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Land of Black Gold (1950) is the 15th adventure of [[Tintin]], set in the troubled [[
The album re-introduces the villain Doctor J. W. Müller, who had debuted in [[Tintin (Comic Book)/Recap/The Black Island/Recap|The Black Island]] (1938). It has a complex publication history. The original version of the story was published in 1939-1940. Set in the British Mandate of Palestine, it had Tintin caught up in the then-ongoing [[Melee a Trois]] between the British colonial authorities, the Irgun (a zionist paramilitary force engaged in terrorist activities), and local Arab insurgents. Müller was depicted as a Nazi agent attempting to take advantage of the conflict.
The story was never completed due to the events of [[World War II]]. Belgium was set under German occupation and Hergé could no longer depict Nazi villains, for obvious reasons. He discontinued the story and turned to safer story subjects for the duration of the War. In 1948, Hergé relaunched the story with several changes in art and script. The characters of Captain Haddock and Professor Calculus, created following the publication of the original version, were added to the plot. This version was completed by 1950. But already looked dated at the time. The British Mandate had ended back in 1948. The new countries of [[
In 1972, Hergé created a third version of the story. Removing all references to actual locations and organizations. Changing the setting to the fictional country of Khemed and featuring a conflict between two of its internal factions. One under the reigning Emir Ben Kalish Ezab, the other under his rival Sheikh Bab El Ehr. The story had little to no resemblance to the then-ongoing Middle Eastern conflicts and removed significant characters from the previous versions.
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