Orbital Bombardment

Death From Above is cool enough, but can we get much higher? Yes! Consider this subtrope, for there is no higher ground than space, after all.

Perhaps a Space Battle has been won, with the defender's Standard Sci-Fi Fleet crippled or destroyed, and all that is left is for the attacker to put the defender's civilian populace to the torch. Perhaps the defender's fleet was out of position. Perhaps the defender didn't have one at all. Whichever the case, Orbital Bombardment is the practice of attacking a planet or natural satellite from space. From Colony Drops to sufficiently powerful Drop Pods to deploying Kill Sat constellations to Macross Missile Massacres nuclear or not, broadsides of Death Rays, Kinetic and Magnetic Weapons and Wave Motion Guns, and more, this trope is for when something in a gravity well needs to be destroyed and you can't spare the troop conveyance or don't want to sully your Cool Starship with the heat of reentry. At the extreme end is Earth-Shattering Kaboom, where the whole planet dies.

This trope can be used to emphasise the technological disparity of two sides in conflict. It's all well and good to say that Rock Beats Laser on the ground, but without spacelift ability, the planetbound side can't actually hurt the space-based aggressor and needs to find a different way to resolve the conflict. On the flipside, the unavailability of this can also be a plot driver. Perhaps collateral damage concerns make orbital strikes politically unpalatable, or the defenders have Deflector Shields that can block them but not the advance of ground forces, or perhaps a MacGuffin is at risk and necessitates the deployment of The Squad to retrieve it.

Film

 * Alluded to but ultimately not carried out in Aliens with Ripley's famous "I say we take off and nuke the site from orbit" line.
 * In Captain Marvel, Ronan and the Accusers are infamous for considering orbital missile strikes the solution to any problem. Torfa is subject to this, and
 * In Men in Black, an Arquillian battlecruiser enters Earth orbit and demands the recovery of the Galaxy lest it destroy the Earth. A blast fired at the North Pole serves as a "warning shot" to underscore the seriousness of the ultimatum.
 * Star Wars:
 * In The Empire Strikes Back, the original plan was to orbit Hoth with Star Destroyers, but thanks to Ozzel's screwup, the Rebels were able to get a bombardment-proof shield up. Hence the ground attack.
 * In The Last Jedi, the Resistance hurries to evacuate its base on D'Qar before the First Order obliterates it with fire from its Mandator IV-class Siege Dreadnought.
 * In Rogue One, Tarkin orders the Death Star set to "single reactor ignition", firing a blast that destroys Jedha City. The Imperial security complex on Scarif is destroyed similarly.

Literature

 * Dale Brown:
 * In Executive Intent, Kill Sats botch an attack on terrorists and accidentally kill many civilians. They later destroy a Russian fighter.
 * A large part of the conflict in Starfire is driven by not unfounded Russian fears that an orbital device that collects solar power and beams it to Earth can be weaponised.
 * In The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress, the lunar rebels take the mass driver intended to ship grain back to Earth and repurpose it to drop rocks on Earth military bases.

Live-Action TV

 * At the start of Battlestar Galactica (2004), the Cylons used orbit-to-surface nukes to commit genocide on the Twelve Colonies.

Tabletop Games

 * Warhammer 40,000: Many warships have weapons capable of destroying planetary targets. The extreme of this is the Imperium's infamous Exterminatus, which entails cleansing planets that are beyond saving with virus bombs that turn all life into highly flammable organic matter or crust-shattering cyclonic torpedoes.

Video Games

 * In Command & Conquer, GDI has the Ion Cannon Kill Sat as its superweapon.
 * In the Halo series, humanity could hold off the Covenant on the ground, but almost invariably lose in space, after which the aliens would glass the offending planet.
 * Homeworld has the infamous "Kharak is burning" scene courtesy of the Taiidan.
 * Sword of the Stars: In the backstory, a Hiver fleet chanced on Earth and started doing this, only being beaten by humanity's hasty modification of ballistic missiles for surface-to-orbit purposes. In the games proper, war usually leads to the aggressor bombarding enemy planets with its ships in tactical combat to kill off the planetary population. This can be aided by Assault Shuttles conducting transatmospheric bombing runs and plaguebearing Biowar Missiles. Surface-to-orbit missiles can fight off small early attacks for a while, but Can't Catch Up to lategame heavy fleets with proper point defense.