Improvised Microgravity Maneuvering

A form of MacGyvering where the hero creates thrust to push him/herself through the microgravity of space with something other than a standard engine. Of course, since there's no air resistance in the vacuum of space, almost anything will do. Thank you, Newton's Third Law!

Examples of Improvised Microgravity Maneuvering include:

Anime

Spike Spiegel from Cowboy Bebop once used the recoil from a pistol in such a fashion.

Film

In Event Horizon, one of the characters, stranded outside the ship, uses the remaining air in his spacesuit as a rocket in order to get back to the air lock.
In Like Flint. Derek Flint uses a "sonic amplifier" to maneuver in space. Did I mention he's IN SPACE, which is a vacuum?
- Impossible? Of course it's impossible! That's why he's Flint!
In 2001: A Space Odyssey, Dave Bowman uses the explosive decompression of the air inside his travel pod to return to the Discovery's airlock.
Harold and Kumar Escape From Guantanamo Bay; Harold has the only parachute, and he tells Kumar to "swim" in the air, so Harold can catch him, then open the parachute and save both their lives. It's not space, but they're in freefall, so that counts as microgravity.
In The a Team, the team uses the main gun of a TANK to maneuver the plummeting armored vehicle so it hits water instead of land. If the above Harold and Kumar counts, this should too. It's also utterly impractical but also Crazy Awesome.
In "Destination Moon", one astronaut turns an oxygen tank into an improvised thruster jet to rescue an adrift crewmate.

Literature

In the Isaac Asimov short story "Marooned Off Vesta", the characters maneuvered by cutting a hole in a water tank and using the escaping water as thrusting mass.
In Poul Anderson's short novel The Makeshift Rocket (also known as A Bicycle Built for Brew), the hero used a goofball contraption consisting of a spacesuit, several lashed-together crates, and a rocket motor that uses the gas from agitated beer barrels for propulsion.
While it didn't happen in space, in Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator, Willie Wonka shows everyone how to maneuver in microgravity by puffing their cheeks and blowing as hard as they can.
Arthur C. Clarke's novel The Sands of Mars featured an astronaut who once managed to stop and get stuck in the middle of a room. He eventually started throwing clothing the opposite way. That and a very badly timed VIP tour explain why he's stuck in the space boonies during the events of the novel.
During the climax of Ark Angel, Alex finds himself unable to reach anything while floating around on a space station, and resorts to taking his shoes off and throwing them.
While not in space, the hub of Gaea is basically in zero gee. To escape from it near the end of Wizard, Cirroco throws every object she was carrying in the opposite direction—and curses herself for throwing her gun without firing its ammo first.
One Bolo short story had a Bolo use the recoil from its Hellbore as a propulsion unit.
In Larry Niven's novel The Integral Trees, the tree-dwellers occasionally use high pressure "spitter" seedpods (that shoot seeds out once they are broken open on one end) as rocket motors.

Live Action TV

In the Doctor Who serial "Four to Doomsday", the Fifth Doctor threw a cricket ball in one direction in order to move himself in the other.
John Crichton maneuvered himself with a pulse rifle on Farscape.
In the pilot for Come Back Mrs Noah, Mrs Noah maneuvers in Zero G by spritzing her perfume sprayer.
In the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "Cause and Effect" the Enterprise is stuck in a time loop while everyone tries to figure out a way to maneuver it using non-standard thrust. (Of course the real problem was that once they learned that they were 30 seconds from collision, they spend the next 25 seconds talking about what they should do.)
- Talking Is a Free Action

Video Games

In The Journeyman Project 2: Buried in Time, the only way to reach the Amarax Station from your jump point is to use an aerosol can of Cheese Girl to propel yourself toward the station.
Players in Space Station 13" may sometimes be forced to do this. They have a tendency to fail.

Webcomics

In Freefall, Sam had difficulty maneuvering when he first went into space, but he came up with two solutions involving duct tape. First, Florence gave him a stick with duct tape wrapped around the ends for pushing off of surfaces. Later, when he was caught without his stick, he resorted to wrapping duct tape around his hands to climb along walls.
- His robot Helix turned off the electromagnets in his feet and used his coolant fan for thrust. (This left very few options for steering or braking.)
Used in Nine Planets Without Intelligent Life, after an accidental ejection from a car. It will take a while.

Western Animation

In Titan A.E., Captain Korso used a fire extinguisher to maneuver.
WALL-E, also with a fire extinguisher.
In-atmosphere example? Russell from the movie Up used a leafblower to propel himself while he was "technically" weightless, having several balloons tied to him.
Perry the Platypus used two aerosol spray cans like this once, to get out of a pit.
One episode of Rescue Heroes had one of the characters vent the air from his spacesuit's backup oxygen tank.

Real Life

One hypothesized way to do this, if you're in a sufficiently curved space time, is to swim! Unfortunately, it is almost unimaginably slow.
A famous orbital mechanics problem about this goes: if you're stranded 50 feet behind the space shuttle with only a wrench to maneuver with, how can you get back to the shuttle? If you were in deep space, the correct answer would of course be to throw the wrench away from the shuttle, causing you to drift slowly toward it. The space shuttle is in near-Earth orbit, however, and it turns out that this means the correct answer is to throw the wrench toward the shuttle; this will drop you into a lower (and thus faster) orbit than the one the shuttle is in, allowing you to catch up with it.
Might be a good idea to prepare yourself to do a lot of spitting, peeing and possibly amputating.