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{{trope}}
{{quote|''"Reactions of character creators to fanfiction have been varied, from polite acknowledgment to legal threats to [[Author Filibuster|having their character]] discuss out loud
|[[Cracked.com]]}}
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A fanwork ban can be particularly annoying if you get into a show/book/whatnot after it's ended. In the Internet age, the first thing many such fans will do after the series ends is look for fansites or fanwork. If a Fanwork Ban is in place, these sites will be extremely hard to come by, if they exist at all, and it's usually the case that most fans foolhardy or reckless enough to skirt a '''Fanwork Ban''' usually aren't intelligent or dedicated enough to put together good fanwork. In extreme cases, this may result in a dead fandom, unless the fans are pretty social and don't mind restricting themselves to facts and discussion. It might also result in a [[Broken Base]] between fans who support the author's decision and fans who rail against the ban. Of course, it could work out exactly as the author hopes; instead of reading fic based on ''one'' of their works, you'll probably find yourself looking into the author's other works in the hope of finding something similar.
This is predominantly a Western trope; bans on fanwork are almost unheard of in Japan due to the widespread popularity and acceptability of [[Doujinshi]] as well as the tendency of Japanese companies to view fanwork as free advertising. However,
See also [[Rule 34
{{examples|Examples of authors who have imposed fanwork bans/restrictions}}
==
== [[Anime]] and [[Manga]] ==
* ''[[Fullmetal Alchemist]]'' has an extremely odd example, since the "fans" in question are in fact the actors themselves. The US English dub cast, headed by [[Vic Mignogna]], produced a fan-film called ''Fullmetal Fantasy'' some years ago. Vic took it to a couple of conventions (and was working through all the proper channels to get permission for a DVD) before the legal people asked him to stop. After a couple of years, he was told that there was no way there'd be an official release, but he could start running it at conventions again '''if and only if''' it never ended up online. So he does still show it at cons, but relates this story beforehand and makes the fans present promise not to videotape and upload it. So far, so good.
* Yamakan's adaptation of ''[[Fractale]]'' seem to have detered many fans from drawing [[Rule 34]]. To the horror of some fans.
* Neither Kishimoto nor Viz Media has ever taken action to shut down ''[[Naruto]]'' fan works, and ''Shonen Jump'' publishes Fan Art of all its regulars, ''Naruto'' included. However, even though they have a section on the official website for Fanfics and Fan Art, it is against the rules of the forum to publish a fan work using trademarked characters. [[Epileptic Trees|They must be serious about avoiding cross-pollination between fan ideas and official material.]]
* One of the sites
** Even before this, [https://web.archive.org/web/20130411012154/http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Yuricon/message/22380 Kodansha
** Specifically, the proposed law would give manga publishers equal ownership rights alongside the author, allowing them to go after fanworks even if the author gives approval.
* Akimoto is supposedly very protective of his [[AKB48]] label and the fanwork ban may be restrictive towards ''[[AKB0048]]''.
== [[Comic
* [[Archie Comics]] has banned all Fan Fiction due to the proliferation of [[Rule 34]].
* Apparently to avoid diluting the original story, [[Pat Mills]] has forbidden fanwork based on ''[[Nemesis the Warlock]]''. However, his other comics, including ''[[ABC Warriors]]'' and ''[[Slaine]]'', are fair game.
* [[Cross Gen]] did a ban after finding Rule 34. This is considered by fans to have contributed to the situations that led to their bankruptcy and acquisition by Disney.
* [[Jack Chick]] legally
* Back when ''[[The Sims]]'' modding community was big, [[Marvel Comics]] came down on anyone hosting skins of their characters, leading to a near-disappearance of these kinds of skins on the Internet.
* The [[Hergé]] Foundation takes a rather dim view on fan art and fan works, and has pursued legal action against ''[[Tintin in Thailand]]'', a lewd parody of the ''[[Tintin]]'' franchise. A French court [https://www.tintinologist.org/forums/index.php?action=vthread&forum=11&topic=6078 ruled in favour] of a series of fan-made parody paintings inserting the Belgian reporter into popular American paintings often with Tintin flirting with a girl, however.
== [[Film]] ==
* [[Warner Brothers]] briefly tried to get rid of ''[[Harry Potter]]'' [[Slash Fic]]. This went nowhere.
** When they first acquired the film rights to the books, WB tried to shut down ''all'' ''Harry Potter'' fansites on the web, sending "cease and desist" letters to every twelve-year-old girl with a "Boy-Who-Lived" page. The resulting backlash among the fandom and the bad publicity it generated outside the fandom were apparently a bigger threat to their profits than the fansites were, and they backed off quickly enough. Eventually they figured out how to exist in a beneficial symbiosis with the fan community.
* Full Moon Entertainment
* In the dark ages of [[Fanfic]], before the Internet (yes, kiddies, it did exist back then. Imagine your Trekker grandma passing around a bottle of good wine and the K/S fanfic...), [[George Lucas]] allegedly hit the roof when he found sexually explicit material for ''[[Star Wars]]''. And promptly went into orbit when he found the [[Slash Fic]]. He tried a repeat performance of this in the late
* Games Workshop, of Warhammer and W40k fame, did this to the German-made fan-film ''[[Damnatus]]''. Annoyingly, the film's cease and desist order came ''after'' it was ready to release. In GW's defense, they were required by German copyright law to issue it or [[Critical Existence Failure|forfeit all their copyrights.]] The people who worked on it agreed never to release it, saying that it would have to [[Getting Crap Past the Radar|remain on their computers]] for good. This statement prompted the forces of the internet and fandom to somehow [[Insistent Terminology|extract]] the film's final cut, and [[Crowning Moment of Awesome|post it on the internet.]] Since those who made the film did [[Exact Words|everything they were required to do]] to keep it from getting out they are legally safe from retribution. It is quite stunning in its quality, even though watching it in german with english subtitles makes it hard to admire the high quality physical effects.▼
* In 1997 a group of folks were working on a ''[[Quake (series)|Quake]]'' [[Game Mod|mod]] based on the ''[[Alien]]'' franchise simply titled ''[[Exactly What It Says on the Tin|Alien Quake]]'' until [[Twentieth Century Fox]] issued a Cease and Desist on them. The shutdown was notorious enough in the modding community to the point it even coined the term "[http://www.bluesnews.com/guide/qe/history/foxed.html foxed]" to refer for projects [https://web.archive.org/web/20120508081844/http://func-auton.net/blog/?p=41 similarly] shut down at the request of corporations.
** Oddly enough, Fox hasn't gone against ''Aliens TC'' for ''[[Doom (series)|Doom]]'', likely because modding wasn't that widespread back then.
== [[Literature]] ==
* [[Anne McCaffrey]] originally did a blanket ban save for a few [[RPG]]s. She has since relaxed the ban but imposes rules on would-be writers such as no writing about existing ''Pern'' characters, no boys can Impress gold dragons, no girls can Impress bronzes, no dragons of any other colour except for the five standard colours. Ruth is the exclusive exception. Not that anyone actually pays attention to these rules. Oh, the good old days of MSN Groups RPGs with all kinds of sparklypoo dragon colors. The ban was finally lifted in 2004, although it's still a rather small fandom.▼
** One effect of this: The [[Angband]] [[Roguelike]] variant Pernband (which, despite its comparatively obscure focus, had become one of the most heavily-developed roguelikes of its day) was forced to excise all ''Pern'' material and change its name. It eventually became [[TOME]] and, even later, [[Tales of Maj'Eyal]].▼
▲* [[Anne McCaffrey]] originally did a blanket ban save for a few [[RPG]]s. She has since relaxed the ban but imposes rules on would-be writers such as no writing about existing Pern characters, no boys can Impress gold dragons, no girls can Impress bronzes, no dragons of any other colour except for the five standard colours. Ruth is the exclusive exception. Not that anyone actually pays attention to these rules. Oh, the good old days of MSN Groups RPGs with all kinds of sparklypoo dragon colors. The ban was finally lifted in 2004, although it's still a rather small fandom.
▲** One effect of this: The [[Angband]] [[Roguelike]] variant Pernband (which, despite its comparatively obscure focus, had become one of the most heavily-developed roguelikes of its day) was forced to excise all Pern material and change its name. It eventually became [[TOME]] and, even later, [[Tales of Maj'Eyal]].
* [[Anne Rice]]. This article in Fanlore Wiki [https://fanlore.org/wiki/Anne_Rice explores it further].
* [[Robin Hobb]] - the aforementioned article has been archived [https://web.archive.org/web/20051124223715/http://www.robinhobb.com/rant.html here.]
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** His major objection is, apparently, that fan fiction is bad practice for an aspiring writer, the equivalent of doing paint-by-numbers for an aspiring artist. Fanart, being the translation of words into images, likely doesn't cause him quite the same consternation on that count.
* [[Larry Niven]] approves of fan fiction, as long as such stories are strictly set within the Man-Kzin War period of his [[Known Space]] universe. He publicly stated, in print, that his work was a "playground", and that he was opening up the Man-Kzin war parts of it to anyone who wants to play with his playground equipment. No entendre intended.
* [[J. K. Rowling]] has said that she actually ''likes'' her fans writing fanfic and doing other fannish things, but she doesn't like the fanfics where her characters have sex when they're minors. Her voiced displeasure about the 'under-aged' porn 'fics is partially because, the kiddie porn -- and partially because [[Word of God|she]] fears for the kids who ''accidentally'' discover [[Rule 34]] first-hand. This 'rule' still [[Subverted Trope|doesn't stop]] ''anyone'' from writing them though!
* [[The Other Wiki]] says this about [[wikipedia:Marion Zimmer Bradley|Marion Zimmer Bradley]]:
{{quote|"For many years, Bradley actively encouraged [[Darkover]] fan fiction and reprinted some of it in commercial Darkover anthologies, continuing to encourage submissions from unpublished authors, but this ended after a dispute with a fan over an unpublished Darkover novel of Bradley's that had similarities to some of the fan's stories. As a result, the novel remained unpublished, and Bradley demanded the cessation of all Darkover fan fiction."}}
** As is often the case, there are two sides to a story. See [http://nihilistic-kid.livejournal.com/1470621.html?thread=20753821#t20753821 here]. Also [http://groups.google.com/group/rec.arts.sf.written/browse_thread/thread/2649a35b264175b8/b91ef5c1e50f3439?#b91ef5c1e50f3439 this Usenet thread].
*** For a reasonably dispassionate third-party summation of all the sides of this issue, see [http://jimhines.livejournal.com/507999.html this article]. The Fanlore Wiki also has [https://fanlore.org/wiki/Marion_Zimmer_Bradley_Fanfiction_Controversy an article summing out the controversy]
* Strongly influenced by Bradley's experiences, Mercedes Lackey actively banned fan fiction in her universes (except under certain draconian conditions) for over two decades. However,
{{quote|"As you folks already know, my agent, Russel Galen, has in the past been opposed to fanfiction. However, he is also [[Cory Doctorow]]'s agent now, and Cory is a [[Crowning Moment of Awesome|persuasive little gnome]]."}}
* [[Terry Pratchett]] mentioned in a 2007 lecture that he'
** When it comes to original [[Fan Fiction]], he doesn't mind its existence as long as it doesn't happen where he can see it. Just in case someone tries to claim he stole their Discworld ideas. (The legal aspects don't bother him - he ''doesn't'' steal ideas, and a court of law would find in his favour - but mud sticks.)
** There was also [https://groups.google.com/group/alt.books.pratchett/browse_thread/thread/7a044f92d9f3459c/ a period in the late 90s] when some
*
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131101102926/http://www.journalfen.net/community/fandom_wank/1246633.html Diana Gabaldon] has compared fanfiction to, among other things, people breaking into her house or selling her children into slavery. This despite the fact that one of the characters from her books is heavily based on Jamie McCrimmon from ''[[Doctor Who]]''.
* [[Anita Blake|Laurell K]][[Merry Gentry|. Hamilton]]
* [[Thursday Next|Jasper Fforde's]] stance, although mellower than it used to be, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100510121736/http://www.jasperfforde.com/faq.html#u is still against fanfiction], to the extent that one book actually [[Writer on Board|talks about how much damage fanfiction writers are doing to]] ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.
** This is ironic, considering how the extent to which his books are [[Public Domain Character]] fanfiction.
* [[Kim Newman]] is uncomfortable seeing other writers use his characters, although he acknowledges that this is [[Anno Dracula|somewhat hypocritical]].
* Jim Butcher's official position on ''[[The Dresden Files]]'' fanfiction is that there isn't any. Because, as he explains, if he knew there was some, he'd have to, legally, have it taken down from wherever it was hosted, and he doesn't want to do that.
** As of 2010, fanfiction for ''[[The Dresden Files]]'' is now allowed, so long as a disclaimer is included. The full post can be found [http://www.jim-butcher.com/posts/2010/new-fanfiction-policy here].
* Fan fiction is prohibited from being posted on [[David Weber]]'s official forum, to prevent copyright issues, but is otherwise unrestricted.
== [[Live-Action TV]] ==
* During the run of ''[[Babylon 5]]'' there was a fanfiction ban because Straczynski found himself early on faced with someone suggesting he write a storyline like "Passing Through Gethsemane", which was a crucial plot point and he now had to prove it had been planned before he could write it.▼
* [[Lee Goldberg]] is vehemently against fanfic and denounces any author who writes it. [[Take That|Would make more of a difference if people actually wanted to play in his sandbox.]] Some have called this hypocrisy. Why is it hypocrisy? Because the characters he mentioned were from a show he didn't create or even work for until the second season. He also writes tie-in novels for various series
▲* During the run of ''[[Babylon 5]]'' there was a fanfiction ban because Straczynski found himself early on faced with someone suggesting he write a storyline like Passing Through Gethsemane, which was a crucial plot point and he now had to prove it had been planned before he could write it.
▲* [[Lee Goldberg]] is vehemently against fanfic and denounces any author who writes it. [[Take That|Would make more of a difference if people actually wanted to play in his sandbox.]] Some have called this hypocrisy. Why is it hypocrisy? Because the characters he mentioned were from a show he didn't create or even work for until the second season. He also writes tie-in novels for various series. Which are essentially officially sanctioned fanfics.
* Any fan remake of a game show owned by Fremantle Media will be quickly C&D'd.
== [[Tabletop Games]] ==
* Kevin Siembieda of Palladium Games is ''extremely'' hostile to people posting conversions of his games anywhere where he can find them, and is notorious for making legal threats against said individuals. His official reason is that he doesn't want to take any flak from other companies for someone using his material to infringe on their copyrights, but the general consensus of the fandom (backed up by several statements he's made "off the record") is that it's his [[Small Name, Big Ego]] at work and he doesn't want anyone playing in his settings without using his rules. As you might expect, the fans ignore him, buy his books for the setting material and swap out the mechanics.
▲* Games Workshop, of ''Warhammer'' and ''W40k'' fame, did this to the German-made fan-film ''[[Damnatus]]''. Annoyingly, the film's cease and desist order came ''after'' it was ready to release. In GW's defense, they were required by German copyright law to issue it or [[Critical Existence Failure|forfeit all their copyrights.]] The people who worked on it agreed never to release it, saying that it would have to [[Getting Crap Past the Radar|remain on their computers]] for good. This statement prompted the forces of the internet and fandom to somehow [[Insistent Terminology|extract]] the film's final cut, and [[Crowning Moment of Awesome|post it on the internet.]] Since those who made the film did [[Exact Words|everything they were required to do]] to keep it from getting out they are legally safe from retribution. It is quite stunning in its quality, even though watching it in german with english subtitles makes it hard to admire the high quality physical effects.
== [[Video Games]] ==
* ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]'' fans in Japan often keep their fanwork sites a sort of secret, hiding them under passwords and the like to avoid C&Ds from Disney even if there's no porn. This seems to have changed or at least been relaxed somewhat since the introduction of [http://www.pixiv.net/ Pixiv]. Though it appears that only ''original'' Kingdom Hearts characters such as Sora and the
** And [[Rule 34]] of ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]'' in Japan, even with original characters is strongly discouraged. Not that it matters with the [[Yaoi]] fangirls. The
▲* ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]'' fans in Japan often keep their fanwork sites a sort of secret, hiding them under passwords and the like to avoid C&Ds from Disney even if there's no porn. This seems to have changed or at least been relaxed somewhat since the introduction of [http://www.pixiv.net/ Pixiv]. Though it appears that only ''original'' Kingdom Hearts characters such as Sora and the Orginazation XIII are okay - should a picture include say Donald or Goofy, they'll often be drawn with a [[Censor Box]] over their eyes as if that conceals their identity.
▲** And [[Rule 34]] of ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]'' in Japan, even with original characters is strongly discouraged. Not that it matters with the [[Yaoi]] fangirls. The western side however has much more [[Rule 34]] of the girls in stock however.
** Disney also occasionally cracks down on ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]'' fanworks-for-sale in the US. Making fanart is fine, profiting off it is not.
* [[Square Enix]] hates [[Fan Remake]]s. Or rather, fan remakes that are due to release the same month as their own [[Updated Rerelease]].
** The fan-made 3D remake of ''[[Chrono Trigger]]'', titled ''Chrono Trigger Resurrection'', wasn't too far into development when they C&D'd it. At least some fans got an [[Crowning Music of Awesome|awesome rendition of "Corridors of Time"]] before they stopped.
* [[Nintendo]] deserve the mention [https://web.archive.org/web/20131003223439/http://www.joystiq.com/2010/01/04/nintendo-shuts-down-zelda-fan-film-four-years-in-the-making/ after they issued a C&D letter against the makers] of a ''[[The Legend of Zelda|Zelda]]''-based [[Fan Film]] ''The Hero Of Time''.
** Nintendo was also pretty tough on any [[Rule 34|porn]] made of their characters in the late
** For the most part, [http://kotaku.com/5585802/nintendo-doesnt-want-to-criminalize-obsessed-fans Nintendo seems to not mind fan output], so long as it doesn't "diminish the dignity" of their IPs. In short: No making money off of porn of their intellectual properties and you're good.
* Chris Hülsbeck has kindly asked not to have his video game tunes remixed, which is why there is a standing ban on derivative works at the Videogame Music Archive and only one remix on [[OverClocked Remix]].
** If this is true, Mr. Hülsbeck seems to have relaxed a bit on this
* [[Tomonobu Itagaki]] sued a modding community years ago over their making nude mods of the female characters from the ''[[Dead or Alive]]'' series. He specifically cited the fact that the characters were like "his daughters" and that the mods were akin to violating them in real life. Most people on the Internet speculate that the lawsuit may have stemmed more from a personal problem with westerners (the modding community was American) than with maintaining copyright and the brand purity, since neither he nor Tecmo have batted an eye at the metric tonsloads of [[Hentai]] [[Doujinshi]] featuring those characters engaging in acts that would get them arrested in at least
** And saying that the ''DoA'' characters are like his daughters gets a little awkward given the sheer amount of [[Fan Service]] in the series.
* Epic Megagames put out a Cease & Desist against a fan who posted a picture of a [http://forums.xbox-scene.com/lofiversion/index.php/t590896.html custom Super Sculpey-made ''
** [
* The [[MUSH]] ''Multiverse Crisis MUSH'' acknowledges this phenomenon in its banned characters list, not allowing characters from works subject to Fanwork Ban to be played. However, [[Captain Ersatz]] versions of banned characters are fine- in fact, there is an entire theme in the game that is a [[Captain Ersatz]] version of ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]''.
* If you dare to use the name ''[[Tetris]]''® or even so much as create a game that involves falling tetriminos, prepare for a C&D letter from The Tetris Company. Unless of course you pay The Tetris Company licensing fees and royalties. Even if you're not violating any copyrights and only copy elements which the US Supreme Court has ruled ''cannot even be covered by copyright'' (''Lotus v. Borland''), you'll still get [[wikipedia:SLAPP|SLAPP]]'ed with legal threats for the sake of intimidation.
* GameBanana, a video game modding site, has a list of companies that do not permit their content being ported to other games (which is what most modders tend to do). Companies currently listed include Bohemia Interactive, Cry of Fear, Mane6, [[Blizzard]], Battlestate Games, and America's Army. So, making mods entirely within Bohemia's own engine/game is A-OK, but publishing, let's say, a playable [[Overwatch|Tracer]] mod for ''[[Mario Kart]]'' will result in the mod being trashed.
== [[Web Comics]] ==
* Something of the sort occurred with ''[[Boy Meets Boy]]'' and by association, ''[[Friendly Hostility]]''. There was really only one fan site with fairly specific submission guidelines, and all the fic and art seemed to be done by the same handful of people. The site has since gone offline. Averted with the launch of ''[[Other Peoples Business]]''—one of the first sections set up on the creator's forum was an OPB fanwork section, with a ''[[Friendly Hostility]]'' fanwork section following close behind—helping die-hard 'shippers [[Ship Sinking|soothe the pain]] that followed the launch of the new comic.
* Fred Gallagher once stated that if anyone ever made
** Gallagher actually acknowledged the threat was empty from the start. Directly after making this claim, he added "But then someone would probably draw it just to make me quit ''Megatokyo''." This revealed the real reason for the statement: He got to make the "principled stand" of decrying pornographic fanworks, but absolved himself of ever having to actually stick to it since he could just claim that any art was made as an attack on him.
* Tim Buckley, author ''[[Ctrl+Alt+Del]]'' issued a pretty derisive and considerably assholish C&D letter to an unsuspecting fan that dared to make a fan video about his comic. Later was discovered that Buckley was planning on making an animated series himself and sell it online at a considerably high price.
* Bill Holbrook discourages fanart and fanfiction of ''[[Kevin and Kell]]'', feeling that it weakens his copyright protection.
* Mike Russell seems to heavily discourage any kind of fanfiction (but not fanart) of ''[[The World of Vicki Fox]]'' unless it strictly takes place in a similar setting as the original.
== [[Web Original]] ==
* Ghost of ''[[True Capitalist
▲* [[True Capitalist|Ghost]] has implied such a ban on his radio show, owing to his displeasure of people compromising the integrity of his "[[Blatant Lies|serious]]" online political talk show by [[Stupid Statement Dance Mix|splicing his voice together to make remixes and make him say things he never said]]. Those who have made remixes that get discovered by Ghost (like most infamously, "Melting Pot of Alcohol", also now get put on his "Shit List"
** However, despite this, he has in no way tried to force takedowns on [[YouTube]].
* Of a sort on ''[[Neopets]]''. In the Nickelodeon Kids & Family Virtual Worlds Group games terms of service (which includes ''Neopets, [[Petpet Park]], [[Nicktropolis]]'', and ''[[Monkey Quest]]''), all rights to making derivative works under Fair Use are given up. However, ''Neopets'' at the least still has original art, poetry, and storytelling contests, as well as the Neopian Times (which accepts fan comics and stories), all of which have rules that all submissions must follow in order to be accepted (such as [[No Hugging, No Kissing]]).
== Western Animation ==▼
▲== [[Western Animation]] ==
* [[Disney]] and porn. In fact, quite a few authors have problem with [[Rule 34]] in general even if they don't mind the rest of the madness.
** [[Harlan Ellison]] [http://www.snopes.com/disney/wdco/ellison.asp famously got in trouble over this.]
** At Anime North, you're expressly prevented from selling fan works based on Disney and '''only''' Disney in the Artist's Alley.
** Likewise, videos critical of Disney can be pulled from
▲*** Videos featuring [[Doctor Rabbit]] typically resulted in legal trouble with Colgate. One user in particular, [[Walrus Guy]], ended up butting heads with the company repeatedly due to refusing ''not'' to use the character in [[YouTube Poop]].
* [[Danny Phantom|Butch]] [[Fairly Oddparents|Hartman]] is okay with [[Fanfic]] so long as it's not [[Slash Fic]] and isn't too violent.
{{reflist}}
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[[Category:Derivative Works]]
[[Category:Creator Speak]]
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