Framing Device: Difference between revisions

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This is frequently used as a technique to highlight that the narrator of the framed story is not the actual author, and so draw attention to the possibility of an [[Unreliable Narrator]].
 
See [[Whole -Episode Flashback]], [[Storybook Opening]], and [[Nostalgic Narrator]] for more specific examples. When framing devices are stacked on top of each other, they create a [[Nested Story]]. If the existence of a framing device is used as a [[Plot Twist]], we're dealing with a [[Nested Story Reveal]]. If the framing story is "I came across this story and decided to publish it", the author is invoking the [[Literary Agent Hypothesis]].
 
Compare [[Intro-Only Point of View]].
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* The same framing device is used in Mika Waltari's ''[[The Egyptian]]''.
* [[Plato]]'s ''[[Symposium (Literature)|Symposium]]'' is doubly framed, with Apollodorus telling his companion a story that Aristodemus had told him, and which he had already told once to Glaucon. Then everyone gets drunk.
* Dan Simmons' ''[[Hyperion]]'' is more or less explicitly based on Chaucer's ''Canterbury Tales'' [[Recycled in Space|IN SPACE]]!, down to the fact that the storytellers are on a pilgrimage. [[Shout -Out|Literary allusions]] and [[Genius Bonus|Genius Bonuses]] abound. As it turns out, the stories framed all shed light on the frame story, and the sequel ''The Fall of Hyperion'' picks up from the end of the frame story.
* "The Story of Samson Yakovlich" in ''[[The Death of the Vazir Mukhtar]]'' provides some [[Start of Darkness|backstory]] for one of the antagonists.
* Jack Higgins' [[Second World War]] espionage thrillers ''The Eagle Has Landed'' and ''The Eagle Has Flown'' are framed by the conceit that Higgins himself has stumbled upon evidence of never-before-revealed plots from the war some 30 or so years later.
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* And let's not forget the original ''[[Star Trek the Original Series (TV)|Star Trek the Original Series]]'' frame story, "The Menagerie," the only 2-parter of the original series, which was a frame story added around the original pilot episode -- whose differences from the regular series were justified by claiming it took place 13 years earlier.
* The whole of ''[[How I Met Your Mother]]'' is a framing device. It's older Ted telling his kids [[Exactly What It Says On the Tin|how he, well, met their mother.]]
* ''[[Doctor Who (TV)|Doctor Who]]'' has experimented with them on occasion; Timothy Dalton's [[Narrator All Along]] in ''The End of Time'' is an example, but the clearest one is the season-spanning ''Trial of a Time Lord'', where three complete four-part stories were presented as evidence in the Doctor's trial.
* ''[[Gossip Girl]]'' is told from the perspective of a semi-omniscient gossip blogger. What makes this unique is said blogger is an actual (albeit anonymous) character, and the rest of the cast is fully aware of the fact that she is telling the world all about their lives with much of the story conflict revolving around keeping her from knowing too much.
* Not only is most of the ''[[Round the Twist]]'' episode "Santa Claws" a flashback told by Pete, explaining to his classmates how his mouth was shrunk, [[All Just a Dream|this was a dream]] as well (which we knew from the opening scene).
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* The early [[Halloween Episode|Treehouse of Horror episodes]] of ''[[The Simpsons (Animation)|The Simpsons]]'' had them:
** The first one had Homer listening in on Bart and Lisa exchanging stories in a treehouse ([[Artifact Title|hence the name of the series' Halloween episodes]]).
** The second one had Bart, Lisa, and Homer eating too much candy before bed, with the [[Three Shorts]] themselves presented as prolonged [[Nightmare Sequence|Nightmare Sequences]]. The last short appears to have ended with a return to the frame story, only to continue where the short left off by {{spoiler|revealing that Mr. Burns had his head grafted to Homer's body}}. Cue fake [["On the Next..."]].
** The third one featured the family throwing a Halloween party, with Lisa, Grandpa, and Bart telling the stories.
** The fourth episode is the last one to feature a framing device, with Bart presenting the stories in the manner of ''[[Night Gallery]]''.
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[[Category:Self Demonstrating Article]]
[[Category:Framing Device]]
[[Category:Trope]]