Toxic Phlebotinum

You've got a nice form of Applied Phlebotinum, and it's pretty powerful. But sometimes it's just not enough. You need more power. So what do you do?

Fortunately, you've somehow stumbled upon a shiny, new Power Source, stronger and easier to use than your current model. What Could Possibly Go Wrong

Quite a bit, actually. See, your "new-and-improved" power source isn't near as safe as your old one. Sure, it'll get you the power you need, but at a very high price. Explosions, crippling injury, and sometimes even mutations can result if you overuse it. Better hope you can finish the job quickly or Zorlak the Planet Wedgier will be the least of your health concerns.

Unlike most dangerous forms of Applied Phlebotinum, this one is more likely to be used by the heroes, probably because unlike most other forms, this type's danger lies not in corruption but in simple explosions which would endanger the user more than the environment, making the risk heroic. See also Psycho Serum. Sometimes overlaps with Sentient Phlebotinum, in which case it's liable to become The Corruption or The Virus.

Anime and Manga

 * Inverted in Gao Gai Gar FINAL. The villains' power source is the "Loud G-Stone", which has a constant power output which is higher than the G-Stones the heroes are using. Of course, the Loud G-Stone isn't powered by courage. Sure enough, Guy's G-Stone power goes through the roof when he gets pissed off enough, and the rest of the robots follow suit. The Sol 11's "non-toxic" Loud G-Stones can't keep up. Guy points this out in his heroic Breaking Lecture: "Everything is because you were afraid! Afraid the G-Stone's power would transcend the Loud G-Stone! The power born from courage!"
 * In Busou Renkin, it is revealed that Kazuki's Kakugane is actually an unstable black version. The Black Kakugane (which had replaced his heart) causes his body to transform and grants him enormous power as a result. Unfortunately, being in this transformed state causes him to drain the life force of everyone and everything around him nonstop, and while the transformed state can be suppressed at first, it eventually becomes permanent.
 * Shinsoo, the absolute baseline of power inside the Tower of God is not always agreeable with the human body. Without a certain resistance, people can die in the denser higher levels.
 * Sakuradite from Code Geass is this, basically. Rumored to be the Philosopher's Stone of old, significant amounts of it were found in Japan (duh) under mount Fuji. While not used as a power source per se, the primarily electricity-based alternate world that Code Geass universe is based in (as opposed to steam and fossil-fuel based) makes Sakuradite very valuable as a room-to-high temperature superconductor. It is basically the phlebotinum that makes Game Breakers such as the Lancelot Knightmare Frame. The "toxic" part comes in that Sakuradite, especially in liquid form, is very volatile. How volatile? Volatile enough to make it viable as a booster in a nuke-slash-antimatter bomb.
 * The imperfect philosopher's stones and red water they're made from in Fullmetal Alchemist, which are extremely poisonous in and of themselves, and have an increased risk of alchemical rebound.

Film

 * Iron Man 2: The palladium components of Tony's chest-mounted arc reactor decay over time and emit toxins into his blood, slowly killing him.
 * This is really an inversion, since it's the original reactor that is killing him, and the shiny new one that is actually safe.
 * That it worked at all is a minor miracle, since he built it in a CAVE! WITH A BOX OF SCRAPS!

Tabletop Games

 * Ghost rock from Deadlands was bad enough, what with miners and scientists using it contracting "rock fever" and spontaneously combusting, and the mineral itself highly explosive. If you want more power (and you're in one of the series' far-future settings) make irradiated ghost rock. Trope Co not responsible for mutations, cancers, and death.
 * In Forgotten Realms the Shadow Weave is an alternative arcane magic Power Source, mostly incompatible with normal magic which in itself brings some advantages. Its use involves either a pact with one of evil deities or taking mental/spiritual damage.

Live Action TV

 * Naquadriah is the variant unstable form of Naqadah in Stargate SG-1. It's the basic form of this trope; more power can be taken from it, but it's unstable.
 * In fact, naquadriah's instability depends on how much energy you are trying to get from it. Higher energy means exponentially higher instability to the point where the X-302 attempted a hyperjump via it's naquadriah-powered hyperdrive but the guidance computer automatically and intentionally missed the hyperspace window to avoid the craft being blown to pieces upon entry. Even the Prometheus experienced a misjump while using it's much bigger hyperdrive. After these incidents and the aquisition of some serious Asgard tech, naquadriah was never used for anything aside from boosting the yield of nuclear warheads - something the sucker is very good at.
 * In Stargate Atlantis they try extracting energy from an alternate reality, which will destroy the reality in question. No one has a problem with it at first since the chances of the reality being inhabited are astronomically small. Predictably, the alternate reality is inhabited and they have to deplete the ZPM (their usual power source) to stop the energy transfer before it is destroyed.
 * Trilithium, the dangerous form of dilithium in the Star Trek universe.

Video Games

 * Phazon, pictured above, from the Metroid Prime series.
 * Although there is no "safe" form of Phazon: it comes in "unstable and uber-deadly" blue and "even more unstable and uber-deadly" orange.
 * Unless you have the Phazon Suit from the original Prime, in which case you take no damage from the blue Phazon. Orange Phazon still hurts, though.
 * The Phazon Suit seems to have a lot in common with the Omega Pirate, which the Space Pirate research notes pointed out led to insanity and a much shorter lifespan. Fortunately, Samus.
 * Unfortunately,.
 * Somehow, it's not surprising that Phazon is actually
 * Tiberium is dangerous enough, but the Blue form not only gives double the resources, but also explodes when you shoot it. And let's not get into the liquid form, which creates explosions visible from space...
 * Rodyle's Exsphere in Tales of Symphonia.
 * Armored Core 4/For Answer has Kojima particles, which aren't dissimilar from GM or Minovsky particles, but turns the NEXTs into Walking Wastelands
 * Cleria in Ys I and II. It bolstered the titular civilization's rise to prosperity, but also caused its downfall. Said to be a corrupt form of Emelas.
 * The ancient civilization in Chrono Trigger was doing well using the powers of the sun and the elements. Then they discovered a certain sleeping Eldritch Abomination and decided to tap its power instead... Well, let's just say it did not end well.
 * Data Draining from .hack is a form of this, as normal use inflicts status effects on the main character, but overuse is much worse. For one, side effects occur more often when you Data Drain more often (due to increased spread of the virus). However, the worst effect you can experience is your character being randomly, unavoidably, and irretrievably corrupted. That's an instant Game Over.

Western Animation

 * Energon, in Transformers: Energon.
 * The G1 series had an episode where they created anti-matter for Megatron to absorb and pelt the Autobots with. He subsequently had to eject it later in fear of DEATH.
 * Also in G1, The Matrix Of Leadership is usually a powerup for any 'bot lucky enough to have a high affinity for it. Its also Unicron's kryptonite, so when Scourge (a Unicron-made bot with Matrix affinity) picked it up, he simultaneously got a lot stronger and started melting.
 * Transformers Animated uses transwarp energy to fuse organic and machine elements, turning Wasp into Waspinator. Unfortunately, it's unstable, and he later fully explodes, teleporting at the same time. (He gets better.)
 * A somewhat less toxic variant was Nucleon. Created pretty much as an excuse for the Action Masters, it was more efficient and more powerful than Energon, but for some reason prevented them from actually transforming - supposedly forever. This, of course, became the excuse for the Powermasters, who could cleanse their partners of the Nucleon, regain their transformation ability, AND help boost their power levels to the point they were under the Nucleon.
 * Batman the Animated Series once featured a crook who used a bodysuit made of a material that both granted invisibility and became toxic under an electric current. Through his spree of small-time robberies, the man was slowly killing himself. His invisible car, however, was probably harmless.
 * Batman the Animated Series once featured a crook who used a bodysuit made of a material that both granted invisibility and became toxic under an electric current. Through his spree of small-time robberies, the man was slowly killing himself. His invisible car, however, was probably harmless.

Real Life

 * Uranium. Sure, it does produce huge amounts of power and can create the most destructive weapons known at the cost of radiation, sickness, cancer not to mention the fallout that results when it blows up.
 * That's the 235 isotope. The one element that would fit the above description to the T would be plutonium which is medically toxic and doesn't even have a benevolent use; slugging a full rod of weapons-grade plutonium into a reactor and NOT sending a few extra control rods into the active zone after it doesn't really sound like a good idea. And yes, I know that reactors can't really explode like a nuke but steam explosions/pressure damage due to enhanced heat generation due to more fissile material in the active zone could occur, no?
 * Uranium is also a poisonous heavy metal.
 * Fissionables aside, pretty much every fuel, its ingredients, and its byproducts, count to some degree. The search for clean options is currently an issue of some disagreement.
 * Explosives. Counterintuitively, much of the technological research in explosives has been concentrated on making them not explode, progressing from extremely unstable ones like black powder and guncotton to virtually inert ones like plastique.