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|Vladimir Bukovsky|''To Build a Castle: My Life as a Dissenter''}}
[[Samizdat]] (Russian, ''самиздат'', lit. "self-publishing") originally was a Soviet-era practice in which material which was censored or otherwise could not be officially printed (for political or other reasons) was reproduced via other means, such as mimeograph, typewriter or even handwriting and distributed ''sub rosa'', so as not to attract the attention of the authorities.
In a broader and more modern sense, [[Samizdat]] is any unpublished work which is reproduced and distributed by hand or other low-tech method.
Contrast with [[Doujinshi]], which is also self-published but fills a vastly different hole in the social fabric.
{{examples}}
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* After Bell Labs changed its UNIX license in 1979 to make dissemination of the source code illegal, the 1976 [[w:Lions' Commentary on UNIX 6th Edition, with Source Code|Lions book]] which contained the source code had to be withdrawn, but illegal copies of it circulated for years. The act of copying the Lions book was often referred to as samizdat.
== [[Literature]] ==
* The first full-length book to be distributed in the Soviet Union as samizdat was Boris Pasternak's 1957 novel ''[[Doctor Zhivago]]''.
* ''[[Everything Flows]]'' by Vasily Grossman, written after Soviet authorities seized his masterwork ''Life and Fate'', was distributed as samizdat before the manuscript was smuggled to the US for formal publication in the late 1960s.
* ''[[The Butterfly Kid]]'' originally circulated around New York City in a mimeographed manuscript form for a year or so before it finally saw actual publication in 1967.
==
* In ''[[Deus Ex: Mankind Divided]]'', you have to do a mission where you have to check out an underground news organization called by this trope.
* Before the internet, [[w:Amateur press association|Amateur press associations]] were the paper equivalent of a modern email mailing list, and allowed small groups of enthusiasts to discuss their common interest in the form of a mailing compiled from contributions sent by their members to the APA's manager/editor, who assembled them into issues which were then sent back out to the APA's members.▼
* Similarly, early science fiction fandom abounded with low-circulation ''fanzines'' (from "fan magazine"), sometimes having circulations no larger than a dozen or so copies per issue.▼
== [[Real Life]] ==
▲* Before the internet, [[w:Amateur press association|Amateur press associations]] were the paper equivalent of a modern email mailing list, and allowed small groups of enthusiasts to discuss their common interest in the form of a mailing compiled from contributions sent by their members to the APA's manager/editor, who assembled them into issues which were then sent back out to the APA's members.
▲* Similarly, early science fiction fandom abounded with low-circulation ''fanzines'' (from "fan magazine"), sometimes having
* "Ribs" (Russian, ''рёбра'') were records pressed on used X-ray film during the era of the Soviet Union, as a means of bypassing censors and their crackdown on Western artists.
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