Renegade Russian

How to have a Red Scare villain without insulting the Soviet Union or the Russian Federation.

The Renegade Russian, formerly Renegade Soviet before The Great Politics Mess-Up, is (or was) a member of the Soviet/Russian military, government or Secret Police. They are involved in an evil scheme, as either The Dragon or Big Bad. They may well have Communist beliefs.

However, there's one big caveat. Their actions are neither authorised nor condoned by the Kremlin. Indeed the Kremlin may well be actively trying to stop them, at the time of the Détente in particular.

This sort of villain may also be used in post-Cold War stories (usually as an ex-KGB or Russian army official gone rogue, who may or may not be trying to bring back the Soviet Union).

Note that it is also possible to have Renegade Chinese and in today's context, Renegade Middle Easterners.

Some works have also used Renegade IRA in a (mostly unsuccessful) attempt to have Western Terrorists without getting into The Irish Question.

See also The Mafiya, another popular Russian villain group. Rogue Agent is an individual version of this trope.

Comic Books

 * In an issue of Teen Titans, a Renegade Russian, who blames the USA for the death of his family, infects a young woman with a virulent plague and sends her to the US to spread it. The Russian government sends their superhero Red Star to stop her, leading to the requisite misunderstanding (and superhero fight) with the Teen Titans.
 * Batman once fought the "NKVDemon", a Russian Super Soldier when he tried killing the new Soviet leadership, starting from the bottom and going right up to Gobrachev.
 * And a few years before that, the KGBeast went against his government orders to kill ten political targets, the last one being Ronald Reagan. He was also the NKVDemon's mentor.
 * "The Crossing Line", an old Avengers storyline by Fabian Nicieza, features a group of Soviet soldiers who have decided that starting a global nuclear war would be, uh, good for the economy. Not unreasonably the Soviet government disagrees, and the official Soviet supers team up with the Avengers and Alpha Flight to take them down.

Film

 * The James Bond movie series has had a few:
 * Rosa Klebb in From Russia with Love. (In the novel she is explicitly working for the USSR)
 * General Orlov in Octopussy. He wants to do his country an unasked favour by blowing up a nuke in Western Germany, but ends up getting shot by GDR border guards before Gogol can arrest him for theft and embezzlement of Soviet state funds (to pay the terrorists).
 * Christopher Walken's character in A View to a Kill is a French milliardaire installed by the Soviets. When he goes rogue, the KGB itself attempts to get rid of him..
 * General Koskov from The Living Daylights, who tries to implicate his boss, Pushkin, as one.
 * General Ourumov from GoldenEye. Xenia Onatopp also counts.
 * General Chang in Tomorrow Never Dies was to be conveniently delayed by traffic when Beijing was to be struck by a nuke previously stolen from a British warship, whereupon he would launch a coup and take command of the Chinese government.
 * In the novelization the Chinese government sends their agent to find Chang since he stole a high-tech radar system. He is later arrested for the theft and treason.
 * Valentin Zukovsky's nephew, the captain of a nuclear submarine, in The World Is Not Enough.
 * He and Zukovsky thought they were smuggling, they had no clue about the real plan.
 * Colonel Moon, a renegade North Korean, in Die Another Day.
 * Moon does gain the loyalty of the Korean generals after the coup.
 * Ramius and his officers in The Hunt for Red October - according to their government. Ramius planned to defect with his brand new hi-tech submarine, so the Soviet Ambassador fed the US government the Renegade Russian line to get them to sink him.
 * In the novel the Americans know that Ramius is defecting and the Soviets say they are conducting a rescue mission. They say the Kremlin will not use the renegade story since it will indicate that the Soviet government has lost control of the military.
 * Telefon (1977). A KGB clerk, motivated either by Stalinist sympathies or an insane need to write his name in history, steals a list of Manchurian Agent saboteurs in the United States and tries to start World War Three. An interesting twist in that the protagonist (played by Charles Bronson) is a KGB agent trying to stop him. A further twist is that his KGB bosses neglected to inform the new Premier of these agents, so they can't just get him to inform the Americans as they'll be for the chop.
 * In Crimson Tide, the nuclear threat is from a Siberian separatist who hijacked a missile emplacement on the Kamchatka Peninsula.
 * In third The Librarian film, the main villains are these.
 * The Soldier (1982). Renegade KGB steal nuclear material and, posing as terrorists, threaten to detonate an atomic bomb in the Saudi oilfields unless the US forces the Israelis off the West Bank.
 * Renegade Middle Easterners? Sounds like Crimson Jihad.
 * General Chan Lu from the remarkably silly Battle Beneath The Earth is an example of the Renegade Chinese version.
 * The villains in Salt are a group of KGB Communist hardliners that somehow outlived the Cold War.
 * Terrorists led by Ivan Korshunov in Air Force One.
 * Given that the Klingons are Cold War analogs, the renegade Klingon commander on Star Trek V: The Final Frontier counts as a sci-fi version of this trope.
 * Inverted in Doctor Strangelove, whose villain is an American renegade who launches a nuclear attack on the Soviets without authorization.

Literature

 * A couple of examples from the Alex Rider series of books, since they draw a lot of inspiration from James Bond. Most notable is General Sarov from the third book, Skeleton Key.
 * While Dale Brown novels often use a remilitarised Russia, Act of War and Edge of Battle has explicitly ex-military Colonel Yegor Zakharov and his men.
 * Rainbow Six has Dmitriy Arkadeyevich Popov, a former KGB intelligence officer who instigates terrorist incidents on behalf of the Big Bad.
 * In the prologue to the Deathlands series about an After the End United States, a hardline communist faction called vseesozhzenie (terrible fire) tries to take out the US military and political command system by exploding three nuclear bombs in Washington D.C. during the Presidential inauguration, as a prelude to a nuclear attack. It doesn't go well.

Live Action Television

 * A few MacGyver bad guys.
 * Jake 2.0 used this.
 * 24 uses this from time to time, particularly when Charles Logan shows up.
 * NCIS has these everywhere.
 * NCIS has these everywhere.

Tabletop Games

 * The GURPS setting Technomancer has Russia in a civil war between the Federal forces and rebels led by Joseph Stalin, who was never quite dead, just sleeping and waiting.

Video Games

 * Zakharov in the video game Act of War.
 * The similarly-named Zakhaev in Call of Duty 4. Inverted in Modern Warfare 2 when we learn that Zakhaev's movement actually does take control of the Kremlin not so long after, and the second game instead makes the Bear angry again. Black Ops has Nikita Dragovich planning to disperse lethal biological agents in major U.S. cities in a plot that is hinted to be running without anyone in the Kremlin either approving or knowing the full details.
 * And again, the also-similarly-named Zaitsev in Vanquish who initiated a coup in Russia with his robot army.
 * General Alexei Vasilievich Guba from the Operation Flashpoint series, particularly the first installment, Cold War Crisis. The year is 1985 and Guba and his loyalist troops have launched an unauthorized invasion on a certain backwoods island chain sandwiched between NATO and Warsav Pact territory. They have 2 stolen nuclear SCUD launchers and intend to provoke World War Three between the East and West Bloc (because Guba is deeply disgusted by Gorbachov's perestroika and the decline of the economic and military might of the USSR).
 * Colonel Volgin in Metal Gear Solid 3, an interesting example as the Soviet Union is still around during MGS3.
 * Sergei and his daughter in Metal Gear Solid 2 probably counts, while Ocelot just pretends to be one of these
 * Subverted with the Soviet personnel in Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops: They were doing exactly what the Soviet government told them to do on the San Hieronymo Peninsula (build a missile base), and carried on with the top-secret mission while suffering all the while specifically because they thought doing the mission under the Soviet government would greatly benefit Russia. However, when Detente came, and the Soviet Union experienced a policy shift, the Soviet government screwed them over, cancelling all shipments and cutting all communications with them, not even allowing them to come home specifically because they wanted to make it seem as though the Soviet soldiers were of this trope in case the missile base was ever discovered. Suffice to say, the soldiers weren't pleased at this development.
 * In Splinter Cell and his faction of the  provide another  example.
 * Golden Eye Wii upgraded its Renegade Russians to accommodate advancing the story to 2010. General Ourumov became an under-the-table arms dealer out of jealousy toward rich, post-Soviet era oligarchs, while Xenia Onatopp is a veteran of the 2008 South Ossetia War who left the Russian army and went mercenary.
 * Older Than They Think trope as far as video game plots go, actually, particularly for Mil Sims. "Red" Russian forces bent on restoring the old Soviet system by taking control of nuclear arms and facilities in Murmansk and the Kola Peninsula have served as the plots for the original Ghost Recon game and the study combat flight sim Jane's F/A-18. Both games predate Modern Warfare by seven years.
 * Colonel Markov, General Stanisgeslov and from Ace Combat: Assault Horizon, whose coup forces against the Russian government of 2016 are called the New Russian Federation (NRF).

Web Original

 * Sapphire: Boris Rubanenko. Officially, he pledges allegiance to the Soviet Union.
 * Dr. Voronov in Blake and Mortimer.
 * Dr. Voronov in Blake and Mortimer.

Real Life

 * The group of military officers and KGB leaders who tried to depose Gorbachev in 1991.