Millennium Actress



A 2001 Anime film by Satoshi Kon, the director of Perfect Blue (1998) and Paprika (2006), Millennium Actress explores the relationship between art, life, love, and memory. Satoshi Kon co-wrote with his long-time collaborator Sadayuki Murai.

Director Genya Tachibana, who has been making a documentary about reclusive (and retired) movie star Chiyoko Fujiwara, manages to secure a rare interview with her. The informal and deeply impassioned interview covers her career from her first movie, made a few years after the Japanese invaded Manchuria, to her retirement in the mid-sixties -- along with her love life, including her marriage to (and divorce from) her most prominent director. Much of the story is told using episodes and scenes from her movies, the settings of which span a millennium -- from the Heian period (794-1185) to a futuristic space age, with the various scene and era changes lampshaded by Kyouji Ida, Genya's snarky but seemingly imperturbable cameraman. Along the way Kyouji and Chiyoko discover that Genya has much deeper connections to Chiyoko than either of the latter would have any way of knowing.

Millennium Actress won a slew of Anime awards both in Japan and abroad, some of them shared (or split) with Spirited Away.


 * Action Girl: See Lady of War.
 * Anachronic Order: Skips around from the present to flashbacks of Chiyoko's past; also, from one time period to another, each time period reflecting on Chiyoko's mental state at the time. (See also Empathic Environment and Time Travel, below.)
 * Animal Motifs: There are a lot of cranes around if you keep an eye out for them. Possibly a symbol for a deep wish, or immortality.
 * The Atoner: The cop Chiyoko first encounters chasing a rebel artist is last seen making his way across Japan apologizing to people he's wronged.
 * Author Appeal: A lot of motifs recur throughout the works of Satoshi Kon; similar music (often by the same composer); Mind Screw; the female lead often looks similar; surrealism and Genre Busting.
 * Beauty Mark: Chiyoko has the classic tragic Anime mole just below her left eye.
 * Bitch in Sheep's Clothing: Why hello there Eiko.
 * Bittersweet Ending:
 * Book Ends: Chiyoko taking off in a spaceship. Earthquakes are Book Ends
 * Christmas Cake: Brutally played in the world of movies; Eiko Shimao is barely a decade older than Chiyoko, and undeniably beautiful, but after Chiyoko becomes a star, Eiko is only ever cast as the scheming older woman opposing her.
 * Averted with Chiyoko, who reaches the pinnacle of her stardom in the 1950s, when she is in her thirties, and who is still a wildly popular star in her early forties when she abruptly quits.
 * Contrived Coincidence: An Invoked Trope and a Discussed Trope.
 * Crash Into Hello: Chiyoko meets the man with the key twice this way. When, as an adult, she bumps into a random stranger on the street, she half-expects it to be him.
 * To drive home the irony of the situation, she's standing in front of a billboard with her face a dozen feet high, but the stranger doesn't recognize her. (Then again, she's wearing dark sunglasses.)
 * Deadpan Snarker: Kyouji Ida (the cameraman).
 * Deliberately Monochrome: Parts of the film, specifically to contrast with the more vivid colors of things Chiyoko remembers with fiery intensity.
 * Determinator:
 * Chiyoko. Made explicit with her stubborn journey to Hokkaido.
 * Genya, with his feelings towards Chiyoko.
 * The Dulcinea Effect: Both Genya's reverence for Chiyoko and Chiyoko's devotion to the man of her dreams.
 * Empathic Environment: Up to Eleven: not just the weather, but the historical era itself reflects Chiyoko's emotional state. A Justified Trope, in a sense, in that much of what we see is a mix of Chiyoko's movies with her memories and the imaginations of her and Genya; that is, the "environment" in question really is Chiyoko's emotional state, not a real place that just happens to mirror it. See also Time Travel.
 * ~Everything's Better With Princesses~: Chiyoko is/plays a Fujiwara princess. See also Lady of War.
 * Expy: Chiyoko, especially in her twenties, looks a lot like the young actress Mima from Perfect Blue. (They have the same nose.) However, their personalities are not especially similar.
 * The Faceless: We never get a good look at the face of the man with the key -- in part because the "reality" we see in the "flashbacks" is subjective, and Chiyoko no longer remembers what he looked like.
 * Fan Boy: Genya's main reason for doing the interview.
 * Flash Back: Most of the movie consists of flashbacks, although few of them are to be taken literally: they freely mix Chiyoko's memories with her film roles, and also with her present-day imagination, and the imagination of Genya (and his cameraman Kyouji Ida). See also Anachronic Order, Empathic Environment, Pensieve Flashback, Time Travel.
 * Fortune Teller:
 * Framing Device: The documentary.
 * Freak-Out: Chiyoko has a few.
 * Generic Cuteness: An Averted Trope. With a few exceptions, only the in-universe actresses and actors are beautiful (and by no means all of them, especially if they play minor characters); the members of the crew and other minor characters tend to be average-looking. A notable exception is Chiyoko's Love Interest, the mysterious artist who gives her the key. But we never see him all that clearly, and to the extent we do, we still mostly see him through Chiyoko's eyes.)
 * Genre Busting
 * Girly Run: An Averted Trope, although Chiyoko spends a lot of the movie running. In the interview section of the DVD, the director says he shot footage of a girl running specifically for the animators to study, so they could depict Chiyoko running in a realistic -- and elegant -- manner.
 * The Gump: The film takes us on a tour of Japanese history/Historical Fiction with the actress and the film crew turning up as characters chasing after her.
 * I Want My Beloved to Be Happy: Genya. In the Show Within a Show movies, he (fused with whichever in-universe movie character he happens to be "playing") keeps sacrificing himself, over and over, in order to give Chiyoko (fused with the in-universe movie character she's playing) another chance to pursue the ever-elusive man she loves (fused with Love Interest of said character). Also, as it turns out, more than three decades before the Framing Device documentary takes place, Genya
 * Imperial Japan: The police officer who persecutes Chiyoko is from the Kempetai, Imperial Japan's near-equivalent of the Gestapo.
 * In Love with Love: Chiyoko.
 * Interrupted Suicide: Chiyoko, as a princess, in one of her film roles. The demonic spirit who interrupts her suicide and curses her
 * I Will Find You: A running theme of the movie.
 * Jidai Geki: Many of Chiyoko's old movies; the cameraman points out that Genya is dressed for the wrong era after one scene change.
 * Lady of War: One of Chiyoko's roles is as a Fujiwara princess during the Heian period. She's also an Action Girl. See also Everything's Better with Princesses.
 * Loving a Shadow: Perhaps she loves the chase more than the man.
 * Genya for Chiyoko, almost certainly.
 * Meaningful Echo: The movie is saturated with them, some of them verbal, but most of them visual or situational.
 * Meaningful Name: Chiyoko's surname is Fujiwara. The Fujiwara clan was a powerful political entity during the Asuka (538-710) and Nara (710-794) periods, and they went on to become the dominant political power in Japan during the Heian era (794–1185), freely intermarrying with (and often presiding over) the Imperial House itself. Furthermore, Chiyoko's own name means "Child of a thousand generations" - a thousand Reincarnations?
 * Genya's surname name is Tachibana. Tachibana was another powerful clan during the Nara and Heian eras.
 * Meet Cute: See Crash Into Hello.
 * Memento MacGuffin: The key.
 * Mind Screw: A given for director Satoshi Kon.
 * Mood Whiplash: several, but especially when Chiyoko walks off a movie set into the devastation of firebombed Tokyo.
 * No Name Given: The mysterious man who gives Chiyoko the key.
 * Only Sane Man: Kyouji Ida (the cameraman).
 * The Ojou: Chiyoko is from a well-to-do family that doesn't approve of actresses. Chiyoko doesn't necessarily fit the personality -- although her mother certainly does -- but she has the semi-aristocratic bearing and manners.
 * Chiyoko is called "ojou-sama" even before she becomes an actress.
 * She plays (or is) a princess in the Fujiwara clan in a movie set the Heian era. See also Meaningful Name.
 * Pensieve Flashback: Mostly in the form of movie scenes, but we get a few real ones.
 * Posthumous Character:
 * The Reveal: A bunch of them. For example, the fate of the man who gave Chiyoko the key.
 * Scenery Porn
 * Show Within a Show: Chiyoko's movies, although they blur with her memories and indeed the "present day" in Millennium Actress.
 * Spiritual Successor: To Perfect Blue (according to Word of God, in the interview section of the DVD).
 * Time Travel: Not literally, but the characters do skip around from one era to another -- or at least those time periods as depicted in Chiyoko's films. See also Anachronic Order and Empathic Environment.
 * Tomato in the Mirror:
 * Those Two Actors: Chiyoko and Eiko Shimao, no matter how much the latter hates it.
 * Time Compression Montage: Combined with Good Times Montage to illustrate the heady early days of Chiyoko's career in the gloriously animated "Rickshaw Montage" scene.
 * Train Station Goodbye: Chiyoko chases that artist to the train station but arrives just as the train departs.
 * Unrequited Love: Genya for Chiyoko.
 * Perhaps also Otaki for Chiyoko.
 * Wanting Is Better Than Having
 * Wasted Song: Most of the soundtrack's musical cues develop into amazing pieces only after the point where the movie cuts them off.
 * White Dwarf Starlet: For the most part, an Averted Trope. Chiyoko wasn't abandoned by the movie business; she abandoned it. Furthermore, she harbors no illusions about returning to her former glory. Moreover, she was never drawn to the glamor of the movie business; she became an actress in hopes to meeting the artist who gave her the key; she stayed an actress after the war to keep food on the table during Japan post-war devastation, and she chose to accept her role as a star because she hoped it would lead to a reunion with the artist who gave her the key.
 * White Dwarf Starlet: For the most part, an Averted Trope. Chiyoko wasn't abandoned by the movie business; she abandoned it. Furthermore, she harbors no illusions about returning to her former glory. Moreover, she was never drawn to the glamor of the movie business; she became an actress in hopes to meeting the artist who gave her the key; she stayed an actress after the war to keep food on the table during Japan post-war devastation, and she chose to accept her role as a star because she hoped it would lead to a reunion with the artist who gave her the key.