First Contact

Since man has known what sort of sphere we live on, we have looked at the stars and wondered: are we alone? In this vast, empty Universe, are there any other intelligences gazing up at our star from under an alien moon?

A common theme in Speculative Fiction, science fiction writers have loved to speculate for decades what that pivotal moment will be like: the day we first make contact with an extra-terrestrial intelligence. Writers have invented everything from truly Starfish Aliens to Rubber Forehead Aliens and every scenario from aggressive aliens or humans to peaceful coexistence, and everything in-between.

The name for the trope and the term itself comes from the 1945 Murray Leinster novelette First Contact. This is not the same as first contact, lowercase, which describes any first contact between two cultures.

Expect someone to make a statement or speech about what a pivotal moment this is for the human race. You may find religious fanatics who claim the aliens are devils, angels, or even gods. Unless the aliens are Sufficiently Advanced or it is Handwaved, there may be communication difficulties and misunderstandings, sometimes leading to outright war. Scientists will want to study the aliens, ofttimes without the aliens' consent. The aliens will usually be more technologically advanced, although not always more sociologically advanced.

If taking place in America, it may turn out that First Contact actually happened decades ago in Roswell, New Mexico, and that the government has been keeping it under wraps ever since.

Speculation about First Contact scenarios has led many scientists and philosophers to consider that the human race may not be ready for such contact—they often make anvilicious statements that the multitude of armed conflicts and the pollution of our own world as reasons that an extra-terrestrial lifeform may pass Earth by, which Hollywood will pick up on when they feel their movie needs a message.

Contrast with Absent Aliens. See also First Contact Math, Boldly Coming, Faeries Don't Believe in Humans, Either.

Not to be confused with a Phineas and Ferb Fanfic entitled First Contact: A Gemini Story. For the film, see Star Trek First Contact.

Naturally, this is the step between The Masquerade and The Unmasqued World.

Note that this trope only deals with an absolute First Contact occurring in the near future, not with any subsequent first contacts with other species, nor with an interstellar human civilisation making first contact.

Anime & Manga

 * In the Macross universe, First Contact occured during Super Dimension Fortress Macross between the humans and the Zentradi, which resulted in the near-total desolation of earth and the annihilation of the main Zentradi fleet in its skies. The main conflict (but not the bitterness) ends when the two sides manage to communicate and realize that they're not so different after all. Oh, and with the songs of an Idol Singer. Can't forget about that.
 * It is worth noting that the fleet destroyed during the series was not the main fleet of the Zentradi. There is no such thing, really. It was actually just one of hundreds of similarly-sized fleets that are still patrolling the galaxy locked in an endless war with the Supervision Army, who themselves are just Zentradi that served a different faction of the now-extinct Protoculture. The fact that utter annihilation could stumble upon them at any moment is the driving force behind the combined Human/Zentradi settling of every possible planet they can find in later Macross series.
 * The Gundam 00 movie, Awakening of the Trailblazer, deals with First Contact with an alien species called the ELS. The two species are so completely alien to one another that humanity mistakes their attempts at communication for hostile attacks.

Film

 * Despite the name, only a minor theme in the movie Star Trek First Contact. It serves as the event that the Enterprise must prevent the Borg from sabotaging, since it was more or less what led to the creation of the United Federation of Planets.
 * The movie ET the Extraterrestrial takes a very Disney approach to this theme.
 * Movies like Alien and Independence Day use this theme to build action/horror movies in the spirit of War of the Worlds.
 * Close Encounters of the Third Kind—especially the sequence where humans try to communicate with the UFO.
 * Mars Attacks!!
 * The Day the Earth Stood Still
 * The film Transformers has a sort-of First Contact when the explorer Archibald Witwicky discovers a slumbering Megatron in the early 20th century. Though Megatron is kept insensate, humanity gets a technological jump start from what they learn of his workings. More commonly seen first contacts take place later, when the Decepticon Blackout and his little friend Skorponok flatten a US military base in the Middle East, and the Autobots track down Archibald's descendant, Sam, and ask for an artifact from his ancestor. They learned their command of English from the Internet. Despite battling with the Decepticons in public, the Autobots are presumably covered up by the government, and they remain on Earth, in disguise, watching and protecting and waiting for their fellows to join them.
 * Contact (based on the Carl Sagan novel, mentioned below).
 * District 9 handles this in a very interesting manner. Unusually for a mainstream film, it's the humans who oppress the aliens.
 * In the Soviet cult classic Moscow Cassiopeia, humanity receives a signal from a faraway star. The Soviet government builds a nuclear-powered relativistic spacecraft and crews it with high school kids, realizing that they would be adults by the time the ship arrives. However, a stowaway sits on the engine controls and somehow accelerates the ship beyond the speed of light. Long story short, they arrive to their destination in the blink of an eye (for them, at least) and encounter an alien ship. The Captain gets into a transparent dome on the hull and tries to communicate with the Human Aliens with hand gestures. They appear to understand and reply in kind. Later, the teens use a Universal Translator they brought to teach the aliens Russian in a matter of seconds. They find out that the aliens they met are the last of their race due to a robot revolt some time ago. Only those who were in space at the time escaped. The rest were "enhanced" by the machines by having their emotions removed, thus stopping procreation (apparently, love is a prerequisite for sex). The humans offer to help the aliens retake their homeworld.

Literature
"Encyclopedia Exposita: Prepping. A very long-established practice, used lately by the Culmina amongst others, is to take a few examples of a pre-civilised species from their home world (usually in clonoclastic or embryonic form) and make them subject species/slaves/mercenaries/mentored. so that when the people from their home world finally assume the Galactic stage, they are not the most civilised/advanced of their kind (often they're not even the most numerous grouping of their kind). Species so treated are expected to feel an obligation to their so-called mentors (who will also generally claim to have diverted comets or otherwise prevented catastrophes in the interim, whether they have or not). This practice has been banned in the past when pan-Galactic laws (see Galactic Council) have been upheld but tends to reappear in less civilised times. Practice variously referred to as Prepping, Lifting or Aggressive Mentoring. Local-relevant terminology: aHuman & rHuman (advanced and remainder Human)."
 * The novel Contact by Carl Sagan deals with first contact in a relatively "hard" manner. Aliens in a system twenty-six light years distant send a radio signal to Earth - a long sequence of prime numbers. It's a palimpsest, and under it is a second message that turns out to be an audio/video signal, a repeat of the first few minutes of the first television signal broadcast strongly enough to traverse out to Vega - which, unfortunately, turns out to be Adolf Hitler's Olympic commencement broadcast. This, too, is a palimpsest, and under that is the blueprints to a machine. Even this is a palimpsest, for there's a primer buried in there telling Earth how to build it.
 * War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells
 * Ender's Game by Orson Scott Card, although in this case the contact occurred in the backstory when the insectoid aliens (colloquially termed "Buggers") sent an invasion fleet to Earth's solar system. The only interactions anyone has with them in the first novel are violent. In the epilogue and subsequent novels, it's up to Ender to make a true First Contact by being the first of his species to successfully communicate with a Hive Queen.
 * Poul Anderson's novelette The Enemy Stars deals with an accidental First Contact between a human and the aliens that save his life, and the sequel The Ways of Love deals with how humans handle the first alien beings on Earth (not well, in some cases).
 * The prequel novel to Mass Effect, Mass Effect: Revelation deals with the start of the First Contact War mentioned below in its prologue.
 * The Mote in God's Eye. Inverted in that humans have the star-spanning empire, while the aliens are trapped on one single world.
 * The Contact section of the Culture in Iain M. Banks' novels, described as the "good works" agency of that society, apart from Contact's "Special Circumstances" division, who interfere in other civilisations if it looks like they'll be trouble to the Culture. A kind of Reverse Alien Non-Interference Clause.
 * An interesting variation on First Contact occurs in The Algebraist, another of Iain M. Banks' sci-fi novels. It is mentioned that humanity - (perhaps just human genetic material) - was transplanted from Earth to a number of nearby worlds in 4051 BC. These humans were raised in an interstellar culture while Earth itself was declared off-limits. Result; by the time Earth discovered interstellar travel, Human Aliens, or aHumans outnumbered the remaining humans or rHumans by an order of magnitude. First Contact was less We Come in Peace, Shoot to Kill then What Kept You?? As a method of preventing every First Contact boondoggle ever theorized, it worked. It also annihilated all terrestrial human culture.


 * Sci-fi author Peter F. Hamilton discusses the devastating effects on the economy of an advanced alien technology in The Nano Flower and the short story Escape Route.
 * The classic short story "First Contact'' by Murray Leinster, details the dilemma of a human and alien spacecraft making first contact in space. Neither ship can risk the other following them back to their home world, so the two crews have to either destroy each other, or establish some kind of mutual trust. Of course, establishing trust means exchanging information, and should the other side prove to be hostile...
 * Ivan Yefremov's novella Cor Serpentis is essentially a one big Take That at Leinster's spin on the theme. Both Yefremov and his characters take it as extremely distasteful and, believing that no spacefaring civilization might be hostile, meet the aliens with open hands, in one of the most touching description of contact ever written.
 * Subverted with extreme prejudice in the Harry Turtledove story "The Road Not Taken", in which Earth has first contact in the form of an alien invasion.... by Aliens that are less advanced technologically than Humanity in every single aspect other than space travel. They literally attack with flintlocks and swords. It turns out that basically Anti-Gravity is ridiculously simple and most species discover it during roughly the Age of Sail. Although the ending of the story makes it appear that Humans are a Mary Sue, a sequel subverts the premise by having Humanity be the less advanced one.
 * Turtledove has also had it in some other stories: in Worldwar First Contact comes in 1942 as the result of an Alien Invasion, and in A World of Difference it's humans landing on an alternate Mars inhabited by primitive aliens in the 1990s.
 * Halo: Contact Harvest details the UNSC's first contact with the Covenant from the perspective of both human and alien characters.
 * Blindsight by Peter Watts features an interesting subversion.
 * John Ringo's Troy Rising kicks off with aliens bringing a gate for a Portal Network near Earth.
 * Infinity Beach, a 2000 science fiction novel by Jack McDevitt. The novel begins on a human colony world making a final attempt to communicate with any possible life Out There, but the conclusion appears to be that mankind is alone.
 * The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy parodies this, of course. Humanity's ostensible First Contact with Galactic civilization is with the Vogons, who are here not for chitchat but to destroy Earth to make way for a hyperspace bypass. It's subsequently subverted in at least three separate ways, which ought to be It Was His Sled by now:
 * Earth's been visited by aliens for ages, we just never realized it.
 * The Earth is actually a giant supercomputer built to calculate the Question to the Ultimate Answer of Life, the Universe, and Everything.
 * Humans are themselves Ancient Astronauts and not the originally planned sapient inhabitants of the planet.
 * In Sergey Lukyanenko's The Stars Are Cold Toys, First Contact happened during the first extrasolar jump, which coincidentally put the space shuttle near a Conclave ship. One of the crewmembers is interrogated by the aliens, and she reveals the location of Earth. She is later tried for treason but acquitted, as the defense claimed the aliens Mind Raped her. Thus humanity becomes just another cog in the ruthless Conclave regime. Slightly subverted due to humans being.
 * In Vladimir Vasiliev's Death or Glory, humanity's first contact with The Alliance takes place after the discovery of FTL travel. A Svaigh ship lands in the middle of a British city and incinerates a Special Forces team sent to it. They demand a few tons of beryllium and take off. This repeats a few times, but, for the most part, they leave humans alone. Could've been worse, as at least some of The Alliance races are known to have conquered younger races and kept them as slaves. This becomes a major plot point in the later books of the series.
 * The plot of The Sparrow is about how First Contact can go horribly wrong.
 * Anne McCaffrey's Talents series depicts humanity's first encounters with two separate alien species - the first is an insectoid race trying to exterminate humans; the second is a compatibly sentient species impressed by our ability to defeat the first and trying to ally with us against them.
 * In the backstory of Alan Dean Foster's Humanx Commonwealth universe, humans and Thranx both have first contact with the violently xenophobic AAnn shortly before coming into contact with each other, taking what might otherwise have become a violent war and turning it into an Enemy Mine situation that evolves into the two species becoming close allies.
 * In the Kir Bulychev novel The Mystery of Urulgan, first contact occurs when a small band of adventurers finds a spaceship that crashed in Siberia. The alien assumes the humans will be civilized, and shows them his technology, but all that ensues is conflict between the adventurers and attacks on the alien, who finally escapes.
 * In the Doom novels, humanity's First Contact with the aliens on the other end of Mar's teleportation network was an Imp throwing a flaming ball of snot into the crowd. It went downhill from there.
 * In The Killing Star, first contact with the aliens consists of them slamming relativistic missiles into the Earth, nearly wiping out humanity.

Live Action TV

 * The very beginning of V (both the original series and the remake).
 * Doctor Who has a few examples:
 * In the episode "Aliens of London". The Slitheen hoaxed a "first contact" situation as part of a plan to destroy the planet.
 * There have been a few real, official first contact situations on the show. None ended well.
 * There's an inversion of this in a very early episode of Farscape where the human main character finds himself crash-landing on a small alien farm and having to dodge government agents while trying to mend the spaceship.
 * Also happens on Earth multiple times throughout the show, though the first few times it was All Just a Dream. Eventually it happens for real, though.
 * The Outer Limits did several episodes based on this trope.
 * Hilariously spoofed in the comedy series Hyperdrive, most notably in the Queppu episode.
 * Most Star Trek episodes by default (particularly in Star Trek Enterprise), but the Star Trek the Next Generation episode "First Contact" deals specifically with the protocols (and problems) involved.
 * Earth in Babylon 5 has at least one truly disastrous first contact in its back story. First Contact was with the Centauri, who tried to con the silly apes. Other races seem to have had pretty bad experiences too from time to time.
 * The first contact of humans and minbari happened between two warships. Recognizing the strangers as fellow warriors, the minbari offered them the appropriate honorable gesture of greeting by readying all their weapons while keeping the shields down. It didn't work out as expected.
 * One episode deals with a probe that gives the people on the station a short amount of time to answer various complex mathematical and scientific questions before it blows up, as its creators believe only races that can answer them deserve to live. However, Sheridan figures out it's actually designed to kill anyone who can answer the questions, whom the aliens consider a possible threat.
 * Notably averted in Power Rangers, where hostile aliens attack on a weekly basis for six years (without any diplomatic contact of any kind!) before anyone friendly enough (and not focused on perpetuating The Masquerade) to speak to officials or the public at large shows up. By that point, everyone is fairly certain that there's life on other planets; its the reason property values in Angel Grove have fallen so much recently.
 * The real First Contact in the Stargate Verse (not counting Transplanted Humans abducted thousands of years ago, or the Precursors who happened to evolve here millions of years ago (sort of, maybe)) happened in 1994, when a top-secret Air Force team used an ancient alien artifact to travel to another world, where they found Transplanted Humans being ruled by a Puppeteer Parasite. More than 15 years, 300 episodes, three TV series and two made-for-TV movies later, despite the creation on Earth of half a dozen ships capable of interstellar travel and at least two battles in Earth's atmosphere or in orbit between humans and aliens, the existence of aliens is still apparently a secret from the general public.
 * This trope has also been inverted several times, when we see First Contact from an alien (well, transplanted human) point of view. In general, the aliens' government covers it up just like ours if they are advanced enough to do so, but there have been several exceptions.
 * In The X-Files, humans were contacted, abducted, and experimented upon for millions of years but the first contact between the alien Colonists and human authorities took place, as far as we know, in October 13, 1973, giving rise to the shadowy Government Conspiracy to hide the truth. It is also of note that the contact was made possible by extensive reverse-engineering of the alien craft recovered from the Roswell Incident.

Video Games

 * In Mass Effect, first contact with aliens leads to a war with the Turians, which is then dubbed the 'First Contact War' (though this happens several decades before the start of the game). The causalties on both sides of the war is the cause of much conflict between Turians and humans. It was basically a classic example of Poor Communication Kills coupled with an inability to communicate and horrible judgment. The Turians found a human merchant group of ships opening a mass relay—something that's illegal by Citadel law, but also something that humanity would not know of. Because randomly opening mass relays lead to a costly Bug War, the Turian patrol opened fire on the merchant ships, but one got away. Cue a short but heated conflict in which the number of casualties is altogether very low for an interstellar war, but allows humanity to prove its military prowess despite having absolutely no experience with space combat.
 * To elaborate the fact that humanity WASN'T completely curb-stomped and actually managed to inflict fairly significant harm on the Turians made the Citadel go "Holy shit! Maybe we should be nicer to these pink meat-sacks."
 * In Command & Conquer Tiberium series, humanity's first official contact with sapient alien species (the Scrin) occured during the middle of the violent Third Tiberium War between the Brotherhood of NOD and the Global Defense Initiative. Since the first action of the Scrin is to attack every humans encountered, none of the two human superpowers bothered to communicate and just add them to their target list. While still fighting each other.
 * Inverted in the first three Star Ocean games, in which we focus on an alien species who learns that they are not alone in the Universe.
 * The prequel, Star Ocean: The Last Hope, features Earth in the beginning of its spacegoing existence. Not only does it feature Earth's First Contact (with Eldar via subspace radio), but the main character initiates and/or encounters the aftermath of so many First Contact situations that go/went horribly, horribly wrong that he persuades Earth to set up a prime directive.
 * Halo doesn't have nice first contact. "Hello, you are too close to our holy sites. Our Gods demand your genocide." It goes downhill from there until the sequel.
 * Which, as Halo: Contact Harvest reveals, was a lie by the new Hierarchs, who realized immediately that Humans Are Special and wanted to wipe them out in order to preserve their religion and their power.
 * And even then, it only became full-blown war because of
 * A few Final Fantasy titles deal with first contact, most of them bad experiences:
 * Final Fantasy IV: Goes good (advanced technology) and bad (mad scientists, rampaging mechs.)
 * Final Fantasy VII: Goes bad (Jenova kills off the precursor race and her body helps foster an Evil Army, plus she won't die)
 * Final Fantasy VIII: Goes very bad (The moon contains monsters and ended at least one civilization)
 * Final Fantasy IX: Goes extremely bad (Culminates in the destruction of one planet, and is a Type 2 for the other)
 * Starcraft: The Federation has experimented on Zerg for a while and already knew about the Protoss but the "official" first contact with both races involves a planet getting overun with the Zerg and then getting blown up by the Protoss.
 * The Warcraft franchise started with the people of Azeroth's First Contact with the Orcs of Draenor which doubled as an Alien Invasion. The Orcs were so vicious that the Humans thought they were demons. Which wasn't too far from the truth.

Web Comics
"Sploorfix: Hiding? Vexxarr: From two unarmed alien bags of fluid gastropodding across their local green space? We should have seen either their military or their nerds by now."
 * The Inexplicable Adventures of Bob has Princess Voluptua musing on why she wants to avoid a big public First Contact: "Five billion primates all asking, 'How does this work?' 'How does that work?' Ugh! No thank you!" Elaborated on in the following strip, where she boredly enumerates some of the silly questions newly contacted primitives usually ask.
 * We later learn that her people's first contact with Earth's pre-human civilization of dragons went very, very badly.
 * In Freefall humanity has made contact with a few alien races, though mostly aliens of the starfish variety so relations are limited. Also many humans were wary of accidentally causing an interstellar incident when first meeting Florence or Sam (until they realized that Florence wasn't an alien and Sam was annoying).
 * When they found Sam's species, the summary was "keep searching".
 * In Tailsteak's Band the sequence of squares is employed.
 * In Quentyn Quinn, Space Ranger, Quinn goes through this with the blue Federation aliens, the "hand head" alien planet, and later takes some time to address the Empire's somewhat unusual First Contact philosophy.
 * In El Goonish Shive this is played for laughs when Elliot first meets Uryuoms.
 * Vexxarr falls (ahem) into this situation frequently enough, so when he doesn't see natives...

"Shodan: Ebby, something in here killed off all of the Oafa who built the place. What if this hivemind you're waving at is a swarm of killers? Ebbirnoth: First, it's obviously a swarm of killers. Ebbirnoth: Second, as an armchair xenobiologist and a professional soldier, I have a lot of respect for that."
 * Schlock Mercenary had a few cases of this, though in space one is much more likely to meet "known" species about which little is actually known, and exploring pre-space age worlds isn't the team's job. Still, sometimes they discover primitive folk, and sometimes run into something weirder...

Web Original

 * The issues involved are explored on this page of the Atomic Rockets website.
 * Should you have come on this page with the intent of finding help, this page should hopefully provide.

Western Animation

 * The Futurama episode "When Aliens Attack" involves first contact between Earth and the people of Omicron Perseii VIII.