Muhammad/Analysis

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So, the four portrayal problems...

1. Religious Taboos: Some Muslims (far from all) consider it haram (forbidden for believers) to portray the prophet at all, including text.
2. Freedom Of Speech issues: In the middle east as well as in the west.
3. Cultural bullying issues: A powerful group (in this case Westerners/Christians) joking about something important to another group (in this case Muhammed to Muslims) can be perceived as bullying.
4. Hate-speech issues: The previous problem is made far more infected by western culture's history of hate-speech and crusades against Muhammed/Islam/Muslims.

Religious Taboos

A lot of Muslims consider it to be haram (forbidden) to describe the prophet. This include words and texts as well as images, and is not limited to negative portrayals Of course, this varies a lot, as different groups of deeply religious Muslims have different views on this. Also, a lot of Muslims do in fact not want their own lives (much less the lives of others) to be rules by religious taboos.

At the core, it's a matter of whether or not we want religious scripture to dictate the rules for public secular life - the same kind of issue as whether or not The Bible is a valid reference point for deciding whether or not homosexuals should be permitted to get married in civil unions (which unlike a church wedding is a strictly secular matter). Religious leaders are fighting very hard to make themselves relevant by claiming a right to decide what people should and shouldn't be allowed to do.

It should be noted that the issue of portraying the prophet or not is mostly a debate within Islam, rather then a debate with pious Muslims and their supporters versus liberal Muslims, atheists of all nationalities and religious people of other faiths then Islam. One widespread belief within Islam is that one ought to be like the prophet, and in some interpretations this include that men ought to try to look like the prophet. Thus, portraits of Muhammad is an entire genre of Islamic literature and art. Banning portrayals of Muhammad is traditionally mostly a counter-reaction against this.

Also, in certain (very extreme) branches of Islam, the taboo is not about Muhammad. It's about portrayals, period. This stems from the practice of aniconism wherein images of living creatures are considered sinful as they may lead to idolatry. Said practice is shared across all Abrahamic faiths; while this has been historically practiced in Christianity, Judaism and most especially Islam have predominantly been aniconistic throughout their histories. It's forbidden to paint pictures or (in the most extreme—and thus little-followed—branches) write stories, no matter what one is painting or writing about. The act of creation belongs to Allah alone, and trying to create works of one's own is blasphemous hubris. What "creation" is is another story, one that those who accept this idea tend to argue about ad infinitum (some say painting is unacceptable but photography is OK, some say both are bad; some say you can paint, but you can't paint animals; some say you can paint animals but not people; some say you can paint people and animals but not human faces; some think music is unacceptable, while others don't; some say that all kinds of creative writing are acceptable, while some say that it's okay if it's non-fiction but not fiction, and others ban it entirely; etc.; etc.; etc. Who said that it was just Jews who liked to argue?). Though in this day and age where humans are constantly treated to loads and loads of imagery and information, aniconism in Islam has generally been reserved towards religious figures such as Muhammad as it would be otherwise impractical to observe the taboo against depictions of living things and/or objects especially in an informational or educational context, case in point when Wahhabi clerics in Saudi Arabia initially opposed the establishment of a television service in the country as they believed it to be immoral to produce images of humans.

Freedom Of Speech issues

In the western democracies, authors of fiction had to fight long and hard for the right to write about religious themes. In most of the Islamic world, the struggle for what the western democracies consider to be basic human rights and basic freedom of speech is still being fought. While more and more Islamic countries are gradually becoming more and more democratic, there's still a lot to do. Undemocratic forces use religious controversies as an excuse to try to deny the citizens of their countries access to the Internet.

The bullying issue

Add to this already complex situation that while Christianity is deeply rooted in Western culture (and to some extent in Japanese culture) Islam is not. Thus, when Western works poke fun at Christianity, deconstruct it, play around with it or whatever, they are doing it to their own culture. When Western works play around with Islam, it is instead perceived as stepping on another group. One that is often perceived as oppressed or at least less powerful.

The hate speech issue

Ever since Christianity took over as state religion of the Roman Empire, European culture has tended to consider "not being a Christian" to be synonymous with Moral Event Horizon. Muhammad is seen as having converted from polytheism to monotheism without converting to Christianity. And he also founded the one big competition to Christianity and the Christian empires. And thus we have over a millennium of Western media being very consistent in portraying Muhammad in ways that by modern standards are purely hateful and libelous.

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