Ludd Was Right: Difference between revisions

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Alternate title: [[A Worldwide Punomenon|Ludd was Aight]].
 
According to [http://town.hall.org/radio/LuddLand/ folklore], sometime in the late 18th century or early 19th century, a man named [[wikipedia:Ned Ludd|Ned Ludd]] broke into a factory and destroyed two machines as a protest against technology. A movement to resist the industrial revolution and favor agrarian societies named itself the [[wikipedia:Luddite|Luddites]] in his honor. Agriculture itself was a technological advancement over hunting and gathering - but of course neither Ludd nor his opponents would have known that at the time. Incidentally, it wasn't actually an anti-technology movement. It was basically a unionist movement. Traditional craftsmen, such as wainwrights and blacksmiths, were their own masters, able to work whatever hours they wanted as long as they delivered their products on time. Industrialization reduced their crafts to menial labor that could often be performed by unskilled workers. If the artisans tried to make the transition, they were faced with lower wages and fixed working hours -- somethinghours—something referred to in the American South as "wage-slavery". The Luddites were just protesting against changes they felt would destroy their way of life. Today the term 'Luddite' can refer (usually disparagingly) to any opposition to technology, though a major argument continues to be that effort-saving devices put people out of work. While some regard Luddism as a [[Dead Horse Trope]], a quick search of the internet -- orinternet—or the latest movies -- willmovies—will prove that [http://www.primitivism.com/primitive-affluence.htm not to be the case].
 
This trope manifests itself as follows:
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# If a society used to having everything done with magic, technology, etc. is [[Decade Dissonance|compared]] to [[Noble Savage|another]] [[Arcadia|society]] which [[Medieval Stasis|does everything]] [[Good Old Ways|the old-fashioned way]], the [[Society Is to Blame|more advanced society]] will be portrayed as a [[Dystopia]] of [[Aesoptinum|some kind]].
 
Examples tend to be [[Anvilicious]] [[Author Filibuster|Author Filibusters]]s.
 
Basically, [[Science Is Bad]] on a [[Society Is to Blame|global scale]]. See also [[Artistic License Economics]]. Also [[Green Aesop]]. May be the ([[Scale of Scientific Sins|sinful]]) Discipline in [[Harmony Versus Discipline]]. In fiction, may be enforced by [[Status Quo Is God]] (and in extreme cases, a [[Reset Button]]). Compare [[Industrialized Evil]], where evil itself uses the scientific method and/or efficient methods of "production" (not necessarily machines, but that's popular too).
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* A subtext in ''Daiku No Gensan''/''[[Hammerin Harry]]''. The villains are modern construction workers and the company they work for. The hero is a traditional Japanese carpenter. The heroine/love interest/frequent [[Damsel in Distress]] is the heir to the company that employs him.
 
== Technology replaces labor: ==
=== [[Anime and Manga]] ===
* The underground rebellion in [[Osamu Tezuka]]'s ''[[Manga/Metropolis|Metropolis]]'' is motivated by human workers being displaced by robots.
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=== [[Live Action TV]] ===
* An episode of ''[[Monk]]'' intentionally invokes the story of John Henry in regards to Adrian Monk vs. the technologically supplied FBI agents. However, given how over the top the FBI acts, it's likely this was more of a parody of modern crime dramas, such as [[CSI]]. In the end, the escaping bad guy is caught thanks to a high-tec hand-held device... that the chief threw at him.
* ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series]]'' episode ''"The Ultimate Computer"'': A new computer has been developed that can control an entire star-ship by itself, making crews and captains obsolete. For the entire episode, Kirk, Bones and at one point (briefly) even Spock make speeches about how terrible it is that people will be replaced by machines, how the computer will take something of what it is to be a "man" away from humanity, how computers just ''can't'' do the job with the same "heart" as people, etc. Bones evokes the trope explicitly at one point, noting how hard it is to lose one's job to automation. Of course, just to drive the point home, it turns out that [[AI Is a Crapshoot]], and the computer's designer was insane, to boot. [[Broken Aesop|Which of course]] ''proves'' that [[Ludd Was Right]]... even though it's made clear that if the designer was more psychologically stable, the computer might have worked just fine.
** The [[aesop]] feels more sincere in the first half of the episode, ''before'' the computer conveniently goes haywire, when it appears to be working [[Gone Horribly Right|just fine:]]
{{quote|'''Kirk''': "There are certain things men must do to remain men. Your computer would take that away.''
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* There were other encounters with Luddites on ''[[Star Trek]]'':
** Kirk's attorney, [[Meaningful Name|Samuel T. Cogley]], in [[Star Trek/Recap/S1/E20 Court Martial|"Court Martial"]].
** The farmer/researchers in "This Side of Paradise" -- although—although their contentment with being isolated and living with minimal technology seems to stem as much from the spores as from anything else.
* Parodied in an episode of [[Kids in The Hall]], in which a group of laborers who work all day at holding their arms in a sink full of fish guts are replaced by a machine full of mannequin hands which can do the same job. When the manager insists this is the way of technology, the laborers point out that the manager can be replaced by a machine too. {{spoiler|Then he starts stuttering and falling apart [[Tomato Surprise|because he's a robot.]]}}
* The ''[[Battlestar Galactica Reimagined]]'' (2003) finale veers in this direction.
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* Argued for in ''The Lights in the Tunnel'', a free ebook by Martin Ford, available at http://www.thelightsinthetunnel.com/.
 
== Magic replaces labor: ==
=== [[Video Games]] ===
* One enemy faction in ''[[City of Villains]]'', the Luddites proclaim the large power plant is pure evil, and [[Mad Scientist|Dr. Aeon]] is [[Aesoptinium|using demonic powers to fuel]] the great Aeon City. {{spoiler|You can later learn that they're right on both counts.}} Oops.
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* Another example being ''[[Discworld/A Hat Full of Sky|A Hat Full of Sky]]'' where {{spoiler|Hiver-}}Tiffany makes cheese using magic. The next day it's shown to be melting away and atracting flies, and generally infit for consumption.
 
== Technically advanced society as [[Dystopia]]: ==
[[Cyberpunk]]?
=== [[Anime and Manga]] ===
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** A supposedly primitive, happy society that is either secretly rather advanced (such as the Organians), or long ago had once been advanced, but [[Space Amish|gave up a high tech lifestyle for a simple one]].
** Or a post-industrial revolution society that is really a paper [[Utopia]] hiding a [[Dystopia|dark secret]].
** Side note-- Thenote—The Federation itself is a subversion of the trope.
** The episode "Paradise" from season 2 of [[Star Trek: Deep Space Nine]] featured a marooned federation transport ship that had set up a luddite society (by necessity as the planet they had crashed on had some kind of energy field which disabled all their technology). To bad their leader turned out to be a draconian fascist {{spoiler|who marooned them on purpose and faked the energy field to force them all to adopt her anti-technology philosophy, to the point of letting people die from simple injuries or treatable illnesses rather than use medicine more advanced than local herbs.}}
* ''[[Stargate SG-1]]'' plays it similar to the Star Trek example. Any apparently human society is either:
** Less advanced than Earth, happy when free of alien influence, but unable to defend itself without help.
** More advanced than Earth and has some disturbingly [[Dystopia|dystopiandystopia]]n element. And when they weren't dystopian, they either refused to help Earth and/or got blown up.
*** There are also planets with Cold War era technology that are, well, experiencing a cold war. At least one destroyed themselves in a nuclear war. One might actually consider this natural human development, though. Technology isn't the problem; people are.
** On the other hand, Earth itself advances its technology ''considerably'', and this is never portrayed as a bad thing-- inthing—in fact it's a major purpose of the SGC. Towards the end of the show, Earth is sufficiently advanced that the show had no qualms about introducing a friendly minor civilization with near-future technology.
*** [[Holding Back the Phlebotinum|Of course, even then,]] all the advanced tech is being held at Area 51 or used only by SG teams and ships. It's stressed on several occasions that Earth as a whole is not ready for [[The Masquerade]] to break just yet.
*** Although, it is mentioned that some technology was leaking into the commercial market, but it's rarely discussed, so it's less [[Ludd Was Right]] and more about something minor but inevitable happening.
* The remake of ''[[Battlestar Galactica]]'' ends with the entire fleet {{spoiler|spontaneously deciding that [[Ludd Was Right]] and it's time to throw away all their advanced technology, hand the Cylon basestar over to the Centurions, launch the rest of their fleet into the sun, and embark on a [[Inferred Holocaust|primitive existence on a totally unfamiliar world]]. This was unfortunately a result of the need for the fleet to become us as shown in the coda to the finale, and flew right in the face of the lessons learned by the characters over the series. Lee actually said they needed to grow before they could attempt to live as they had done, ignoring that they had ''done just that'' over the series, even coming to gather with the artificially created Cylons (some of them), and the point had never been 'technology is bad', merely the societal problems ''they had just overcome!''}}
** The sad part is that it could easily have been tweaked so that {{spoiler|the colonials founded Atlantis, then destroyed themselves and their advanced technology a few generations down the line.}} Same Aesop, fits the real-world timeline, and it ''makes sense''.
* The Alphaverse in ''[[Charlie Jade]]'' is far more technically advanced than our universe (the Betaverse); it's also severely polluted, run by corrupt corporations instead of governments, and is built on a caste system where the lowest class is considered property. A rather more subtle example, as not everyone who travels from Alpha to Beta prefers the latter. One scientist assigned to the Betaverse is disgusted by the crudity of cancer treatment, implying it's easily curable in her universe, and Charlie himself spends much of the series unimpressed by Beta and trying to get home to Alpha, which he describes as "Some place just like this, only better. And much worse."
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* In ''[[Deus Ex]]'', one of the endings consists of destroying the Aquinas Hub, a central 'bottleneck' for all of Earth's communication systems and allows the [[Big Bad]] to [[Big Brother Is Watching|listen into anything that's being shared on any digital media anywhere on Earth]]. Of course, it also means the end of globalization and the effective collapse of modern society since no advanced communications will work anymore.
 
== [[Magitek|Magically advanced]] society as [[Dystopia]]: ==
=== [[Film]] ===
* ''[[The Dark Crystal]]:'' the evil Skeksis use technology as well as magic, while the good Mystics live in caves.
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=== [[Literature]] ===
* In [[Mercedes Lackey]]'s ''[[wikipedia:Storm Warning (Mercedes Lackey novel)|The Mage Storms trilogy]]'' (part of the Valdemar series), a kingdom that runs on magic is disabled when magic becomes unreliable. Those who did things manually, and those too poor to afford magical assistance, do much better than their wealthier neighbors.
** However, the key for many of those who pull through very well is... Industrializing, the actual technological way. Complete with smoke-belching, coal fired steam engines (the kind emblematic of the ''darkest'' days of the Industrial Revolution). Hence [[Ludd Was Right]] was almost certainly not an intended aesop.
*** Also, the eponymous storms were utterly unforeseeable. The Empire was prepared and able to cope with every conceivable disaster, they were simple caught in the position of a society dependent on, say, wind power for energy when the wind suddenly stops blowing.
* The ''[[The Darksword Trilogy|Darksword]]'' trilogy is an inversion: the widespread use of magic and prohibition of technology has caused society to [[Medieval Stasis|stagnate]].
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