detective who has some unusual quality that is important to their personality. While being a private detective is an unusual profession to most people, an Exotic Detective is one that has some very exotic trait that almost defines them. This will often take the form of a major character flaw of some kind.

This falls into two broad subtypes:
 * 1) The detective has an odd trait (such as a strange sickness or an unusual profession or background) that is "exotic" both to readers and to other characters. (For example, TV's Monk, who has OCD and multiple phobias.) Sometimes their background will be used to justify their crimefighting skills(as with Chesterton's, Father Brown who noted that priests had a lot of experience with sin from hearing confessions all day).
 * 2) The detective is seen as ordinary by other characters; their "exotic" trait is that they exist in a setting that is unfamiliar to readers or regarded as an unusual setting for a detective story. (For example, Brother Cadfael, a medieval monk who solves crimes, or Yashim in Jason Goodwin's The Janisary Tree, who is a Court Eunuch in the last days of the Ottoman Empire.)

Common Types

 * Kid Detective
 * Magician Detective
 * Vampire Detective
 * Occult Detective
 * Little Old Lady Investigates
 * Defective Detective

See also Bunny Ears Lawyer, Amateur Sleuth, and Interdisciplinary Sleuth.

Anime

 * Detective Conan: Conan is a a Teen Genius-turned-pre-Teen Genius.
 * L from Death Note. Pretty much everything about him, from the way his face looks, to the way he sits, to the way he picks things up, is just a little bit off.

Comic Books

 * Batman
 * the DC Verse has a lot of these, eg The Question, John Constantine
 * More in line with the general idea of the trope, back when mystery comics enjoyed some modest popularity DC published stories featuring Detective Chimp, scientific investigator Darwin Jones, Roy Raymond: TV Detective, nautical detective Captain Compass, and occult debunker Dr. Thirteen.
 * A fair number of superheroes also like to have detectives as their alter ego, e.g. Martian Manhunter, The Spectre, etc.
 * The Green Lantern Corps is basically the police for the entire universe, and of course, they're all green.
 * Marvel Universe Exotic Detective appear to be grouped by area of expertise (i.e. powers.)
 * Dr. Strange is the mystic detective.
 * Tony Stark and Reed Richards take care of any "hard" science mysteries on the west and east coasts, respectively.
 * Alien races tend to take care of medical mysteries through advanced science.
 * Charles Xavier is the psychic detective (psychic as in when others are struck by mysterious psychic attacks, not like real life psychic detectives.)
 * Nearly every time traveler is involved in a mystery about why their past is different from the current past. (e.g. the time traveling detective.)
 * Detectives in Sin City are never normal.

Film

 * The Great Mouse Detective.
 * DOA: The fella has to solve his own murder! While he's still alive!

Literature

 * Hercule Poirot, an extremely eccentric Funny Foreigner. Also within the books, Ariadne Oliver's Finnish detective. She then loudly complains to Hercule that she wishes she had never invented him, because she knows nothing about Finland and people are constantly writing to her to tell her that Finns don't do that.
 * The protagonists of The Name of the Rose: detectives in a medieval monastary.
 * Sherlock Holmes, especially if you consider what he's like when he isn't a detective.
 * The Persian in The Phantom of the Opera is so defined by his nationality that he has no other name given.
 * Lord Peter Wimsey, who is an English aristocrat who detects for a hobby.
 * Sano Ichiro: Sano Ichiro himself, who's a Samurai Detective in the Edo era.
 * Lord Meren is the Eyes of Pharaoh, a nobleman and royal spymaster in the court of Tutanhkamun.
 * Amelia Peabody and Radcliffe Emerson, Egyptologists who detect because their path is littered with the bodies of murdered tomb robbers, spies, etc.
 * The Jane Austen Mysteries, which have -- well, Jane Austen as a detective. It's surprisingly believable.
 * Charlie Chan
 * The Howling Detective written by Gate Dragon for 2008's NaNoWriMo. A werewolf private investigator operating in a Fantasy Kitchen Sink version of Detroit, MI and taking jobs from both Muggles and other "mythical" folk.
 * Eric Garcia's Anonymous Rex series of novels, mysteries based in a world on the premise that the dinosaurs didn't die out and are living among us in secret. Starring Velociraptor sleuth Vincent Rubio.
 * Harry Dresden, wizard PI and crazy-awesome badass.
 * Isaac Asimov
 * R. Daneel Olivaw is a Robot Detective
 * Wendell Urth, an extremely agoraphobic detective who solved cases brought to his attention without ever leaving his home. For added exoticness, the crimes themselves often occured In Space!
 * Nero Wolfe is slightly less of a shut-in, but extremely reluctant to leave his home. Which is also home to a collection of rare orchids.
 * Boris Akunin's Sister Pelagia one-ups all your clerical detectives by being a late 19th century Russian Orthodox nun (and a church school teacher to boot). Did I mention that she is assisted and supervised by a bishop?
 * Sister Fidelma in the books by Peter Tremayne is a 7th century Celtic Church nun, who is also a lawyer of the Irish courts. Oh, and she's a member of the Munster royal family, and married (the Celtic Church allowed this) to her Watson, who's a Saxon.
 * Lord Darcy, an investigator in a world of magic.
 * Glen Cook's Garrett, whose name is almost certainly a Shout-Out to Lord Darcy author Randall Garrett.
 * Erast Fandorin: Erast, especially after his first three books, fulfills both types of this trope. From the point of view of a modern reader he's in an alien setting (nineteenth-century Russia), and from the point of view of his contemporaries he's unusual because of the time he spent in Japan and the way it influenced him.
 * Thomas Carnacki of Carnacki, the Ghost-Finder.
 * Alan Gordon's "Fools Guild" mysteries, beginning with "The Thirteenth Night", feature Theopolis, a jester during the 12th century. Theopolis was in fact Feste, the fool from Shakespeare's "The Twelfth Night".
 * GK Chesterton's Father Brown is a crime-solving Catholic priest, as is Ralph McInerny's Father Dowling.
 * Marcus Didius Falco, a detective in Ancient Rome.
 * The Hangman's Daughter by Oliver Potzch about a detective who is the daughter of a hangman. The author was the descendant of a family of executioners who wished to stick up for his ancestors and remind us that they were human.

Live Action TV

 * Monk
 * Ironside: A detective in a wheelchair.
 * Life: The main character, Charlie Crews, went to jail for murder, but was recently acquitted. He's also a millionaire. And he's Zen (or at least Zen-ish).
 * Law and Order Criminal Intent: There is definitely something different about Detective Goren. That something being, probably, a mental problem that should be treated. It is partially an act. When asking questions he uses his size to control the space in the room and seem as intimidating as possible without seeming overtly hostile. Outside of interrogations he's a bit off but not quite crazy.
 * Angel acted like this every once in a while for the first 2 seasons of his show, as he had to play private eye to figure out who he was supposed to beat up with his vampire powers/how to best beat them up.
 * For that matter, there's a whole sub-genre of Vampire Detective Series. Probably the best known is Forever Knight.
 * The short-lived Blind Justice featured a detective who was blind, as did the '70s series Longstreet.
 * Many '70s detective shows had this, including Barnaby Jones (he's old!), Cannon (he's fat!), and McCloud (he's a cowboy!).
 * Others were marked as "exotic" by their ethnicity, including Columbo (Italian), Kojak (Greek), and Banacek (Polish).
 * Philip of Kamen Rider Double has the semimagical ability to access all of the world's information. A rather useful skill for detective work. His partner Shotaro might apply as well, considering that the two of them can become a Kamen Rider.
 * Spoofed on Boy Meets World when Eric notices the popularity of this type of character and pitches a detective show called "Good Looking Guy" to his father, complete with a theme song.
 * Pie in The Sky is about a policeman who is trying to retire and spends as much time running the restaurant he is retiring to run as he does fighting crime.
 * Gregory House, arguably a "medical detective".
 * The Mentalist's Patrick Jane, while technically merely a 'consultant', probably qualifies as a 'consulting detective' in real terms. And is more than a slight bit odd. At least when you consider he's a little bit sociopathic and has apparently decided that being nice to other people unnecessarily (by his standards) is a waste of his time.
 * The main character of Pushing Daisies is an Amateur Sleuth who can raise the dead.
 * Odo from Star Trek Deep Space Nine is the only Shape Shifter in the quadrant, making his job quite a bit easier.
 * Carrie Wells of Unforgettable has hyperthymesia, which allows her to perfectly remember everything she experiences.
 * Walter Sherman and his compulsion to find in The Finder.

Radio

 * That Mitchell and Webb Sound has Detective Tortoise, whose quirk is that he's a tortoise, a fact he makes sure to remind the witness of constantly. Partway through it's revealed that this is not true. His real quirk is apparently that he's a human being who believes, and has somehow convinced his colleagues, that he's actually a tortoise.

Video Games

 * Sly Cooper
 * Raidou Kuzunoha vs. the Soulless Army has a teenage detective with the ability to see and control demons and use them to influence moods and read minds.
 * Ace Attorney
 * Everyone in the series has some odd quirk and the detectives are no exception. Gumshoe's probably the most normal of the bunch.
 * Miles Edgeworth, the titular investigator in Ace Attorney Investigations. He's a prosecutor, not a detective, but somehow he winds up solving all the mysteries by himself anyway.
 * Interpol Agent Shi-Long Lang, from the ambigiously Asian country of Zheng Fa, has a slight fixation with wolf metaphors and themes.
 * The Dead Case: In this online flash game you play a ghost who solves his own murder.

Western Animation

 * Hanna-Barbera reveled in this in The Seventies.
 * The Scooby Gang of Scooby Doo
 * Inch High Private Eye
 * Captain Caveman
 * Hong Kong Phooey
 * Clue Club
 * The Question on Justice League