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{{trope}}
[[File:
{{quote|''Nazi theory indeed specifically denies that such a thing as "the truth" exists... The implied objective of this line of thought is a nightmare world in which the [[Evil Overlord|Leader]], or some ruling clique, controls not only the future but ''the past''. If the Leader says of such and such an event, "It never happened" -- well, it never happened. If he says that two and two are five -- well, two and two are five.''
|'''[[George Orwell]]''', "Looking Back on the Spanish War," [[Older Than They Think|four years before]] ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]''}}
Most often used as a torture trope, probably influenced by the famous scene from ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]'', the villain has the hero in his clutches, but the hero Simply... Won't... ''Crack''. Sometimes the villain has to do more, i.e., he has to make the hero's mind break. This means making the hero [[The Treachery of Images|see things that aren't there]] or being forced to acknowledge [[Blatant Lies|things that are contradictory]] [[Logic Bomb|or illogical]], sometimes through using [[Cold-Blooded Torture]] or [[Mind Rape]].
The villain needs to make him believe that
[[Doublethink|Perception is Truth. Black is White. Wrong is Right. Right is Left.]]
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{{examples}}
== Comic Books ==
* Lampshaded/spoofed in ''[[The Invisibles]]'' when Sir Miles is using the drug ''Key 17'' to mess with King Mob's mind. He causes King Mob to see, among other things, five fingers where there are four. The illustration is subtly creepy.
** At the end, when King Mob escapes, he returns the favor: "How many fingers am I holding up, Sir Miles? [[Flipping the Bird|Just two.]]"
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== Literature ==
* As shown above, George Orwell used this for ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]''. Winston Smith writes that freedom is the ability to say "two plus two is four," then later tries to make himself believe in Doublethink by changing it to five. During his torture, the torturer forces him to see [[How Many Fingers?|five fingers]] when there are only four. After Winston is released, he at one point subconsciously writes "2 + 2 = 5" on a coffee table's dust layer. Interestingly, several editions of the book list "2 + 2 = " instead, giving the impression of a [[Hope Spot]]. Alas, it's actually a typo: [[Downer Ending|Winston really did write "2 + 2 = 5"]]
* Dostoevsky offers us this joyful piece of wisdom:
{{quote|
* In one of ''[[The Stainless Steel Rat]]'' books, "the grey men" mess with Jim's mind using hypnosis {{spoiler|to make him think they've chopped off his hands and reattached them}}.
* In the children's book ''[[Jim Button|Jim Button and Luke the Engine Driver]]'' (''Jim Knopf und Lukas der Lokomotivführer'') by [[Michael Ende]], the dragon Mrs. Grindtooth (Frau Mahlzahn) tries to use this technique on her pupil/slave Li Si. Li Si, being both very intelligent and very brave, refuses to fold.
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== Live-Action TV ==
* In an episode of ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'', a Cardassian [[Torture Technician]] tries to force Picard to state that there are five lights on the wall, when there are really only four (see the page pic). Every time Picard insists that there are four, he gets tortured. Picard later admits that, in the very end, he did break under torture and actually saw five lights, but he's released just in time to defiantly proclaim, "[[
* In the ''[[Babylon 5]]'' episode "Intersections in Real Time," John Sheridan's torture and interrogation of is based around manipulating perspective and convincing Sheridan to accept the fact that the truth is fluid, and therefore he's a mutineer, a conspirator, a terrorist, and a victim of alien influence. He even manages to rather effectively turn the logic around against his interrogator. Saying that, essentially, just as their truth is valid to them, so is his to himself.
* In the first episode of ''[[The Thick of It]]'', Malcolm tries to "persuade" journalists that minister Hugh Abbott ''did'' make an important announcement at an earlier press conference (though he did no such thing) - it's just that journalists missed it.
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* In the [[Miniseries]] ''[[Roots]]'', Kunta Kinte is whipped until he says that his name is Toby, the slave name given to him by his master.
* Though it involves no torture, in the ''[[Red Dwarf]]'' episode "Camille", Lister tries to break Kryten's programming by showing him an apple and getting him to say it's an orange.
* On [[The X-Files]], this is pretty much the objective of the military guards torturing Mulder in "The Truth." After breaking into a government facility and finding "the truth", as well as several other things the government was hiding, Mulder is captured and denied food, water, clothes and sleep. Whenever the guards come in, they ask him what he's thinking, and beat him for answering truthfully. What is the correct answer? They want Mulder to admit that he illegally entered the facility to obtain non-existant information and killed a man, even though none of those things are true. Why? They're holding a [[Kangaroo Court]] and are hoping to get rid of him once and for all. It appears to work, as Mulder repeats the words back. Turns out he's just saying it to get them to leave him alone.
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== Videogames ==
* [[Invoked Trope|Invoked]] by ''[[Assassin's Creed]]'': The Tenth Templar {{spoiler|Al-Mualim}} stands before the player as the last boss wielding a device that can cast illusions and control human minds, with the only exception being someone trained to withstand it (in this case, the player). He goes for full-on solipsism and declares the Apple of Eden proof that [[Large Ham|"Nothing is true... and everything is permitted!"]]
** [[Shout-Out|Right from]] [[Older Than They Think|the book]] ''[[Alamut]]''
*
== Western Animation ==
* In an episode of ''[[
* Possibly a reference to the ''[[Red Dwarf]]'' example above, in the ''[[American Dad]]'' episode where Deputy Director Bullock ([[Patrick Stewart]], ironically enough, partial [[Trope Namer]] ''and'' big ''[[Red Dwarf]]'' fan) is sleeping with Hayley, Stan tries to make her ex-boyfriend Jeff more assertive by beating him up and getting him to say various fruit are something else.
== Real Life ==
* One reason for the [[Blatant Lies]] in the pronouncements of repressive regimes (like North Korea's recent{{when}} statement that their country is one of the happiest places on Earth) is that citizens wind up repeating them (to avoid being accused of disloyalty) even though they know the statements are untrue. This makes the citizens psychologically ''complicit'' in the regime's lies, and less likely to resist. That's the theory, anyway.
* Joseph Goebbels: "The principle and which is quite true in itself and that in the [[Big Lie|big lie]] there is always a certain force of credibility; because the broad masses of a nation are always more easily corrupted in the deeper strata of their emotional nature than consciously or voluntarily." In short: "The bigger the lie, the more it will be believed."
** In Germany's case the torture was economic collapse and Hitler was the one to say 2+2=5.
* The form of emotional abuse known as [[Gaslighting]].
* Not torture, but a similar concept: a common trick in hypnosis shows is to convince the person under hypnosis that a number (say, 8) doesn't exist, leading to confusion when the person is then asked to count his or her fingers and invariably winds up at eleven, despite knowing that there should only be ten fingers.
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[[Category:A Tortured Index]]
[[Category:Politics Tropes]]
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