The Dark Is Rising



"When the Dark comes rising, six shall turn it back; Three from the circle, three from the track; Wood, bronze, iron, water, fire, stone; Five will return, and one go alone."

British fantasy series by Susan Cooper about the epic struggle between immortal forces of good and evil, progressing toward a final confrontation. Chiefly, the fight is a series of bureaucratic magical battles with arcane, sometimes nonsensical rules, in which both sides seek to collect items of power to give them the decisive advantage in the final battle between good and evil.

The books are Over Sea, Under Stone; The Dark Is Rising; Greenwitch; The Grey King; and Silver On the Tree.

The heroes are the Drew children, a trio of average kids caught up in the battle; Will Stanton, a boy who discovers he is an immortal wizard; Bran Davies, a mysterious albino boy; and Merlin. Yes, that Merlin.

The series is based on the Arthurian mythos, and is written primarily for older children and young adults. The series is a high-fantasy affair, drawing much of its lore from the Celtic Mythology of Britain.

The Film of the Book was very loosely based on the second novel, but received terrible critical and audience reception.

"Jane: The monks just always used it, that's all, it was one of their things. I suppose it's a religious-sounding kind of language."
 * Adult Child: The Greenwitch is very much portrayed as one of these. Watch out for her tantrums...
 * Affably Evil: The Withers siblings in Over Sea, Under Stone. While their Most Definitely Not a Villain cred is established by their beautiful yacht (Simon just so happens to love sailing), pristine white clothes and gleaming smiles, and Polly's loveliness, for most of the book they come off as either genuinely nice, bumbling people or at worst Punch Clock Villains who really are just following orders but otherwise wouldn't hurt a fly. The scene where they dance with Barney at the festival is genuinely fun, if a bit sinister at times. But when Polly tries to take the map and the children feign ignorance, she shows her vicious nature in a truly startling and disturbing moment...and at the climax of the book during the fight for the grail, the masks come off permanently.
 * The same could also be said for Maggie Barnes in The Dark Is Rising, in Silver on the Tree, and  also in Over Sea, Under Stone. For all her use of mythic archetypes, Color Coded for Your Convenience, and Card Carrying Villains, Susan Cooper loves this trope. And despite this, The Reveal about  is still genuinely shocking upon first reading. Even Merlin didn't figure it out until it was almost too late.
 * All Just a Dream / Or Was It a Dream?: Jane's encounters with the Greenwitch are played as something the reader is never quite sure is real, all in her head, or a magical interaction, until she awakens with the lost scroll case, and at the end of the book when Mrs. Penhallow talks about the leaves and the smell of the sea filling her room.
 * Altum Videtur: Part of the writing on the map to the grail is in Latin. Jane even lampshades why it would be used, even as she also hits on the real reason (because a monk was the author).

"Merriman: I have known him to use many different names at many different times. He changes. There is no knowing what he will look like..."
 * Appropriated Title: The series is known by the name of the second book.
 * Arc Words: "The Dark is rising."
 * Art Attacker: In Greenwitch, a man working for the Dark paints a picture that acts as a spell to control the Greenwitch.
 * Author Avatar: Merriman, most of the time, as well as the Lady.
 * Also perhaps John Rowlands.
 * Badass Normal: John Rowlands. If fighting off the possessed Caradog Prichards, judging in favor of the Light in the matter of Bran, and rejecting the Dark even when isn't enough, during the final confrontation it's him taking up the Sign of Water and driving back the Black Rider that allows Bran to cut the mistletoe from the midsummer tree. In other words, the Light wins because of a mortal human.
 * Bad Powers, Bad People: Averted. Merriman explicitly states those of the Dark, especially the great Lords, have the exact same powers as those of the Light, suggesting there is nothing inherently corruptive about them; all that differs is the purpose to which they put them and, sometimes, how they call upon them.
 * Big Bad: Averted. There is no one central figure who serves as the driving force behind the Dark.
 * Although the Black Rider appears the most often, and is a very powerful Lord of the Dark; and the Grey King is said to possibly be the oldest and most powerful Lord of the Dark.
 * Bilingual Bonus: Book four has a great deal of Welsh phrases, sentences, and names. The plot-important ones are translated and even pronounced for the reader. The others...aren't.
 * Bittersweet Ending: While the series itself has one through the combination of The Magic Goes Away and Wistful Amnesia, several of the individual books don't have exactly happy endings either. In The Dark Is Rising, the Dark is driven back by the Wild Hunt and the joining of the Signs, but this is only a temporary victory at best, and it is further tainted by the repentance and death of Hawkin. Though Jane obtains the secret scroll from the Greenwitch in the third book, their parting at the end is rather sad; and the first book in which the scroll was lost in the first place, rendering the grail untranslatable, was something of a Pyrrhic Victory.
 * The Blank / The Faceless: Most of the Riders of the Dark are this.
 * Brought Down to Normal: in the ending, if you take the trope name literally.
 * Canine Companion: Cafall to Bran, Rufus to Captain Toms (and for a time, the Drews).
 * Capital Letters Are Magic: Far too many examples to count, but notable ones would be the Six Signs, the Doors, the Lady, the Light and the Dark, Old/High/Wild Magic, the Lost Land, the Sleepers, and the Old Ones. Especially notable is that, at least according to Stephen, the capital letters are audible. Interestingly averted however, with the other Things of Power (the grail, the harp of gold, and the crystal sword), with the latter only being capitalized when referred to as Eirias since that is a proper name.
 * Card-Carrying Villain: When you willingly ally yourself with an ancient supernatural order called "The Dark," you're probably not an Anti-Villain.
 * Celestial Deadline: The six Signs must be found within the Twelve Days of Christmas. The golden harp must be claimed on All Hallow's Eve. The Lost Land can only be entered "at the moment it reveals itself between the shore and the sea". The Dark can only be defeated at the midsummer tree, when the sprig of mistletoe is cut by the blade Eirias.
 * Changeling Fantasy: Bran finds out that instead of the boring, judgmental, overly-religious Owen Davies, his real father is.
 * Chekhov's Boomerang: Will's mother's wedding ring. Not only is fixing it the reason Roger Stanton has to call in a specialist, which allows the Black Rider to enter Will's normal life as "Mr. Mitothin", but the "odd runic lines" Merriman comments on needing to examine more closely, when Will envisions it for him, turn out to be . And then this same spell appears again in book three, as one of those the painter uses to try and control the Greenwitch.
 * Chekhov's Gun: When the Dark first assails the hall where Will meets Merriman and the Lady, tempting him to open the door with the voice of his mother, he stumbles just in time on the candlestick, thus burning the symbol of the Light into his arm from the frigid Sign of Iron on his belt. This scar, once healed by the Lady, then proves to be extremely useful in the series, from its first usage to drive the Black Rider away from the door of Huntercombe Manor to it being the key needed to pass Will and Bran safely through the last magical barrier inside Bird Rock in The Grey King, so they can obtain the golden harp. None of which could have happened if the Dark hadn't caused him to get it in the first place.
 * Chekhov's Gunman: Aside from the Walker who turns out to actually be Hawkin, Mr. Penhallow from the first book counts. What seems just a random villager introduced to add flavor to Trewissick ends up becoming far more useful than could have been expected—telling the children about the Lady Mary, then mentioning the very low tide which allows the kids to walk around Kemare Head to the cave, and finally piloting the boat that allows Merriman to come to the rescue. He also appears in Greenwitch, though of far less significance.
 * The Chick: Sadly, for most of the series Jane is this, trailing after the others while always being either afraid or objecting to the danger and generally being a party pooper. In the first book she acts mostly as a helpless damsel, with the few times she does anything of significance such as deciphering clues on the map being brushed aside or downplayed by her brothers; this is not helped when, in a moment of determination to prove her usefulness she decides to find the author of a guidebook on Trewissick to see if he can shed any light on the coastline on the map. Too bad the vicar she finds turns out to be Hastings/the Black Rider. In book three, while she does obtain the secret scroll from the Greenwitch so they can translate the grail, it comes about through a very stereotypically feminine manner, the fact she felt sorry for the Greenwitch and "wanted her to be happy". And in the last book, her one claim to fame is receiving the message from the Lady and then resisting the afanc (though she still needs Bran to rescue her), and calling Bran out on his arrogance and superiority—but this last may have been induced by the Dark so wasn't even really her. Sigh.
 * Your Mileage May Vary on book three. In such a melancholy book, filled with so much selfishness, some found her genuine altruism to be refreshing and heartwarming. And her gender is never pinpointed as the reason for these feelings. Rather, Jane herself seems to be a genuinely compassionate person who was disturbed and saddened by the intense misery the Greenwitch felt.
 * Point. Still, even Jane herself felt rather silly and childish wishing for such a thing, when she could have asked for the grail back or the scroll. There was a definite tinge to her thoughts that her choosing such a compassionate wish was a "girlish" thing to do. On the other hand, the very fact only women were allowed at the making of the Greenwitch, so that only Jane had a chance to make a wish at all, rather undermines the idea of women being useless. Perhaps someday compassion and selflessness won't have to be seen as exclusively female things. In the meantime it can't be denied that while many were heartwarmed, touched, or even brought to tears by Jane's compassion, others without insight or understanding could look at her actions and call her a stereotypical Chick.
 * Elsewhere Jane's compassion is shown as 'motherly' -- she turns to Merriman in "swift motherly concern", worries over Barney, etc. The Lady addresses her as "Jane, Jana, Juno, Jane", Juno being the Roman version of Hera, goddess embodiment of the 'female' virtues. Since Jane is the only girl among the Six, her femaleness is strongly played up. Also bear in mind that these books come from the 60s and 70s.
 * Chosen One: Will is the last Old One ever to be born, the Sign-Seeker who will gather the six Signs, and one of those prophesied to find the harp of gold and go to the Lost Land. Bran is both the chosen bearer of Eirias and.
 * Except that since.
 * Color Coded for Your Convenience: Used straight (The Dark are the bad guys, the Black Rider is an extra-bad guy) and subverted (the White Rider is also a bad guy).
 * It's basically a "Only the Sith deal in absolutes" philosophy - white and black are both evil in their absolute extremity. Good would thus be defined by endless shades of grey and a rainbow of colors (or, most of the time, by not drawing attention to simplistic definitions like color or shade at all).
 * Later books in the series establish that at its heart, the Light is in some ways just as ruthless, cold and inhuman as the Dark, but the Old Ones are fighting to free the world so that it never again has to be subject to a clash between both forces. A point is also made that the Old Ones with close human friends (like Merriman and Will) feel much anguish over the things that happen to their mortal loved ones. Magic, whether Light, Dark, Old, Wild, or High in this setting is more often than not deleterious in its effects on humanity. Or utterly indifferent. Yes, it's quite the melancholy series.
 * Additionally, as a Good Counterpart to the Black Rider and his ebony stallion, there is the white mare of the Light in The Dark Is Rising which eventually becomes the steed for Herne the Hunter.
 * The Constant: Hawkin -> the Walker.
 * Cool Gate: Powerful Old Ones (such as Merriman Lyon) are able to summon a magical gate (which looks like a pair of doors) that allows travel through time and space.
 * Creepy Child: Will.
 * Well, only if one manages to catch him doing something magical. A point is made when the Drew children meet Will that he seems utterly mundane, boring, ordinary. Just a cheerful English country boy. When he's in the role of an Old One, though, his Dissonant Serenity and air of immortal wisdom get rather disturbing.
 * People apparently consider Bran one because he's albino.
 * Crows and Ravens: The rooks of The Dark Is Rising, servants of the Dark. To their eventual regret.
 * Cryptic Conversation: Happens a lot, not only with prophecies but when Merriman and the Lady are explaining the Light and his powers to Will. He then gets to carry on the tradition with Bran and the Drews.
 * Cunning Like a Fox: The milgwn, or grey foxes, of the Brenin Llwyd.
 * Cut and Paste Note: The painter of the Dark actually leaves one on Captain Toms' door, warning him away from the Greenwitch if he wants his dog back alive. Yet another mark of him being a Card-Carrying Villain with old-fashioned methods.
 * Dangerous Sixteenth Birthday: Though of course in this case it's Will's eleventh birthday.
 * Deadpan Snarker: There are a large number of these in the books, especially in Will's family, but the most prominent would have to be the Drews, Will himself, Merriman, and most of all, Bran.
 * Death by Newbery Medal: True to the trope, the only book in the series that wins an award is the one in which a dog is killed. The second book, which was nominated for the medal and made a Newbery Honor book, contains the death of Hawkin. To be fair, both of these deaths are highly significant and played dramatically without being overdone, there is much more to the books than the deaths in question, and these also happen to be the most powerful, well-written, mythical, and memorable of the books. So the medal and honor are rightly earned.
 * The Grey King is Newbery bait in other ways. A large chunk is about Bran's identity crisis, trouble with his father and discovery of who he is, and  This is also the book in which there's the most discussion of things like whether you should put the overall good before individual human beings. You can find similar themes in lots of other Newbery winners.
 * Detect Evil: Eirias, the crystal sword, glows blue whenever the Dark is near. Similarly, the six signs either glow, or burn with a cold fire.
 * Devil in Disguise:  turns out to be The White Rider, one of the most powerful Lords of the Dark (the other being The Black Rider.)
 * Did Mom Just Have Tea with Cthulhu??
 * Dragon with an Agenda: Well, the painter of the Dark would like to think he's a Dragon, though in this case his agenda is actually to become one. It doesn't go well.
 * Early Installment Weirdness: You could be forgiven for reading most of the first novel, Over Sea, Under Stone, without realizing it's the start of a fantasy series, as it reads like a standard kids' adventure novel. The more fantastic elements show up in the latter part of the book, and even those are much subtler than in any of the other books in the series.
 * Easy Amnesia: Will gets inflicted with this to set up the plot of The Grey King.
 * Elemental Rock-Paper-Scissors: The six Signs--Fire, Water, Stone, Wood, plus Iron and Bronze to represent modern man (and thus also joining Western and Eastern elements).
 * Empathic Weather: Played entirely straight for most of the series, with the rising of the Dark accompanied by blizzards and cold, a tornado, and a great deal of storms, shadow, and lightning in general. But on at least one occasion, this is subverted—the day on which the harp must be played to wake the Sleepers, when the power of the Grey King is at its height and crushing Will with his malevolence...it's the most beautiful, peaceful, sunny day you could imagine.
 * The End of the World as We Know It
 * Eureka Moment: Partly due to his Easy Amnesia but mostly because of his ignorance of Welsh, Will figuring out where the "door of the birds" and "the pleasant lake" were count as this trope. The latter especially because his realization comes about due to a random comment made by Farmer Ty-Bont.
 * Evil (And Magic) Detecting Dog: Raq and Ci, who are both aware of Will's burgeoning Old One powers and the presence of the Dark. Also, Rufus, and Pen, Tip, and Cafall in The Grey King.
 * The rabbits can also sense the awakening of Will's powers the day before his eleventh birthday.
 * Evil Evolves: Explicitly stated by Merriman, both in regards to why the Dark is so powerful and as a specific power bequeathed to the Black Rider:

"Barney: Oh, well. Don't drop it in the harbour, that's all.'"
 * The Evils of Free Will: Why the Dark remains so powerful, since people like Hawkin and Caradog Prichard can always choose to join it, or at least give in to their jealousy, hatred, and other wicked impulses...but it is also this which the Light champions, since Hawkin, being "no more than a man", always had the power to choose and could thus find the right path even as he was dying. And of course, it is John Rowlands' choice in the end that saves the Light and the world. This last is most important of all, since Will had stated that the Light cannot afford to think of the needs of the one when the needs of the many were so pressing...but the choice which allows the Light to triumph is made precisely by placing one (Bran) over the many. John's free will even is generous enough to grant the right to follow  own path, too.
 * Evil Redhead: Caradog Prichard and his entire extended family.
 * Exactly What It Says on the Tin: The Grey House. The Black Rider. The White Rider. The Six Sleepers.
 * Face Heel Turn: Hawkin/the Walker, twice.
 * Fantastic Religious Weirdness: The relationship between the forces of the Light and the Dark, based on Celtic and Welsh mythology, and the Christianity of characters like Father Beaumont is never reconciled. Farmer Dawson says Beaumont's a "brave fellow" but "this battle is not for his fighting. He is bound to think so, of course, being in his church," while Will calls the priest's theological assumptions "disturbed," and Merriman later says that humanity can't "lie idly expecting the second coming of anybody now". On the other hand, none of the supernatural beings or deities in the story ever directly mention God either way, or where he might fit into their cosmology, although Will does think at one point that church is "where men give thought to matters of the Light and the Dark" and that no harm can enter a church's walls.
 * Final Battle: Every magical character who has ever appeared in the books and is still alive is a part of combating the last Rising of the Dark, as are a number of regular mortals as well. Even those who have died are there, as a part of the Circle, though they are not shown until the departure of the Old Ones and the Light afterwards, thus making this somewhat a Battle Royale With Cheese. But a very powerful one.
 * Five-Man Band:
 * The Hero: Will
 * The Lancer: Bran
 * The Smart Guy: Simon
 * The Big Guy: Barney (while not physically large, he is the most boisterous and the one most likely to excitedly leap into adventure where the action is)
 * The Chick: Jane
 * With Merriman as The Mentor
 * Foregone Conclusion: The Lost Land will be drowned. Arthur will lose the Battle of Badon (or at least, it will only be a partial victory, explained in this case by the absence of the Lady).
 * Foreshadowing:
 * In a series based on mythology, archetypes, and prophecy, this is practically required, and shows up quite clearly in the series of tapestry images Merriman shows Will in book two, all of which come true in the series. But a particularly notable example (because like all good Foreshadowing it isn't properly viewed as such except in hindsight) would be the moment in Over Sea, Under Stone when the Drews are worrying what to do with the map, and Simon declares he feels safer carrying it with them.

"John Rowlands: I would take the one human being over all the principle, all the time. "
 * Cooper has to do some juggling to make all the images come true. In The Dark is Rising, there's a throwaway description of a boy a little older than Will with a "dark face" and "light-streaked dark hair". In Silver on the Tree Will sees a reflection of albino Bran with his face darkened by shadow and his hair wet so that it seems to be streaked dark and light. Cooper can't, however, get round having described Bran's "tawny" "owl" eyes in The Dark is Rising like this "...strange cat-like eyes, the pupils light-bordered but almost yellow within."
 * A number of wonderfully subtle examples of this occur in Silver on the Tree regarding the true identity of . is present when Will, Bran, and the Drews speak of going to Carn March Arthur, which explains how the Dark knew to send the afanc after Jane; when the polecats chase the Drews down out of the mountains, only to disappear when they reach the safety of, who supposedly doesn't see them, they were likely driving the children right to ;  presence at the harbor may explain how the Drews got sent back in time; and it's right when Jane thinks of  that the afanc succeeds in breaking through her calming thoughts to attack her mind again. But the most subversive bit of all comes when looking back to The Grey King and the story of how Bran's mother first came to the valley: the first person Owen Davies told all about her was ...and who does he find back at his house immediately after this but Caradog Prichard, who even then was an instrument of the Dark? And who would have a had better motive to possibly get Bran and his mother killed, or at least forced to go back to , than ?
 * From The Grey King:

"John: Those men who know anything about the Light also know that there is a fierceness to its power, like the bare sword of the law, or the white burning of the sun. At the very heart, that is. Other things, like humanity, and mercy, and charity, that most good men hold more precious than all else, they do not come first for the Light. Oh, sometimes they are there; often, indeed. But in the very long run the concern of you people is with the absolute good, ahead of all else. You are like fanatics. Your masters, at any rate. At the center of the Light there is a cold white flame, just as at the center of the Dark there is a great black pit bottomless as the Universe. Will: For us, there is only the destiny. Like a job to be done. We are here simply to save the world from the Dark. Make no mistake, John, the Dark is rising, and will take the world to itself very soon if nothing stands in its way. And if that should happen, then there would be no question ever, for anyone, either of warm charity or of cold absolute good, because nothing would exist in the world or in the hearts of men except that bottomless black pit. The charity and the mercy and the humanitarianism are for you, they are the only things by which men are able to exist together in peace. But in this hard case that we the Light are in, confronting the Dark, we can make no use of them. We are fighting a war. We are fighting for life or death--not for our life, remember, since we cannot die. For yours. Sometimes, in this sort of war, it is not possible to pause, to smooth the way for one human being, because even that one small thing could mean an end of the world for all the rest."
 * In Silver on the Tree, after the events at the Bearded Lake Will suggests that each of them will have their own personal test just like Jane before the quest is over. And he is right: apart from his and Bran's time in the Lost Land, where he must help decipher the five lines about the sword and save their lives with the shield while Bran must earn the right to Eirias and weather his personal nightmare in the form of the Mari Llwyd, Barney must endure being kidnapped to the time of Owain Glyndwyr and almost executed as a spy while Simon almost drowns in Aberdyfi harbor after saving John Rowlands from Prichard's ancestor. There is also a moment in the Lost Land when Will sees an old man doing a chalk drawing of the midsummer tree with its glowing silver mistletoe.
 * Said shield is one of those which Will saw in the Great Hall in The Dark is Rising.
 * The point is that each of them withstands his or her test: Jane won't give the afanc the Lady's message, Barney keeps his mouth shut under threat of execution because he thinks Owain Glyndwyr may be from the Dark, Simon conquers his fear of water: "by a great effort, he kept from panic", Bran and Will accomplish their set tasks.
 * Free Sample Plot Coupon: In the second book, Will Stanton is given the first Sign, the Sign of Iron, before he even learns that he is an Old One and starts his quest for the other five Signs.
 * Functional Magic: Wild Magic and some Theurgy; it seems to have been a major influence on the Nasuverse.
 * Gender Bender: The White Rider is at one point described as having an almost feminine sneer. This is probably supposed to be extra creepy.
 * Genre Savvy: The Drews show moments of this, especially the boys, when theorizing what will happen if they tell their parents about the map, or try and explain to the authorities who stole the grail from the museum. The Black Rider shows moments of this too, from making Jane think he was the vicar of Trewissick (and therefore trustworthy) to deliberately sending the Drews back in time to make Merriman rescue them and miss his chance to enter the Lost Land, and pulling an I Have Your Wife on John Rowlands.
 * The pre-video-game Drews have probably read loads of kids' adventure fiction, which the first book resembles more strongly than the rest.
 * Geometric Magic: The symbol of the Light is a mandala, and it appears everywhere to mark magical places and objects, but is also used in many of their spells. The Old Ones join hands to form a circle when trying to ward off the Dark, and in The Grey King, Will traces a circle to locate the warestone. The five-fingered hand gesture may also be meant to symbolize a pentagram.
 * Go Mad from the Revelation: What happens to Caradog Prichard in the end, after first being exposed to and possessed by the full power of the Brenin Llwyd, then having it abandon him.
 * Good Is Not Nice: While the Light does have humanity's best interests at heart, it is very clear that the oldest and most powerful Old Ones, as well the Light's overall philosophy, are all about ends justifying the means, I Did What I Had to Do, and quite often verging on Knight Templar and Well-Intentioned Extremist thinking. Aside from Hawkin's punishment for his betrayal, there's Will's sickness-induced Easy Amnesia . See also Color Coded for Your Convenience, though the full point John Rowlands makes about the Light, and Will's response, is worth quoting in its entirety because it so perfectly represents this trope:

"Jane: Have some chocolate before it melts. And don't tell me it's bad for our teeth, Simon, because I know it is. Simon, grinning: 'Course it is. Utter disaster. Where's mine?"
 * Good Scars, Evil Scars: Thanks to the burning cold of the Sign of Iron, Will ends up with a perfectly healed, neatly formed and pale scar on his forearm. By contrast, after the Wild Hunt chases the Dark off, the next time Will sees the Black Rider, he has a "dreadful scar" across his cheek.
 * Gotta Catch Them All: The artifacts of power. The Dark Is Rising is especially notable, as it involves finding all Six Signs within the time limit of the Twelve Days of Christmas.
 * Grail in the Garbage: The map in the first book is hidden under the floorboards in an attic full of dust, cobwebs, and junk. Ironic, since the map actually leads to a grail.
 * Great Big Book of Everything: The Book of Gramarye
 * Hall of Mirrors: Will and Bran have to navigate one in the Empty Palace of the Lost Land.
 * He Who Must Not Be Seen: Captain Toms, for all of the first book. Made more conspicuous by the fact he must have known the Treasure Map was in his attic (and Merriman even implies as such), yet remains conveniently on a trip (just as Merriman leaves the Grey House to lead the Dark astray) so that the children can have the freedom to solve it. He later finally makes an onscreen appearance in Greenwitch, and it is worth the wait.
 * Hellish Horse
 * Heroic Albino: Bran
 * Horror Evil Doesn't Settle For Simple Tuesday: The time of the Dark's first Rising in the series coincides with the twelve days of Christmas, while Will's coming into his powers as an Old One begins on his birthday, Midwinter Eve/Day. The second great Rising occurs at Midsummer. Justified because these times are said to be naturally ones of great magical power.
 * Hoist by His Own Petard: In The Dark Is Rising, the Walker and the Dark summon the nine candles of winter to attempt to freeze all the villagers staying at Huntercombe Manor. When this scheme is foiled by knocking out the Walker (who was the Dark's ticket in), the Light is able to grab the candles before they fade and use them to fill the candle-ring, thus fulfilling the prophecy and obtaining the Sign of Fire.
 * Humans Are Flawed: The ultimate conclusion of the series, and why the Light can defend them and their right to make their own free world—because for all their awful representatives, there are as many or more who are inspiring.
 * Hypocritical Humor: Perhaps this is only to be expected in a British series starring mostly British characters. The last book alone has two prominent examples, very close together. First Will chides his sister Barbara for being "shamefully naked" in a sunsuit, when he's wearing only a pair of shorts himself. Then there's this exchange from the Welsh mountaintop:

"Merriman: If you prick us, we bleed, if you tickle us, we laugh--only, if you poison us, we do not die, and there are certain feelings and perceptions in us that are not in you."
 * I Did What I Had to Do: Merriman, quite often, particularly in regards to Hawkin and his punishment.
 * I Have Your Wife: A favorite of the Dark. Hastings threatens Simon to get Barney's cooperation, and actually kidnaps and enchants Mary (as the Black Rider) to get Will to give him the signs. Sending the three Drews back in time so Merriman had to rescue them, and later kidnapping Barney and taking him to the time of Owain Glyndwyr, amounted to the same thing. Holding Mrs. Rowlands hostage, and using her as bait to get John to rule in favor of the Dark, was the most cruel form of this trope, since.
 * I Just Want to Be Normal: Both invoked and averted with Will - as he puts it himself, when Merriman (Merlin) says that he must sometimes wish he was just an ordinary boy, "Sometimes - but not always."
 * Bran as well, at least in book four when he reflects on how he was always hated and rejected for his Technicolor Eyes and being assumed an Evil Albino.
 * Not straighforward with Bran either, since he also has a kind of arrogance about being albino and therefore different and 'special'. Will picks up on this in book four and Jane in book five.
 * I Know You Know I Know: The agents of the Light and the Dark have a few conversations like this.
 * I Know Your True Name: A power over other supernatural beings by knowing and invoking their true names is explicitly described as a method of the Light in the Book of Gramarye. The reader first sees it used by Merriman on Hastings/the Black Rider at the climax of the first book; he does so again to Maggie Barnes in book two. In that same book, the Black Rider attempts a spell based on the same premise when he uses the Christmas ornament which was carved for Will at birth and a strand of Mary's hair to take control of his sister and exert leverage upon him. Unfortunately for the Rider, who Did Not Do the Research, the ornament in question had actually been carved to resemble the symbol of the Light, and he was thus powerless against it.
 * Identical Grandson: When the Drews and the Rowlands visit the past, this is apparently the case, since Evan Rowlands and his wife look exactly like John and Blodwen, while Caradog Lewis is the spitting image of Prichard. In the latter case this is also an example of Generation Xerox, since despite Merriman's warning Prichard ends up making the same mistakes as and becoming exactly like his ancestor.
 * Incorruptible Pure Pureness: When applied to water—stated to be free of magic when it is moving, so that anything in it cannot be harmed or used by the Dark, and in fact the Dark cannot cross it.
 * Instant Expert: Will, at riding horses. Justified because both the white mare of the Light and the horses in the Lost Land are magical.
 * Intergenerational Friendship: Eleven- to twelve-year-old Will and his white-haired mentor Merriman. Mind you, in their other reality they're ageless Old Ones, but still. Also perhaps the Drew children and Merriman, though he's more like family, being their courtesy uncle.
 * In the Blood: Apparently, the influence of the Dark in Caradog Prichard's line is this, thanks to what we learn about his ancestor during the Drews' jaunt to the past.
 * Either that or, as Merriman suggests, the Dark's vengeance for his maternal grandmother Caradog Lewis's having failed them by being found out.
 * Kick the Dog: Something the Dark is very good at. What happens to Hawkin, Will's mother getting hurt and his sister kidnapped and subjected to Mind Rape, the death of Cafall, and, all qualify.
 * It backfires at one point. Will gets the sixth and last sign from a great ship, carrying a long dead king who was an ally of the Light (but not King Arthur), and all his possessions. After he claims it, in an act of spite the Dark sets the whole ship on fire. Will is horrified by it, but Merry points out that Dark was so eager to be spiteful that they didn't think it through. All they have done is give the King what he deserves.
 * King in the Mountain: Aside from Arthur himself, there are the Six Sleepers, hidden somewhere inside Cader Idris above the "pleasant lake", who can only be wakened by the golden harp.
 * Language of Magic: The Old Speech
 * Laser-Guided Amnesia: Used by the painter of the Dark on Barney to make him forget the grail (but not Simon), and on all the Drews by Captain Toms to make them forget Will and Merriman jumping off Kemare Head to visit Tethys.
 * Laser-Guided Karma: Villainous version—the Black Rider, the painter, and Caradog Prichard more than get what is coming to them. Heroic--Jane's kindness to the Greenwitch is repaid with the missing scroll.
 * Leaning on the Fourth Wall / Painting the Fourth Wall: The "theatre of life" Will and Bran find in the City of the Lost Land. From the missing side of the room that makes for a literal No Fourth Wall, to the fact they can later observe the people in it from the outside just as they were observed earlier (and always by the reader), to Gwion's commentary that "all life is theatre, we are all actors...in a play which nobody wrote and which nobody will see. We have no audience but ourselves", it all seems like one long metafictional Lampshade Hanging by Cooper on the nature of fiction. Gwion's wry note that this is "the best kind of theatre there can be" even suggests the idea that authors first and foremost write for themselves, regardless of whether anyone ever will read their work.
 * Light Is Not Good: The White Rider, robed and hooded in white, representing the evil in beings totally "blinded by their shining ideas".
 * Linked-List Clue Methodology: How the Cornishman made the map to lead to the grail. (And using clues which depended on location, season, and even year to make it that much harder to decipher.)
 * Literary Allusion: When John Rowlands plaintively asks Merriman if, Merriman's response is a paraphrase of The Merchant of Venice.

"Bran, in falsetto: Oooh! A red rose, is it? Will: Get lost. Bran: Not so pretty as Jane, that one who threw it, Will: As who? Bran: Jane Drew. Don't you think she's pretty, then? Will: I suppose so, yes. I never thought about it. Bran: One good thing about you, you're uncomplicated."
 * The kids quote from Shakespeare at the beginning of book five. Cooper appears to be a major Shakespeare fan—look at her later novel King of Shadows and the Shakespeare references in The Boggart. Simon also alludes to ''Great Expectations by calling his parents A.P.s, for Aged Parents. On having the abbreviation explained to him, Bran says, "Believe it or not, they teach Dickens in Welsh schools too."
 * Locked Out of the Loop: The families of all the children, obviously, but usually the three Drews are as well.
 * Luckily, My Powers Will Protect Me: Against certain forms of Sympathetic Magic - in The Dark Is Rising, Will points out that the Black Rider's attempted name magic against him couldn't have worked because Old Ones have no names, and the Rider retorts with the fact that the Lords of the Dark have no shadows.
 * Lucky Seven: Will is the seventh son of a seventh son.
 * Mad Artist: The unnamed villain of Greenwitch.
 * The Magic Goes Away
 * Magic Music: The golden harp which wakes the Six Sleepers, and which (being High Magic) is able to negate any magic to protect the player, is the most obvious example of this, but the music which plays whenever the Doors open or something momentous happens for the Light also counts, and Gwion's music seems to have at least a calming effect if not also providing a protective barrier at times. But this only makes sense since he is Taliesin.
 * Will is a gifted boy soprano and sings spells a couple of times. "The mountains are singing and the Lady comes..." Nearly Will's entire family is musical, particularly his older brothers Paul, a flutist, and James, also a boy soprano. Bran, Bran's mother  and John Rowlands all play the harp.
 * Manipulative Bastard: The Black Rider, hands down. There's his hypnotism of Barney in the first book as Hastings (preceded by a very charismatic rhetoric in which he almost convinced Barney he was on the good side and Great-Uncle Merry was on the bad side); his Did Mom Just Have Tea with Cthulhu? moment at Christmas; his kidnapping, enchanting, and near Mind Rape of Will's sister Mary just before Twelfth Night; his taunting appearance in the rose garden and just before the glass tower in the Lost Land; and his attempt to use Mrs. Rowlands to obtain John's cooperation in outlawing Bran from participating in the final showdown.
 * Masquerade: The entire conflict of Light vs. Dark.
 * Massive-Numbered Siblings: The Stanton family. The movie ruined this by making them Expies of the Weasleys, but in the book Will had eight siblings—Stephen, subject of Will's Big Brother Worship; Max; Gwen; the Different As Night and Day twins Robin and Paul (the former is The Big Guy and a Boisterous Bruiser but actually loves music and singing while the latter is The Quiet One and The Stoic); Barbara; Mary, who is at times The Scrappy or at least a more grown-up version of the Annoying Younger Sibling; and James, Fun Personified and with whom Will has Sibling Rivalry. They even have a Dead Older Brother, Tom.
 * Meaningful Name: Merriman Lyon=Merry Lyon=Merlion=Merlin. Jane's name happens to be similar to one of the Lady's names, Jana or Juno. John Wayland Smith's middle name is a reference to the legendary Saxon smith, Weyland. The alias the Black Rider assumes in The Dark Is Rising, Mr. Mitothin, is associated with Loki. It may also be noted that Simon is the name of one of the apostles, Simon-Peter. The crystal sword's name, Eirias, meaning "blazing", is an in-story deliberate invocation of the trope. And the mountain Bran's mother comes from, Cader Idris, means.
 * A different sort of Meaningful Name appears with Cafall:.
 * Barnabas was one of the earliest Christians and went on missionary journeys with St Paul. John was also one of the apostles.
 * The Mole: in the first book,  in the last.
 * More Than Mind Control / Demonic Possession: How the Grey King first influences, then actually takes control of, Caradog Prichard as he gets more desperate to stop Will's quest.
 * Mundane Solution: How to stop the mad Walker from bringing the Dark into Huntercombe Manor through the spells of the deep cold? Give him a sedative.
 * My Girl Is Not a Slut: Owen Davies's defense of Bran's "unwed" mother.
 * My Significance Sense Is Tingling: While Will tends to react this way anytime something portentous happens in his dealings with the Dark and the Light, book five is notable for having a large number of these moments. He senses the High Magic at the Bearded Lake and thus knows that is where they will find the Lady, then later senses the afanc as it attacks. He senses the opening of the path to the Lost Land before it happens, senses both the Riders and Merriman when they are nearby and contacting him respectively, and senses the right time to use the golden shield.
 * A Mythology Is True: Celtic Mythology, especially of the Welsh or Cornish variety. Except for one odd Crossover Cosmology example, the Greek sea goddess Tethys, who makes a random appearance in book three. Book three also contains a reference to the Egyptian deity Anubis, apparently associated in some way with the prophecies of the Dark.
 * Anubis had to do with mummification and the afterlife, so it makes sense.
 * In the last book, it appears that despite being disparaged by Stephen and James, Gerard's old book of biology and botany has at least some basis in truth: the scarlet pimpernel, which is claimed to be "good against venomous beasts" and which Stephen placed in his buttonhole and forgot about, protected him from the attacking mink.
 * Nietzsche Wannabe: King Gwyddno Garanhir of the Lost Land has become this, thanks to the Despair Event Horizon the Dark invoked upon him after he made the crystal sword.
 * The Nondescript: Owen Davies, Bran's adopted father. Lampshaded by Will, particularly in respect to the sweeping drama and romance of his love story.
 * Not Distracted by the Sexy: Will, regarding Jane Drew, to Bran's astonished amusement. (Apparently She's All Grown Up, at least from Bran's point of view.) Whether this is due to Will's orientation or him having a higher calling that puts him above such things, it still leads to a funny moment:

"Will: If Arthur had ridden over every hollow called Arthur's Hoofprint, or sat on every rock called Arthur's Seat, or drunk from every spring called Arthur's Well, he'd have spent his whole life traveling 'round Britain without a stop. Barney: And so would the knights, to sit 'round every hill called King Arthur's Round Table. (Of course then, Carn March Arthur and the afanc from the Bearded Lake turned out to be the genuine article, not a fake legend at all.)"
 * Nothing Is Scarier: Night on Kemare Head, among the standing stones, in the empty shadows and windy quiet, with Hastings and the Dark somewhere, watching...
 * Numerological Motif: Six signs, six sleepers, seven trees in the Lost Land, four Things of Power, three from the Circle and three from the track...
 * An Offer You Can't Refuse: Trade his sister Mary for the Six Signs. Will refuses.
 * Ooh, Me Accent's Slipping: In-universe example, in both heroic and villainous flavors. Will, all-unknowingly, speaks in the Old Speech when he comes into his powers on his birthday, thus immediately giving away that he is an Old One. At the same time, when the Black Rider responds to him in kind, he seemingly speaks English with an odd accent Will can't place. This is because, Merriman and the Lady later explain, the Dark cannot speak the Old Speech without betraying their inner nature.
 * Orcus on His Throne: The Grey King is said to be the oldest and most powerful Lord of the Dark, but he doesn't venture out of his mountain, so he is only encountered in The Grey King. This works somewhat in his favor, as his isolation means the Light has virtually no helpful information on him.
 * Place of Power: A number of these appear in the books, including places that are naturally magical (Kemare Head apparently, the hill where the ship and the Sign of Water is hidden, Bird Rock, Llyn Mwyngil, the midsummmer tree) and ones that are enchanted by the Old Ones or High Magic, either temporarily (the cottages in book three, the Grey House) or permanently (Huntercombe Manor, the Lost Land). Of special note are the Old Ways, magical roads that exist even after physical roads vanish or change position atop them.
 * Plot Coupon: Pretty much the Trope Namer.
 * Plot Magnet: Barney, by virtue of being the youngest and (presumably) the most vulnerable of the Drew children. In the first book he is kidnapped and hypnotized by Hastings; in the third he is kidnapped by the painter, compelled to scry in the grail, and then given Laser-Guided Amnesia; and in the fifth book, he is kidnapped by the White Rider and taken back to the time of Owain Glyndwyr, where he is almost executed as an English spy. To a lesser extent all the Drews are this in the last book, since the afanc targets Jane in order to obtain the Lady's prophecies from her, and later all three are sent back to an earlier time at the harbor, thus necessitating Merriman coming to their rescue so he could not join Will and Bran in the Lost Land.
 * Portal Door
 * Prophecies Rhyme All the Time: The prophecy at the top of this page goes on for another three verses of rhyming couplets, and there's another one introduced in the fourth book that's even longer.
 * It's worth noting that the second prophecy actually starts out with non-rhyming couplets, but falls right back into the rhyme scheme after the first verse.
 * Psychic Static: Will thinks about his breakfast to avoid getting his mind read.
 * Psycho for Hire: Herne the Hunter is implied to be one for the Light.
 * Puberty Superpower: If eleven counts as puberty age. In real life, eleven is the age where British children start senior school, and therefore take their first step towards adulthood/a new world. It comes up as a magical age in British fantasy quite often.
 * Word of God confirms that eleven was picked largely because kids often enter puberty then. Everything else is changing, why not acquire superpowers too?
 * Ransacked Room: In Over Sea, Under Stone
 * Rape as Backstory / Rape as Drama: Very strongly implied to be what would have happened had Owen Davies not arrived in time to save Bran's mother from Caradog Prichard.
 * Real Men Wear Pink: John Rowlands, darkly-tanned, rough-skinned, sometimes shirtless, stoic and hardworking farmer and sheepherder...and he plays the harp.
 * Really Seven Hundred Years Old: An interesting case in Will. Physically, he really is 11-15, depending on which book you're reading, but once the Old One in him is awakened, he's very much older than that mentally and emotionally.
 * Redemption Equals Death: Hawkin.
 * Red Herring: Merriman acts as this for Hastings and the Withers in Over Sea, Under Stone.
 * The bag of stones found in Caer Wydyr are also this, since many readers likely thought they would turn out to be significant or at least magical. All they end up doing is serving as a reminder of what was lost in the memory wipe, and perhaps imply a future relationship for Jane and Bran.
 * Religious Horror: Disquieting undertones of this come through in The Dark Is Rising when the Dark makes its assault on the church on Christmas itself, and again in Greenwitch with the titular effigy even before it comes to life (complete with shades of The Wicker Man).
 * The Resenter: Hawkin, regarding Will for both "causing" his fate and for his special Old One powers. Jane also becomes this briefly in the last book, thanks to some Dark-induced jealousy toward Bran.
 * Roma: The painter of the Dark in book three claims to have this ancestry, as a reason for why he is using a Gypsy caravan. This is most likely a lie, though he does have the right looks and he has Barney scry in the grail (but this could just be a common power among the Dark).
 * Rule of Symbolism: Happens everywhere, whether through Foreshadowing, the fulfillment of prophecy, or the syncretization of Celtic, Arthurian, and Welsh mythology, but a particularly obvious example comes in Will's musings on how, Bran, and Herne the Hunter (who aside from being a True Neutral might as well be the spirit of the Light in its wildest, harshest form) are "all three one and the same". Also, it is likely no accident that the Sign of Fire which breaks the cold of winter (the death of the year) is given to Will from within a flower (spring/rebirth).
 * San Dimas Time: Even though the Old Ones' Time Travel should allow them to have all the time in the world to perform the task and go from one time to another, and even though in every other instance of the series this was not the case, Merriman tells Will in the last book that he only has "a night and a day" in his own time to recover the Six Signs so they may be used in time to combat the Dark at the Battle of Badon and in the present. This may be because it is the last great Rising, or because it is a rule of the High Magic which is being used to conceal the Signs.
 * Self-Destructing Security: The protection surrounding the Book of Gramarye in The Dark Is Rising.
 * Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: A literal example—when the Drews are told by Will and Bran that they need to find the Lady and the only clue they have is the prophetic line "The mountains are singing and the Lady comes", their first impulse is to ask if there's a Welsh place called "Singing Mountain" so they can go there. There isn't, but.
 * Ship Tease: Between Jane and Bran at the end of Silver On The Tree. In particular, Bran gives Jane the nickname "Jenny", which is of course short for "Jennifer", which is the Cornish version of "Guinevere", which mirrors the fact that Bran himself is.
 * Shoot the Dog:
 * Shrouded in Myth / Historical In-Joke: Lampshaded by Will when he, Bran, and the Drews visit Carn March Arthur.

"Power from the green witch, lost beneath the sea; All shall find the light at last, silver on the tree."
 * Silly Rabbit, Idealism Is for Kids: How Owen Davies treats any notion of magic, fairy tales, or anything that is beyond the real, normal world. While he is a devoted Christian and therefore denies the supernatural as a matter of dogma, it becomes apparent that deep down he does know what's going on and hopes to keep Bran Locked Out of the Loop in the hopes that he will lead a normal life as a result.
 * Sinister Minister: Hastings, the Big Bad of Over Sea, Under Stone and another form of the Black Rider.
 * Sinister Surveillance: The warestone. (Since "ware" is short either for "aware" or "beware", it's even Exactly What It Says on the Tin.) Also doubles as an Emotion Bomb, able to induce anger, despair, and fear, possibly more.
 * Skewed Priorities: In the last book, Simon briefly considers his starting boarding school more important than preventing The End of the World as We Know It.
 * Slap Slap Kiss: Some of this comes through in how Jane treats Bran when they first meet, crossed with jealousy on her part for him intruding on the special relationship she had with Will in Greenwitch. Considering the fact Will has a higher calling, that Bran seems to notice Jane's attractiveness, and that at the end even after the Wistful Amnesia Bran gives her a stone from the Lost Land (complete with a cute nickname), a case could be made that she and Bran may get together when they're grown up.
 * The Slow Path: Hawkin, plus a number of artifacts including the Belt of Signs (hidden in a Roman Coliseum, of all places). A more specific example is the Sign of Wood, renewed in the past but which Will then has to travel back to the present to claim.
 * Speak of the Devil: Heroic variation. Merriman tells Will that he will appear to him again "when the Walker's circle is on your belt next to the first". When he later gets the Sign of Bronze but is caught by Maggie Barnes, the milkmaid taunts Will by placing it on his belt next to the Sign of Iron. Big mistake.
 * A Storm Is Coming
 * Sundial Waypoint: Two of the clues the Cornishman left on the map are of this nature, one involving the setting sun and the other the rising moon.
 * Sympathetic Magic: How the Black Rider gets control of Mary, through one of her hairs. May also be how the painter influenced Barney, through his drawing.
 * The Three Trials: Occurs multiple times in the series. Structurally, book two is divided into three parts actually called "The Finding", "The Learning", and "The Testing", which accurately describes the overall tasks Will undergoes. In book four, Will and Bran have to overcome three barriers—actually getting into Bird Rock, descending inside of it and making it through the blazing sun, and then answering the riddles of the three lords. And in book five, Will and Bran have to navigate the City (itself being divided into earning the right to be noticed by the Lost Land's citizens by revealing their quest, resisting the Black Rider and drawing on the magic of the fountain of the Light, and navigating the Hall of Mirrors in the empty palace), cross the Country, and then find a way inside the Castle so they can present the king with the five-line poem about Eirias they've acquired. Whew!
 * Time Stands Still
 * Timey-Wimey Ball: Applies sometimes to how the Old Ones travel through and manipulate time. One moment they're in the past, then the present; time passes in an eyeblink or follows The Slow Path; a moment in time can take place in two overlapping periods at once...
 * Title Drop:

"On Cadfan's Way where the kestrels call/Though grim from the Grey King shadows fall..."
 * Another example occurs in the very first book, when the Cornishman's story speaks of both Bedwin's burial site and where he hid the grail as being "over sea and under stone". The phrase turns up again in book three when the Greenwitch gives Jane her secret.
 * "The Dark is rising."
 * Also with the ''Grey King"; they reference him often, but the most obvious Title Drop comes with the poem that Will memorized:


 * Translator Microbes: When the Drews are sent back in time at Aberdyfi harbor, a magically-induced version of this occurs, shifting the Welsh being spoken around them into English to their ears whenever something significant is about to be said. What makes this odd is that it was the Dark that sent them back in time, yet the translation was still provided.
 * Treasure Map: Found in the attic of the Grey House in the first book; leads the Drew children to the grail. (No, not that grail, although it is said to be "made after the fashion of" it.)
 * Victory-Guided Amnesia
 * Villainous Fashion Sense: Whether appearing as Hastings or in his usual look, it can't be denied the Black Rider knows how to dress, speak, and act.
 * We Are as Mayflies: The Old Ones.
 * "Well Done, Son" Guy: Bran, to Owen Davies.
 * Wide-Eyed Idealist: Barney. What is especially significant about this is that he not only remains such despite everything done to him throughout the series, he is more often than not proven right. Judging by Merriman's reaction to Barney's excitement during the journey to the midsummer tree, it is this very trait which is the reason for his inclusion among the Six.
 * Wistful Amnesia:
 * The Wild Hunt
 * Words Do Not Make the Magic: What Merriman tells Will Stanton in The Dark is Rising about the spells and words of power in the Book of Gramarye.
 * The World Is Just Awesome: The moment in Silver on the Tree when the Drews are in Wales, on the mountaintop overlooking the panoramic view, is either this or Scenery Porn. It even bookends the series, when the book concludes with them back where they started.
 * The World Tree: The midsummer tree, where the final conflict with the Dark takes place.
 * Worth It: Will's conclusion when weighing Caradog Prichard's anger at being thwarted versus the hilarity of the two sliced tires.
 * Year Inside, Hour Outside: Implied to be how the Book of Gramarye works while being read. It isn't clear how much time passes in the Lost Land versus the outside world, but Will and Bran do seem to be there a lot longer than they are counted 'missing' by the Rowlands.
 * You Can't Fight Fate

The film provides examples of

 * Actor Allusion: The Black Rider (played by Christopher Eccleston) pretends to be the village doctor.
 * Captain Ersatz: The Stantons are now the Weasleys. Prankster twins, Aloof Big Brother, traitorous big brother, annoying sister... Check check check check!
 * Cultural Translation
 * Deus Ex Machina: The skeleton. Granted, he was an Old One, but aren't they immortal, anyway?
 * Hormone-Addled Teenager: What's one of the first things Will wants to do with his powers? Get a girl. His brother's girlfriend, no less.
 * In Name Only: Except even the title was changed; now it's The Seeker: The Dark is Rising.
 * Market-Based Title: The above is actually a compound of two distinct titles – the film was entirely retitled to plain The Seeker in the USA, arguably fittingly in light of its large divergence from the source material. In the UK, where the books are perhaps best known, the title remained The Dark Is Rising. Canada got the compound of the two. Other markets got more 'descriptive' titles, e.g. Portuguese- and Spanish-speaking countries used ones that translate to The Six Signs of the Light.