Alfred the Great



"A sea-folk blinder than the sea Broke all about his land, But Alfred up against them bare And gripped the ground and grasped the air, Staggered, and strove to stand...

''He broke them with a broken sword ''A little towards the sea, ''And for one hour of panting peace, ''Ringed with a roar that would not cease, ''With golden crown and girded fleece Made laws under a tree."

- G. K. Chesterton, The Ballad of the White Horse

Alfred the Great was one of the most venerated rulers in British history, the only one to received the title "The Great." He was born the fifth son of Aethulwulf, king of the obscure, semi-civilized Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex (roughly, southwestern England from about Berkshire to Devon). He took the throne after the death of his father and brothers. During his reign, he held off the Viking invaders. He also was helpful in standardizing the laws and customs of the realm and encouraged learning. He even personally wrote commentaries on ancient literature. His small realm was to become the cornerstone of what is now Great Britain.

And what's he remembered for? Burning some cakes. Typical...


 * A Father to His Men
 * Anglo-Saxons: Well, duh.
 * Back From the Brink: By the time Alfred came to power, Wessex was the last Anglo-Saxon kingdom left in England, the others having already been conquered by the Vikings, and he was forced to flee into the swamps and carry out a guerrilla campaign. By the time of his death, England was a united kingdom that would manage to resist the Vikings for another hundred years.
 * Badass Bookworm: Almost the Ur Example, being both a great scholar and a great Warrior Prince. And this was back in the days when a king was expected to be close enough to the fighting to hack and slash with the rest of the soldiers, on foot, in a primeval melee.
 * Badass Bureaucrat: Like most effective rulers he was this. Except he had too little rather than too much bureaucracy to deal with. In fact he practically had to invent his own bureaucracy.
 * Badass Family : Being an early Middle Ages royal family almost demands this as those who are not badass don't rule. However Alfred's family were unusual for this. His father and brothers were certainly not wusses and his son and his daughter(in a non-feminist society obviously) were Badass s in their own right. Not to mention his grandson Athelstan who became the first true king of England. And of course The Kingdom Alfred's family founded went on to become The British Empire, so in a sense Alfred's family really did manage to Take Over the World.
 * Courtroom Antics: He had to deal with these a lot. In one interesting example of the sort of off-the-cuff tribal justice of the time, two men were felling a tree when it landed on one man and killed him. The judgment was that the whole tree should go to the victim's family (wood was valuable property at the time). A verdict with a curious rustic common sense that one can understand to this day.
 * Determinator
 * Didn't See That Coming: One for Alfred and then his Viking foes. When trying to impose a peace treaty in order to get some breathing space, Alfred realised that the usual oaths on the Christian God would mean little to those who worshipped the Norse Gods. To counter this, he got them to swear an oath on Thor instead, only for them to break their oaths once more and a fleet attacked Wessex. Things seemed bleak for Alfred until a sudden storm hit the Viking fleet, destroying it utterly and forcing them to agree to the peace treaty. Unexpected events all round.
 * Doting Parent / Happily Married : Alfred had a happy family and an affectionate relationship with his wife and children. Rather unusually for royalty which often has a tendency toward fratricide, adultery, and general unpleasantness.
 * Easily Forgiven: Alfred showed remarkable magnanimity to the Danes once he had the upper hand. Not all Anglo-Saxons were of his mind for obvious reasons.
 * Folk Hero: According to legend, Alfred agreed to watch the cakes of a peasant woman as they cooked as a payment for Sacred Hospitality. When they burnt because of his inattention, he listened meekly while she berated him.
 * Foreshadowing: He made an attempt to build ships to pursue the Vikings and crewed them with mercenaries. This had limited success and was rather pitiful. But because of this, some credit him as the founder of the Royal Navy which was later to Take Over the Ocean.
 * Founder of the Kingdom: Other Anglo-Saxon kings had styled themselves King of England before, but Alfred was the first to make it really stick, and all subsequent English monarchs (except for The House of Normandy) are descended from him.
 * Gentleman and a Scholar
 * The Good King
 * Hope Bringer
 * Kick the Son of a Bitch: The normal fate of a viking captured alive was to have his skin nailed to the church door. For some reason Saxons did not take kindly to having their children taken for slaves.
 * King Incognito: Would disguise himself as a minstrel and infiltrate Viking camps to learn their plans. The 'burnt cakes' story supposedly happened while he was in disguise for this purpose.
 * Like Father, Like Son: Alfred's son and daughter, Edward the Elder and Aethelflaed, jointly won a Curb Stomp Battle over the Danes themselves, thus making Alfred's line a Badass Family. Plus his grandson Athelstan (who often gets the title 'of England') finally united all of England.
 * The Magnificent: Alfred is the only English monarch to be called "the Great". He deserved it more than almost any other English monarch in history.
 * Magnetic Hero : This was back when government was barely above the Asskicking Equals Authority level and only kept there by strenuous effort even at times when there wasnt a great foreign invasion going on. Any king who wished to even survive under such circumstances was a Magnetic Hero.
 * Noble Fugitive: When he was hiding in the swamp and conducting La Résistance.
 * Occupiers Out of Our Country!
 * One of Us: Alfred was a nerd before the word existed. That did not stop him from being as ferocious a Warrior Prince as was seen in his time.
 * Overshadowed by Awesome: Tends to get overshadowed by King Arthur a lot, despite the seeming advantage of actually existing.
 * Real Men Love Jesus: Alfred was actually nominated for sainthood. He was turned down however because there were no miracles associated with him.
 * La Résistance
 * Rightful King Returns: When he left the swamp to engage the Vikings in a Final Battle.
 * Royals Who Actually Do Something: Besides fighting with a sword personally, he helped standardize the local law (which was contradictory, full of holes, and varying from place to place; just getting it to make sense was a lot of work) and encouraged scholarship and the recovery of lost writings (all of England at the time had just gone through many a year of Rape, Pillage and Burn). He even personally wrote scholarly works.
 * Alfred's law code has a lot of curious Values Dissonance that reflects a society that was in many ways a tribal one. For instance, a lot of it was about standardizing the wergild (blood price) for preventing feuds. The amount of wergild was rated according to the status or even (with a rather creepy sort of logic) the economic value of a given victim. Another curiousity is that the crown's protection was mainly over travellers. This in fact also has a weird sort of logic: people from nearby had their kin to look after them. In essence the laws were not new laws but the writing down and reconciling of old ones.
 * Lest one think people of old (and people in many places today) think of their reliatives only in terms of economic value, one should remember that blood-price is a face-saver. Without reliable government (or with a government like Alfred's that is just being built) each Patriarch is pressured to provide his tribe's deterrent by self-defense needs, and letting it be known that a tribe will Turn the Other Cheek implies that it is an easy mark. Taking blood-price is not an ideal form of justice, but is better than a Cycle of Revenge.
 * Alfred also demanded that every noble learn to read personally in vernacular. This not only helped found England's administrative system, which outlasted the Conquest, but perhaps helped lay a foundation for England's literary tradition.
 * The Sheriff : Not to dissimilar to the variety found in The Western, really, but the western variety at least had a well-organized state backing it up, however far away. When sea-folk arrived it was The Sheriff s job to gather a posse of peasants with Torches and Pitchforks.
 * The Storyteller: According to legend, he personally disguised himself as a bard and wandered into enemy camps to find information.
 * Unexpected Successor: Alfred's was his father's youngest son, with four older brothers. Three of those brothers inherited the throne before him, and all of them died within the space of roughly ten years, fighting against the Vikings.
 * Warrior Prince
 * Weak but Skilled: Albert was fairly sickly and may have suffered from Crohn's disease. He became a Badass Warrior Prince anyway.
 * The Wise Prince

Literature

 * G. K. Chesterton featured Alfred as the hero of his long narrative poem, The Ballad of the White Horse.
 * The Saxon Stories by Bernard Cornwell set during the Danish Invasions shows Alfred as a major supporting character, who is fundamentally benevolent, but to the cynical, danish raised Warlord narrator, comes off as Lawful Stupid on occasion. It is notable, however, that he is one of the few said protagonist (grudgingly) has genuine respect for.