Word of Dante: Difference between revisions
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0beta9)
(→Literature: clean up) |
(Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0beta9)) |
||
(18 intermediate revisions by 8 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{trope}}
{{quote|''"Now that I have said it, it must be [[Canon]]!"''|'''[[Little Kuriboh]]''' reviewing [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TNKW-UEk-q0&t=5m01s the first issue] of ''[[Yu-Gi-Oh!]]''}}
[[Word of God]] is stuff the creators have said is true about their universe, even though it's not in the actual work.
[[Word
Why does it matter? Because ''everyone'' thinks the [[Word
This is especially likely to happen if there is no one who can unambiguously provide [[Word of God]]. Without [[Word of God]], Word Of Dante is the strongest authority you have on how to interpret the canon. Often created when an [[Expanded Universe]] claims to be "official" and thus canon, but is ignored by the primary canon. If there ''is'' a [[Word of God]], however, then what Word Of Dante does get produced is just as likely as [[Fanon]] to be [[Jossed]] at some point.
Line 14:
May be the cause of [[Newer Than They Think]], especially if Dante is much younger than the work. Again, it's easier to have Word Of Dante if there is [[Author Existence Failure|no longer anyone]] to give [[Word of God]].
[[Beam Me Up, Scotty]] is a version of this, where the Word of Dante is a phrase.
Also related is the [[Death of the Author]], a concept from the field of literary criticism which states that all theories about a work (regardless of [[Word of God|their]] [[Fanon|source]]) can be equally valid. See also [[God Never Said That]].
{{examples|Examples:}}▼
== Anime & Manga ==
* Quite a few ''[[
** Most fans treat the "Toriyama intended to end the series at the Freeza saga, but [[Executive Meddling|his editors stopped him]]" rumor as unquestionable fact. Many fans do the same to the "Toriyama abandoned his plan to make Gohan the hero of the Boo saga because he was sent death threats by Goku fans" rumor. In actuality, both of these rumors were started and perpetuated by fans, and they have never received official confirmation.
* The fangame ''[[Fullmetal Alchemist:
* At no point in ''[[Code Geass]]'' canon is it ever stated that Lamperouge (the last name Lelouch and Nunnaly take after faking their deaths) was Marianne's maiden name.
** [[Action Girl]] Kallen Kouzuki goes by her Britannian father's surname "Stadtfeld" when in public due to the social stigma against Japanese. Fans often assume that she also "westernizes" her first name to "Karen" at the same time, or occasionally that she really ''is'' named Karen, and "Kallen" is her attempt to reject her "slave name". None of this reflects on canon; in fact, characters who only know her in her Stadtfeld identity still call her "Kallen".
*** 'Karen' being a Westernization of 'Kallen' doesn't even make sense - if 'Kallen' is supposed to be pre-Westernization, then why does it have Ls, a sound which doesn't appear in Japanese?
* The Director's Cut films of ''[[
* Recently, some pre-Sainthood "real names" for the main cast of [[Saint Seiya]] have been popping up in fics, particularly the last name "Amamiya" for Ikki and Shun. This in spite of the fact that only their constellation-based Saint titles have ever been used in the series proper.
* The [[
* In ''[[Elfen Lied]]'', Number Three (The Silpelit who infected Kurama, causing Mariko to be born a Diclonius) is often given the name Sanban by fans, even though that is simply the Number Three's Japanese translation, unlike Number Seven Nana, which is both a name and number. Further, a listing that only says it is from an official site states that Three is Nana's older sister. Nothing said in the manga or anime supports this.
* The ''[[Puella Magi Madoka Magica]]'' fandom has more or less unanimously decided that Homura is [[Conveniently an Orphan]], given that there is no indication that she has any sort of parent or caretaker. It is also an absurdly common piece of fanon that {{spoiler|[[Ensemble Darkhorse|Char]][[Knight of Cerebus|lotte]] was a [[Ill Girl|cancer patient]].}}
* ''[[Axis Powers Hetalia]]'' fandom has ''tons'' of these, partly because of [[Real Life]] being something of an alternative source material, partly because the webcomic is scattered between the site, the author's blog
* In ''[[Fairy Tail]]'', an early online manga translation translates the character Yajima's name as "Shitou", for whatever reason. Subsequent chapters call him "Yajima", leading people to believe he is actually called "Shitou Yajima". Seriously, it's ''everywhere''; he's even credited as "Shitou" in the English credits of the [[
▲* ''[[Axis Powers Hetalia]]'' fandom has ''tons'' of these, partly because of [[Real Life]] being something of an alternative source material, partly because the webcomic is scattered between the site, the author's blog and -- in some cases -- only on fansites because strips were removed or lost from the main site. And let's not even get to the [[Scanlation|scanlations]] with often questionable quality translations, although they have been easier to find as of late. You can find examples in the [[Fanon]] page.
▲* In ''[[Fairy Tail]]'', an early online manga translation translates the character Yajima's name as "Shitou", for whatever reason. Subsequent chapters call him "Yajima", leading people to believe he is actually called "Shitou Yajima". Seriously, it's ''everywhere''; he's even credited as "Shitou" in the English credits of the [[FU Nimation]] dub of the anime. The thing is, the chapter that gives his name in the collected manga volume calls him "Yajima", not "Shitou". The only logical explanation is that the original version of the chapter called him "Shitou", but the author changed it to "Yajima" for the manga volume. But because a the original Japanese version of the chapter likely doesn't exist online, the issue may never be clarified.
== Computer Programs ==
* Lots and lots of fan characters from the ''[[Vocaloid]]'' fandom have achieved popularity status with the main characters, and in videos and songs featuring them, you'll almost certainly find people in the comments wondering if Haku (the [[Anthropomorphic Personification]] of clumsy new users), Neru (the personification of [[Image Board]] [[
Line 43 ⟶ 42:
* The ''[[Star Wars]]'' Technical Commentaries fit this trope so well that much of their information overrides canon in the eyes of fans. The best example is the class name of the Star Destroyers from the original trilogy. Canonically, they're Imperial-Class according to the EU, the official website, and [[Word of God]]. Dr. Saxton, who wrote the technical commentaries, dubbed them "Imperator-Class" on the grounds that "Imperial" is a stupid name for a warship; he assumed that the Empire followed American and British tradition in naming ships and classes. Many fan works use "Imperator-class" and the name was eventually canonized in ''Revenge of the Sith: Incredible Cross-Sections'' (penned by Saxton as an author for Lucasfilm Licensing). Go, [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] naming-schemes!
** Though it's still established that, presumably out of pure ego, the Emperor changed the name to Imperial-class after he turned the Republic into [[The Empire]].
** Probably the most widely accepted piece of fanon (even on this very wiki) is the idea that [[Big Bad|Palpatine]], [[The Thrawn Trilogy|Thrawn]] (and sometimes even [[Knights of the Old Republic|Revan]]) were actually [[Well
*** Not mentioned ''explicitly'' as the Vong, but Palpatine's agent in ''[[Outbound Flight]]'' tells Thrawn that the Emperor is trying to unite the galaxy in an attempt to stand against an (at the time unnamed) enemy from beyond the Galactic Rim. This is what first convinces Thrawn to side with the Emperor, as he had encountered an unknown extra-galactic enemy before. Kreia in [[Knights of the Old Republic]] II makes a similar comment about Revan, but that later turned out to be the True Sith, members of the order that fled into solitude sometime around or before the Great Hyperspace War.
* ''[[
== Literature ==
* The ''[[Cthulhu Mythos]]'' includes various authors contemporary and after [[
* [[
** Before Perrault got hold of the "[[
** In the best-known version of "[[
* ''[[Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead]]'' is often taken as canon for ''[[
** Though it has become accepted that Hamlet speaks his lines to Yorick's skull in the famous graveyard scene, Shakespeare's First Folio (the first authorised publication of the play) makes no mention of it in the stage directions. In fact, Shakespeare used very few stage directions, so the ones that appear in modern editions have usually been added by subsequent editors.
*** That said, it's pretty clear from the lines that he is, in fact, intended to be talking to a skull. In particular, there's the darkly humorous pun, "Not one now, to mock your own grinning? Quite chap-fallen?" Chap-fallen figuratively means looking dejected, but literally means "jaw-dropped"
* Sir Arthur Conan Doyle never described [[Sherlock Holmes]] as wearing a [[Memetic Outfit|deerstalker cap or smoking a meerschaum pipe]].<ref>The closest he came was in "Silver Blaze", where Holmes ''is'' noted as wearing a cap with earflaps, but that's because of the illustrations, not vice versa</ref>
** However, many people forget that the stories were originally published in The Strand, accompanied by Sidney Paget's illustrations. Those illustrations do show Holmes in deerstalker cap and occasionally with a pipe. It wasn't until the books were reprinted that these illustrations were left out, and forgotten by many readers. Conan Doyle specifically asked for Paget to continue doing illustrations for his stories, making the illustrations canon. The cap and cape weren't all he wore, but it was certainly part of his wardrobe.
** Similarly, it's generally accepted these days to present Mycroft Holmes and the Diogenes Club as some sort of cover organisation or outpost of the British secret service. This is largely an invention of later pastiches; aside from a few hints that Mycroft's job in the British government is a bit more extensive than he likes to admit ("on certain occasions he ''is'' the British government"), it's never really suggested in the original canon that either the club nor Mycroft are anything other than what they appear to be (a near-silent club for reclusive eccentrics and a [[Brilliant but Lazy]] civil servant respectively).
** Holmes' relationship with "''The'' Woman", Irene Adler, has largely been expanded from a healthy respect for the one person we ever see outsmarting Holmes to a [[Dating Catwoman]]-like [[UST]] situation at the very least, thanks more or less to this trope combined with [[Promoted to Love Interest]].
*** This gets even ''weirder'' when one remembers that Irene married her own ''lawyer'' during that case and had ''no'' romantic interest in Holmes
*** And there's the fact that he only has any contact with her once (briefly) when he's casing her house under an assumed identity. The closest that they come to even having a conversation is when Irene leaves an extended letter for Holmes ''after'' she's already escaped.
* Tolkien never explicitly stated that Elves in''[[
** He made the connection in some ''very'' early works, mainly to explain the similarity of "ear" and "leaf" in the Elven language. The pointy-ear thing actually goes back to fairy stories, though.
** It's also widely accepted in Tolkien fandom that Smaug was the last dragon. In fact, this is never stated anywhere in the books, and indeed some of Gandalf's dialogue with Frodo implies that there ''are'' still dragons out
* [[King Arthur|Arthurian legend]] has gone through many cycles over the centuries, so that many of the familiar features may be newer than you'd assume. The character of Lancelot, his affair with Guinevere, Mordred's incestuous parentage, and the quest for the Holy Grail all came about during the legend's resurgence in popularity during the late middle ages. Some of them likely came to us by way of ''[[Le Morte
** The entire concept of the Holy Grail is this trope from start to finish, as there is nothing in [[The Bible]] that even suggests any piece of tableware was blessed or holy in any way, and originally Arthur and gang were searching for a fairly standard magical [[MacGuffin]]
* ''[[The Chronicles of Narnia]]'': these books are among the few fantasy epics that does ''not'' have any [[Doorstopper
** When there was just one film, the fandom started to accept the film's version of life for the Pevensies before going to Professor Kirke's place, since [[
** [[World War II]] in ''[[The Lion, the Witch
** Lots of people think Caspian/Susan is canon, when actually they barely talk to each other in the ''Prince Caspian'' book. The movie, however, did make it canon.
* The Terrible Dogfish from ''[[
* Some critics find [[Plato]]'s writing of [[Socrates]] to be this, since Socrates was emphatically opposed to writing any philosophical wisdom. Which statements were genuinely Socrates' and which ones were put in his mouth by Plato is a subject of much analytical debate. Plato certainly backpedaled on the statements that led to Socrates' execution.
Line 77 ⟶ 76:
== Live-Action TV ==
* On ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'', the demon in the [[Musical Episode]] is never named, and in the credits is listed as "Demon." However, fanon has named him Sweet, after a line in the credits saying "Sweet makeup provided by..."
** Either in [[I Knew It!|confirmation]] or [[Ascended Fanon|appeasal]], the character was credited as Sweet on the episode's soundtrack.
* [[SF Debris|A fan reviewer]] referred to an unnamed, silhouetted character in ''[[
** There are quite a few ''Trek'' examples, leading to cases where newer ''Trek''
** Of course, since Enterprise's major first arcs involved [[Timey
** Among the biggest
* In ''[[
* ''[[Glee
== Music ==
* The second movement of [[Ludwig Van Beethoven]]'s 8th Symphony allegedly originated as a canon honoring Johann Nepomuk Maelzel for his invention of the metronome. This canon (WoO 162) is now considered non-canonical, merely one of Anton Schindler's more elaborate fabrications about Beethoven's life.
** [[I Know You Know I Know|Or in more simple terms, Schindler's "canon" canon about Beethoven's canon
* The common myth that [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] and Antonio Salieri were enemies, or that Salieri killed Mozart, originates with the 1830 verse drama ''Mozart and Salieri'' by Alexander Pushkin, though most people know it from the film ''[[
* Thanks to Revo's [[Shrug of God|complete refusal to clear up any ambiguities in the albums]], most [[Sound Horizon]] "canon" is really just a large swath of widely-accepted fan theories.
== Mythology & Religion ==
* Dante Alighieri's ''[[The Divine Comedy
* This trope is older then the actual Bible we know today, with various other religious texts not included in canon but occasionally influential, known as Apocrypha. First there are the various ''deuterocanonical'' books which you might find after Revelation in your Bible (in Catholic and Orthodox Bibles, however, they'll simply be in the Old Testament- there are seven, not counting the codicils of Esther and Daniel and the appendix to Daniel). These are considered by Biblical scholars (in varying degrees) to be not canon, but not heretical. Why? A [[Serious Business]] but often some of it is as simple as obvious errors. Generally not found in modern Protestant Bibles but still available in common versions.
** Beyond this there are Apocrypha not found in any widely available version of the Bible. One of the oldest and most referenced is the Book of Enoch, which is possibly the [[Ur Example]] of
** Other texts called Apocrypha were
** "Apocrypha" has a specific meaning in terms of biblical studies; it refers to Old Testament books present in Greek sources (such as the Septuagint) that aren't present in the Hebrew Tanakh.
** Some people have said that Mary Magdalene wrote a gospel, though this is generally considered non-Canon by the church. A book of it was put out a few years ago{{when}}, however.
* These are only a few examples related to [[
** ''[[
** Lots of retellings of the nativity story shows us Jesus in a stable. The Bible never mentions any stable.
** "...and she gave birth to her firstborn, a son. She wrapped him in cloths and placed him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn." Luke 2:7.
*** December 25 is not mentioned as the date of the nativity.
** The names and number of Wise Men who visited Jesus were not mentioned in the Bible; they come from 6th to 8th century sources.
*** What's more, they likely did not visit Jesus on the day of His birth or twelve days after. It could have been up to two years.
** The Bible also never specifically singles out the [[Seven Deadly Sins]]. That set comes from later saints and Church Fathers (and originally, there were 25 of them.)
** Mary Magdalene is [
** Similarly, the Antichrist, who is mentioned only in the first epistle of John in the context of "many antichrists" (who are more likely general oppressors and heretics rather than specific apocalyptic enemies), is often identified with various apocalyptic figures, such as the Beast from the Sea from Revelation, the Man of Sin/Lawlessness from Second Thessalonians, and the Little Horn from Daniel.
** After Saul's conversion, he didn't deliberately change his name to Paul. Has birth name was Sha'ul (''Saul'' is the closest the Greek alphabet can come to rendering that name) and he never abandoned it. However, like many Romanized Jews he had a Latin name that he used when dealing with Gentiles--''Paulus'' or "Paul."
** Nowhere in the Garden of Eden story does the Bible mention the name of the forbidden fruit, commonly accepted as an apple by people who aren't Biblical scholars. In fact, Jewish sources debate five or six possibilities, which include everything from fig to grapes to ''wheat'', but no apple.
*** The word for "apple" in Latin is "malum" (long 'a') similar to the Latin word for "bad". Latin being the language of the Catholic Church, someone illuminating a manuscript probably thought "evil apple" to be a rather clever pun. (It wouldn't be the first time.) The Church says nothing either way, only in art does this tradition exist. Secondly, in early modern English "apple" was used to mean fruit in general (in the same way that "corn" meant the grain of an area, not any specific grain). When the meaning of "apple" got narrowed down, the picture of the fruit of the tree of knowledge was narrowed with it. In any case, the apple did not actually exist as an edible fruit until the Romans domesticated them, so Eve eating one is a bit of a stretch, to say the least.
** Jonah never spent time in the belly of a whale in [[
*** Speaking of [[Fan Nickname|Lucy]], the popular image of a red-skinned, horned, goat-legged devil with a pitchfork is neither biblical nor has it ever been mainstream Christian teaching. The picture is an steady amalgamation of pagan symbols attached to [[Satan]] over the years in order to discredit them.
*** In fact, in many early paintings he's represented as a goat that walks on his hind legs.
** There is only a single, fairly cryptic mention of "Lilith" (Isaiah 34:14). The idea of Lilith being the first woman before Eve comes from medieval Judaism.
*** Some traditions also hold that Lilith then had children of her own, from whom Cain's wife (also a bit of an explanatory difficulty) came.
** The Rapture, the Tribulation, and all the other elements of modern Fundamentalist eschatology were invented in the late 19th century, and were derived from painfully torturous reinterpretation of otherwise straightforward Bible verses.
** Naturally, ''[[Cracked.com]]'' has [http://www.cracked.com/article_18757_5-things-you-wont-believe-arent-in-bible.html an entire list of this trope for Christianity]. Along with those already mentioned is the entire concept of any of the fallen angels ruling Hell, as Hell is just as much a prison for them as it is for the sinners.
* [[
* The popular image of [[Santa Claus]] is taken from ''[[A Visit from St. Nicholas]]'' ("'Twas the night before Christmas..."). Before the poem was published in the 1820s, pretty much everyone had their own idea of what he looked like and how he traveled around. The popular modern image also owes a lot to Thomas Nast's cartoons of Santa in the 1860s. (And was refined by Coca-Cola ads in the early 20th century.)
* The modern perception of [[Norse Mythology]] and religious practices is mainly based on Christian or Muslim sources, such as the chronicle of Adam of Bremen from the 11th century, Ibn Fadlan's brief depiction of life among the Norse in Russia, or various texts by Icelandic skalds in the 13th century (such as [[
* Stories about [[King Arthur]] have been told and retold to the point where this happens. T. H. White's ''[[The Once and Future King]]'' is probably the best known these days, although most people are at least aware it's based on an older set of legends. Malory's ''[[Le Morte
* The Hadiths of Islam can be seen as an example of this: a huge body of phrases attributed to the Prophet but not actually part of
* The more fundamental differences between the sects of most major religions are largely due to separated groups coming to consider
== Theme Parks ==
* The "back story" of ''[[The Haunted Mansion]]'' at [[Disney Theme Parks]] is officially [[Multiple Choice Past|whatever the Cast Members that day decide it is]]. Still, a lot of it is mistaken for pure canon. A lot of it became [[Ascended Fanon]] through [[The Haunted Mansion (
== Videogames ==
* [[Bungie]] imported the concept of [[
* Herobrine is a character from a ''[[Minecraft]]'' creepypasta. Many people now think he's a real character, either Notch's dead brother or a dead miner.
** It has recently (sort of) become [[Ascended Fanon]] by constantly appearing in official release notes. Herobrine has now been removed several times from the game and "all ghost entities under the command of Lord Herobrine" have been removed.
* ''[[Touhou]]'' ''runs'' on
** ''Hisoutensoku'', the third fighting game in the series (numbered 12.3) had no official English title, a first for the series. For a few months after its release (and intermittently afterwards) the game was referred to as ''Unthinkable Natural Law'', after a loose translation of its Japanese title.
* ''[[
** In [[Final Fantasy I
* The two main writers of in-game books of ''[[The Elder Scrolls]],'' Ted Peterson (who was also lead designer of the first game and lead producer of the second) and Michael Kirkbride, sometimes post new lore on the forums. While not officially canon (since most of it isn't in the games themselves), it is seen as such by the fans. A collection of the works can be [https://web.archive.org/web/20100602043409/http://www.imperial-library.info/obscure_text/ found here].
** Among the fandom, there's the notion that Sheogorath is the only person in the Shivering Isles allowed to grow a beard, which is generally agreed upon to the point where it was ''stated on the wiki''. The evidence for this one comes from the fact that Sheogorath has a beard and that if the player goes to the place Sheogorath teleports you to when you try to attack him, where he drops criminals from multiple feet in the sky, there's a body with a note saying that the man was executed for having a beard. However, the note doesn't specify anything other than that he ''had'' a beard - for all we know, the crime could be that it was ''longer'' than Sheogorath's, not that it was ''there'' in the first place. [[Mad God|This being Sheogorath]], he might just have made up a random baseless excuse to kill the guy.
* People who found ''[[Mega Man (
** If Ran himself is asked, he will often answer that he is from ''Rockboard'', an obscure Japanese only ''Mega Man'' themed NES board game video game.
* Reno's backstory is never mentioned in ''[[
== Visual Novels ==
* Enkidu's appearance or character have never been brought up in the ''[[Fate/stay
== Webcomics ==
* ''[[MSF High]]'' suffers from this at times. Since the Question and Answer threads are sometimes answered by people other than Wraith, they run the risk of being
* For ''[[
** To a lesser extent, ''Nepetaquest 2011'' also discusses how some trolls use their hives as "waystations", which function as shops. This was more or less made up by the author entirely, but it's still cropped up in other fanfics.
** Speaking of troll society, there's also the idea that the troll deity is named "Gog", thanks to trolls referencing "Gog" and "Jegus" in conversations with the kids. This has gotten so prevalent that the fantroll community had to point out that the trolls using the term "Gog" are intentionally referencing a ''[[Sweet Bro and Hella Jeff]]'' misspelling - they otherwise say "Oh my God" as normal.
** In fact, the fantroll community has a ''lot'' of popular fanon that they take as canon for troll society, making it especially annoying when the [["Stop Having Fun!" Guys]] call [[Canon Defilement]] on a fantroll that contradicts these assumptions. Among them are that trolls see themselves as a [[Master Race]] and wipe out any species they conquer (when canon never states why or how they invade planets); that trolls are drafted when they reach 10 sweeps (when canon never specifies the exact point); and that they are visited by the Imperial Drone and this time and this time only (also never specified in canon, which, in fact, seems to imply it's a regularly occurring event.)
== Web Animation ==
* ''[[
== Web Original ==
* In addition to the above quote, [[Little Kuriboh]] mentioned in his commentary for ''[[Naruto:
== Western Animation ==
* Michael Demcio was the first to use the names Chip "Maplewood" and Dale "Oakmont" in his epic ''[[Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers (
* In the ''[[Dungeons and Dragons (
** Eric having the last name Montgomery. He must just look it. This concept is so established in [[Fanon]] that it can easily be mistaken for [[Canon]].
** "Presto" being short for Preston. This one is probably because of
* ''[[Total Drama Comeback]]'' gets this often for [[Total Drama Island|the Total Drama series]]. However, whether the creators are acknowledging (a "TDC" logo appeared in the second-season special) or subverting it (Ezekiel and Bridgette's personalities third season and their {{spoiler|early eliminations}}) it is still unknown.
* Overlapping with [[Creator Worship]], comments about ''[[My Little Pony
Line 178 ⟶ 175:
* A lot of phrases assumed to originate in the [[American Federalism|U.S. Constitution]] are actually from contemporaneous letters, speeches, or [[American Courts|Supreme Court]] decisions.
** The Declaration of Independence is probably the most frequent victim of this. It seems to run together with the Preamble to the Constitution in a lot of people's heads. One of the most common examples of this is its use by religious conservatives to uphold the idea that the Christian faith is enshrined in the Constitution. While the Declaration does contain mention of "Nature's God" and a "Creator", it is highly debatable whether or not these are references to the Christian God (many of the Founding Fathers were deists), and even if they are, the Declaration holds as much legal standing as the Articles of Confederation do.
** The phrase "separation of church and state" (and variations thereof) is possibly the single most prominent example within the Constitution itself, being derived from a letter written by [[Thomas Jefferson]] to the Danbury Baptists describing his intent for [[
** The Supreme Court's power of judicial review (i.e. deciding whether or not a law is constitutional) is not enshrined in the Constitution, but was created in 1804 via the landmark decision ''Marbury v. Madison''.
*** This isn't to say that judicial review was created out of thin air by the Supreme Court: the Constitution is (obviously and by its own admission<ref>The Supremacy Clause, or Article VI, Section 2, which states that "This Constitution...shall be the supreme ''law'' of the land.... (Emphasis added)</ref>) a law, and laws have always been subject to judicial interpretation under [[The Common Law]], which the US follows. ''Marbury'' is simply the Supreme Court (or rather John Marshall) explaining the consequences of that system interacting with an entrenched, written constitution.<ref>In a nutshell: The common law says that the judiciary gets to decide what the law means; when laws conflict, they get to decide which law trumps which. Because Britain has no written, entrenched constitution, all laws can be changed by a simple majority vote in Parliament: if a Statute A passed in 1789 seems to abrogate Statute B passed in 1779, then Statute A trumps Statute B (generally speaking). However, the Constitution is a law that cannot be changed by a majority vote in the legislature--the bar is ''way'' higher. This means that a statute that conflicts with the Constitution cannot be valid, because Congress alone cannot change the Constitution. And since the judiciary decides what laws mean--including the Constitution and statutes--and the Supreme Court is the highest organ of the judiciary, the Court gets final say on what laws are valid and invalid.</ref> So subverted in a way.
** The interesting thing is that the Supreme Court does, in fact, rely on these papers for a hint on how to interpret the Constitution, and that in [[The Common Law]] tradition, this is perfectly acceptable. ''The Federalist''/''The Federalist Papers'' is considered particularly persuasive. These have no real standing but being written by the same men that wrote the Constitution itself can be considered a meaningful window on their intent, and therefore how pieces of it should be interpreted.
* A lot of what people "know" about King Richard III is actually propaganda Shakespeare made up. He certainly wasn't an ugly cripple (although the discovery of his burial site in 2012 did reveal that he had scoliosis), and the informed opinion on whether he actually killed the Princes in the Tower is split about 50-50.
** And Shakespeare got much of that from earlier Dantes who had an equal disregard for reality.
** The first Tudor, Henry VII, beat Richard III for the throne; to make himself look good, he put out a lot of propaganda to make Richard III seem like an evil bastard. It had become so entrenched by Shakespeare's time that he wouldn't've been able to get away with writing anything ''good'' about him. As an example of the sort of thing invented in propaganda: The Duke of Somerset, who Richard III killed in Shakespeare's play, died when Richard III was ''three years old.''
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Trivia Trope]]
[[Category:Continuity Tropes]]
[[Category:Word
|