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''[[The Guns of the South]]'' is a [[Science Fiction]] [[Alternate History]] novel by [[Harry Turtledove]], set during the [[American Civil War]].
Winter of 1863. The Army of Northern Virginia is in winter quarters at Orange Court House, trying to deal with its massive supply problems, when, one day, General Lee is approached by a strange man with a strange name, Andries Rhoodie. Rhoodie wishes to show the General a new breech-loading repeating rifle, with an unmatched rate of fire, which he claims to be able to deliver in almost endless quantities. He calls his weapon an AK-47...
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{{tropelist}}
* [[Action Girl]]: Mollie Bean.
* [[American Civil War]]: Duh.
* [[The Apartheid Era]]. The AWB hope to prolong this by turning the CSA into a superpower so South Africa isn't alone in racism.
* [[Badass Bookworm]]: Henry Pleasants. Two engineering degrees and a Lt.Col. commission {{spoiler|in both the Union and Confederate armies, by the end of the book}}
* [[Badass Bystander]]: The attempted assassination of Robert E. Lee fails when the assassins fail to consider that the inauguration of President Lee would ''of course'' be attended by as many Confederate military veterans as could possibly get themselves invited.
* [[Badass Teacher]]: Nate Caudell, though he would definitely not consider himself as such.
* [[Bad Future]]: The AWB claim to come from this.
* [[Batman Gambit]]: Immediately after the war, the question of the 'divided' states (Kentucky and Missouri) and which nation they will belong to is agreed to be settled upon by holding a referendum. Each side sends a senior official to oversee the elections and ensure that they remain free of manipulation and violence. When the Rivington men try to swing the election by gunrunning wagonloads of AK-47s to local partisans, General Lee (representing the Confederacy) and General Grant (representing the Union) both show up to the scene of their arrest at the same time. When an argument starts over who will have custody of what, General Lee immediately offers to let the Union confiscate the entire shipment of weapons, and Grant's troops depart with them as Lee sends the Rivington men back to Virgnia under guard. As they ride away, Lee's aide incredulously expresses shock that he would allow the North to obtain a large supply of AK-47s... and Lee points out that the North has already had ample opportunity to examine at least some captured AK-47s looted from earlier battlefields, so allowing them to have a few thousand more does not materially change anything. Allowing them to have an opportunity to interrogate the men who know how the AK-47s are made, on the other hand, could be far more devastating -- but by immediately making such a generous concession to General Grant, Lee left him no room to also demand custody of the gunrunners in addition to their guns.
* [[Big Bulky Bomb]]: The Battle of the Crater {{spoiler|that, in this timeline, takes place in North Carolina}}.
* [[Call a Rabbit
* [[Camp Follower]]: Mollie Bean is a prostitute ''as well as'' [[Sweet Polly Oliver]].
* [[Character Development]]: Nate Caudell's move towards accepting blacks as regular people comes gradually and over time; after teaching a black man basic math (with him showing great aptitude), he thinks about the fact that his illiterate, racist landlady could buy the man in a heartbeat and remarks to himself "Damned if there's any justice in that".
* [[Covers Always Lie]]: This happening to ''another'' author's book was actually the inspiration for this
* [[Cultural Posturing]]: Judah P. Benjamin's snarky comeback to an anti-semitic insult by Ben Butler.
{{quote|'''Judah:''' Mr. Butler will remember that when his ancestors were hunting the wild boar through Saxony, mine were princes of the Earth.}}
* [[Dramatization]]: In Turtledove's authors notes, he reveals that he took names and occupations for the 47th North Carolina Infantry from real life service records, but made up their personalities based off of details (such as Billy Beddingfield being portrayed as a hot-headed [[Jerkass]] based on the real Beddingfield repeatedly gaining and losing non-commissioned rank).
* [[Deal
* [[Even Evil Has Standards]]: The book analyses the difference between conservative racism (people are racist because that's the way it's always been) and reactionary racism (people actively move against other races to prevent race-mixing). This is demonstrated in early chapters where one of Caudell's squadmates says that if he owned slaves, he'd want a Rivington man as an overseer, but quickly recants when he sees how harshly they treat blacks, remarking that their attitude would either cause a lot of runaways or an outright revolt.
** This is also the reason given for Gen. Forrest's [[Heel Face Turn]] at the end of the book. He even says that if he'd known what the AWB were ''really'' planning, he'd have dropped out of the race and voted for Lee. And when you're too violently racist for the real-life founder of the Ku Klux Klan, that's saying something.
** Actually, this is a surprising example of [[Truth in Television]]. While it is widely known that General Forrest was the founder and first Grand Wizard of the KKK, it is less widely known that he ordered its disbandment a year after its founding when he realized that they were a bunch of murderous hypocrites. By 1875 General Forrest was not only offering to lead punitive expeditions to eliminate KKK lynch gangs (offers not accepted) but had chosen to devote his fortune to establishing scholarships for black students to attend law school. So his [[Heel Face Turn]] in the novel is actually reflecting his real-life change in attitude.
* [[Face Heel Turn]]: Nathan Bedford Forrest runs for President against Robert E. Lee after the latter talks about freeing the slaves and speaks poorly of the Rivington men. After Lee wins the election, however, Forrest turns again and comes to concede in person, saying that while he may disagree with Lee's politics, he doesn't want them to remain personal enemies.
* [[Fatal Flaw]]: For the Rivington men, their fanaticism means they are completely inflexible, which is what starts driving Confederates away from them. Even the rank-and-file soldiers, who themselves have little use for blacks, get put off when they see how harshly the AWB treats slaves. When Rhoodie tries to horrify Lee by telling him that there are blacks in the British Parliament, Lee asks how they can be blamed if they were properly elected, which gets Rhoodie red in the face and halfway to starting a fight before Lee calms him down. Later on after receiving ''The Picture History of the Civil War'', Lee compares Rhoodie to John Brown, which [[Berserk Button|REALLY sets him off]].
* [[Giving Radio to
* [[Genre Savvy]]: As the novel progresses, Lee (Who is told at the beginning that Rhoodies and co. are time travelers, as well as some of the science behind it) starts figuring out how it works on his own. Nate, to a lesser degree. Considering these guys are from almost 150 years ago and from a more rural America, this is remarkable.
** Lee was a trained engineer (as he reminded Rhoodie near the beginning of the book, when Rhoodie was giving a very elementary explanation of the AK-47's firing mechanism). He had some basic principles and enough native intelligence to put things together given the time.
** This is part of a common theme in Turtledove's books of criticising time travel versions of [[Clarke's Third Law]]
** Later in the novel when the Rivington men turn on the South, Lee reads dispatches from General Forrest and thinks the name "Henry Pleasants" sounds familiar; after confirming it with the ''Picture History'', he orders Forrest not to use Pleasants' name in any more communiques, thinking that the Rivington men might be tapping the telegraph lines and could likewise look Pleasants up and figure out [[Big Bulky Bomb|what he's up to]].
* [[Graceful Loser]]: After Lee wins the 1867 elections, Forrest goes to his house to personally
* [[Hoist
* [[Mata Hari]]: Molly Bean, who is brought into the headquarters of the AWB and becomes a favored bedmate after the war. Ignorant and only recently taught to read, she nonetheless becomes a vital part of the attempts by the South to destroy them. While she is spying on them, she sends letters to Nate describing futuristic things like electricity and books that haven't yet published, causing him to figure out that they're from the future.▼
* [[More Dakka]]: The very first scene of the book. And the cover. And, well, the whole premise....
* [[My Friends and Zoidberg]]: The Confederates repeatedly refer to the Federal commissioners as "Our honored guests, and Gen. Butler." They feel they are [[Justified]] in doing so, given their reactions to some of Butler's actions during the war.
* [[Nice Job Fixing It, Villain]]: The inauguration massacre not only fails to kill Lee, but hands him the trump card he needs to get the manumission bill passed, meaning this South will likely have better race relations than its real-world counterpart.
* [[Only Known
* [[Our Time Travel Is Different]]: The time machine used is a square platform, a few square meters in size, that travels forwards and backwards exactly 150 years. It dematerialises travellers in much the same way as the transporter in ''[[Star Trek]]''.
** Quite possibly a deliberate [[Shout Out]]: in both description and operation it's a very close match for Doctor Doom's original time platform, from Marvel Comics.
* [[Politically-Incorrect Villain]]: The Rivington men just have "evil racist scum" written all over them.
** The Afrikaner Weerstandsbewegin is a real-life ultra-nationalist white supremacist movement in South Africa with a history of terrorist activities. The only fictional element Turtledove introduced to the AWB was giving them a time machine.
* [[Punch Clock Villain]]: Benny Lang is racist like the rest of the Rivington men, but he treats his slaves decently enough, fought valiantly for the Confederacy, and treated Mollie nicely when he [[The Oldest Profession|calls upon her services]]. At the end of the novel when Lee offers the captive Rivington men a form of amnesty in return for sharing their future knowledge, he asks Lang first for these reasons, thinking him the most likely to honestly consider the proposal and pass it along to his fellows.
* [["The Reason You Suck" Speech]]: Robert E. Lee gets a couple of [[Crowning Moment of Awesome|Crowning Moments Of Awesome]] for doing this, once by [[Shaming the Mob]] (mentioned above) and once when he calls out Rhoodie after learning about AWB's deception and true intentions.
* [[Retired Badass]]: When the Rivington men attack Lee's inauguration, several civilians<ref>This is a gathering of the aristocracy of the South slightly less than a decade after the Civil War is over; the crowd is quite naturally full of veterans.</ref> pick up weapons dropped by slain bodyguards and shoot back. When Jefferson Davis calls for a guard for Lee, the narration remarks that it's probably the highest-ranking guard in history since several generals came in order to see one of their own take office.
* [[Rock Beats Laser]]: And strategically placed TNT can beat a whole passel of future weapons.
* [[Samus Is a Girl]]: {{spoiler|Melvin Bean is actually ''Mollie'' Bean.}}
* [[San Dimas Time]]: Justified. The time machine only works over a period of 150 years; AWB stole it in 2014, so they could only go back to 1864 and no earlier, meaning that events like Gettysburg still happened.
* [[Schizo-Tech]]: ''
▲* [[
* [[Shaming the Mob]]: One of Lee's most effective weapons against the Rivington men is [[Time Travel Tense Trouble|future historical documents]] that show how negatively the modern world views the South because of slavery, shattering the notion held by many slavery proponents that they would be [[Vindicated
** Happens more literally in one scene where a mob, egged on by a Rivington man, attempts to lynch a free black blacksmith for allegedly trying to 'take work away from white men' by charging lower prices (even though if he charged identical prices, he would potetnailly face lynching for 'thinking he was as good as a white man'). Lee comes upon the incident and [["The Reason You Suck" Speech|gives the men holy hell]], defusing the situation, though the Rivington men later try to use [[Manipulative Editing]] to make Lee look bad.
*** In that same scene Lee also points out the practical reasons for not supporting such behavior.
{{quote|'''Lee:''' You had all better shiver when you see a policeman rioting rather than putting down a riot, for he may well come after you next, or stand aside when someone else does. No one, not even the men pursuing him, claims this Negro broke any law or, in fact, did anything wrong. Will they come after ''you'' next, sir, if they don’t care for your prices? Or you? Or you?}}
*** In addition to the point Lee makes in response to the Rivington agitator claiming that Lee is too rich and 'above it all' to care about the plight of the poor.
{{quote|'''Lee:''' Poor men have more to fear when the laws go down than the rich, for they are less able to protect themselves without law.}}
* [[Shown Their Work]]: Very much so, as Turtledove is quite the expert on the [[American Civil War]]. An appendix describes the history of the real 47th North Carolina Infantry, and the contemporary characters are mostly drawn from real people.
** Not to mention the fact that he calculated out the election results in the United States of the novel (1864; just after losing the Second American Revolution), and that of the Confederacy in 1867. ''And'' explains how he calculated it, state-by-state.
* [[Society Marches On]]: [[Your Mileage May Vary]]. Some think that the time-travellers more resemble the pro-apartheid South African ultra-right of the late-eighties/early-nineties (when the book was written), rather than the 2014 they claim to come from; others point out that the one time traveler who is given an age is in his early forties, and as such of just the right age to have joined a pro-apartheid militia when apartheid fell. Its even Lampshaded in the book when Lee muses wonderingly whether or not the men of the AWB are "fanatics as out of place in their time as John Brown was in ours".
** It has also been claimed that choosing the AK-47 instead of for example the M16 is an anachronism; set against this is that AK-47s are so cheap a small extremist group could buy a hundred thousand of them, and so easy to use it can be taught to a ten-year-old who's never seen anything more technologically advanced than a knife - a point that is made in the book itself. (Indeed, this is the reason the AK-47 was created, and still remains in use all over the world.)
** Additionally, the AK-47 is very easy to maintain and can handle a lot of abuse, whereas an M-16 will exhibit significant wear just in routine cleaning and disassembly. An important factor to consider when one's supply base is 150 years in the future and could potentially be cut off at either end.
*** The AK-47 is so easy to maintain and make, in fact, that the Confederates are, within a few years, able to develop a workable copy using currently available materials (though, as Colonel Gorgas puts it, the rifle "kicks like a mule" when fired because it uses black powder for propellant), and by the end of the book, {{spoiler|the Union is working on its own version for its war with Great Britain; Lee is particularly determined to keep things like land mines and heavy machine guns a state secret because of the possibility that the North might decide to try for a second round with the South.}}
* [[Springtime for Hitler]]: The Rivington men's intention is to weaken the USA and create a racist CSA to help back up apartheid South Africa in its views and leave it less isolated later on. When Lee is given a modern history book, he learns that the South will ''not'' be [[Vindicated
* [[The Squadette]]: Molly fought at ''Gettysburg'', y'all.
* [[Sweet
* [[Sweet Polly Oliver]]: Mollie Bean.
* [[This Is My Boomstick]]: Played straight, almost to the point of [[Deconstruction]].
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It [[Averted Trope|averts]]:
* [[Bottomless Magazines]]: The soldiers are carefully instructed that full-auto is actually mostly useless except in ''extreme''
* [[Christianity Is Catholic]]: Caudell is a Baptist, and the two ministers shown are Baptist and Episcopalian.
* [[Easy Logistics]]: The difficulties of supplying an army in the field come up a number of times, though the AWB are tripped up by this a little - they have a huge stock of AK-47s and ammunition ready to supply to the Confederacy, but weren't expecting them to be interested in their field rations.
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{{quote|"Pity they couldn't have come a year ago," Walter Taylor said. "Think what we might have done with those rifles at Chancellorsville, or up in Pennsylvania."|"I have had that thought myself a fair number of times the last few days, Major," Lee said. "What's past is past, though, and cannot be changed." }}
** This is something of a [[Running Gag]] with Turtledove; when Lee and Lincoln run into each other in 1865, Lincoln says he might write a book about how things would have been better if Lee and the South hadn't won.
*** There's an extra layer of meaning in that scene -- the date on which they run into each other is April 14th, 1865. The same date that, in our timeline, was the day Abraham Lincoln was assassinated. Upon reading of that event later on in the AWB's copy of ''The Picture History of the Civil War'', Robert E. Lee is overcome with [[Fridge Horror]] at the correspondence.
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Alternate History Literature]]
[[Category:The Guns of the South]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Guns of the South, The}}
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