Solitaire

Solitaire is a type of card game that is designed to be played by a single player. By far the most recognizable variants of these are "klondike" solitaire (which most players simply call "solitaire") and "freecell", due to their bundling with Microsoft Windows operating systems.

The Other Wiki has a list of many of the variants.

Tropes common to solitaire card games:

 * Luck-Based Mission
 * Unwinnable By Design: Many deals in klondike solitaire, due to the randomness of drawing, can't be solved to completion. By contrast, FreeCell has only one hand (#11,982 out of #32,000) that is impossible to win.
 * In the "Vegas" Klondike variation, you bet $52, and reclaim $5 per card. In that ruleset, the odds are designed in favor of the house.