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Mahjong: Difference between revisions
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(Note: Where possible, terminology will use the names most commonly seen in English-language editions of the game.
The set of tiles contains three regular Suits, with individual tiles having a value from one to nine:
* '''Characters''' (萬子/万子), sometimes called "cracks" or "craks", are classical Chinese numerals. Each tile has the specific value written on top (usually in blue), and the ''wán'' character for "ten thousand" or "countless" (signifying prosperity) on the bottom in red. Modern sets are commonly marked with Arabic numerals in addition to the Chinese ones. There are in fact three possible ''wán'' characters; the first two are 萬 and 万, and the third is 卍, no longer seen on Western sets [[No Swastikas|for reasons which should be obvious]].
* '''Sticks''' (索子), also called "bamboo" or "bams", use little bamboo rods to represent the number. Traditionally, the one of sticks has a picture of a sparrow perched on it.
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* Four '''Winds''' (風牌), East (東), South (南), West (西) and North (北)
* Three '''Dragons''' (三元牌), red (中), green (發), and white (白, represented by a dark bluish frame or a completely blank tile face). Occasionally, the dragon tiles are stylized dragons (with white being a dragon in silver ink, or a frame made up of two blue-outlined dragons).
* Eight optional '''Flower''' tiles (花牌), which consists of two sets:▼
Sometimes additional tiles are optionally in use:
** Four (actual) flower tiles: plum (梅), orchid (蘭), chrysanthemum (菊) and bamboo (竹).<ref>These four plants are part of a [[Flower Motifs|wider motif]] in Chinese art called the [[wikipedia:Four Gentlemen|"Four Gentlemen"]].</ref>
** Four season tiles: spring (春), summer (夏), autumn (秋) and winter (冬).
* '''Jokers''': Wild cards; in some variants they are various restrictions on their use, such as the suit has to match.
* '''Red Fives''': Sometimes used in the Japanese game. Some of the fives of each suit are red, and if you have one it counts as dora.
A game is divided into hands and rounds. Each round is assigned a direction, beginning with east and progressing through south, west, and north in that order. Each player is also assigned a direction, referred to as their seat. The East seat opens every hand; at the end of each hand, the seats rotate anticlockwise (so that East becomes North, South becomes East, etc) unless the hand was won by East or ended in a draw. A round ends when the East seat returns to the player who started as East. The game ends after four rounds have been played.
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*** Big Four Winds: A Pong or Kong of each wind tile. Even harder to accomplish than Big Three Dragons but for the same reasons. Additional bonus points if the pair in your hand is a dragon.
*** Kong Hand: [[Exactly What It Says on the Tin|A hand of four Kongs]] and a pair. Strategically speaking, this is probably the most difficult hand to get, partly because of the sheer luck involved in getting 4 of a kind for any tile in the first place, and mostly because this is the one type of hand that will always be outright advertised if a player is going for it, as it requires 18 tiles total. Compounding things more is that in some rules, a fifth Kong declared in a single hand automatically makes that hand drawn, requiring that all Kongs declared for this hand be done by the winner.
*** Heaven: If the east player already has a complete game before discarding or picking up another card.
* [[Obvious Rule Patch]]: The "kuitan nashi" house rule in the Japanese Riichi variant.
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