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{{trope}}
[[File:picforindyploy 5828.jpg|link=Indiana Jones|rightframe]]
 
{{quote|''"Heroes don't need plans!"''|'''[[Idiot Hero|Snow Villiers]]''', ''[[Final Fantasy XIII]]''}}
|'''[[Idiot Hero|Snow Villiers]]'''|''[[Final Fantasy XIII]]''}}
 
The favorite [[Plan]] (or rather, lack thereof) of almost every [[Action Hero|action]] and [[Idiot Hero]] in existence.
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*** Two particularly interesting tactics of his; first, to allow himself to go into a daze and let instinct keep him from getting hit (didn't work because he couldn't attack without breaking the trance) and throwing his fists against the wall (they're made of rubber) to let them ricochet unpredictably.
** When Luffy ''does'' have a plan, it usually amounts to "let's beat up the bad guy!" Anything else, he makes up as he goes (or has to be planned by a subordinate, usually Robin or Nami, or occasionally Usopp.)
* In the manga ''[[Battle Royale]]'', Shuuya has an admirable tendency to jump into a conflict to help the underdog. The problem is that he never thinks about what he'll do after he becomes part of it. He usually reveals his Indy Ploy after the conflict is already resolved and the other person asks what he was thinking.
** And a lot of the time it turns out his plan was no more elaborate than 'jump in and hope for the best.'
* Use of the Indy Ploy is the totality of the Saotome School of Martial Art in ''[[Ranma ½]]''.
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* ''[[Pokémon Special]]'' makes thorough use of the Indy Ploy - Gold in particular worships at its altar. His are so blatant that mental objections fill the panel when he acts like he planned it all along. It's hard to judge, given the nature of her intellect, whether some of Sapphire's more clever victories (Roxanne, Brawly, Ark @ Mt. Chimney) qualify as this or something between this and [[Xanatos Speed Chess]].
* This pretty much exemplifies [[Inuyasha]]'s entire approach to fighting. He even learns Bakuryuuha totally without meaning to by reacting instinctively. His unconventional fighting style is commented on by other characters on more than one occasion.
* As a leader, this is both Ichigo of ''[[Bleach]]''{{'}}s strength and weakness. On one hand, he can be so aggressive, and attempt such suicidal things with such limited preparation, that it astonishes and repeatedly catches more cautious foes off-guard. On the other hand, when the villains DO know what to expect from him, his impetuosity and lack of foresight makes him a real [[Unwitting Pawn]].
** Renji has shown shades of this on occasion with varying degrees of success.
** In his fight with {{spoiler|Shukuro Tsukishima}} Byakuya of all people was forced to do this as his opponent's ability {{spoiler|allowed him to "incertinsert" himself in someone's past, and he used it to learn any move Byakuya ever trained}}, so Byakuya had to improvise something unexpected. Later he admitted he enjoyed it.
* In one of the episodes of the original 1972 ''[[Lupin III]]'' TV series, the Tokyo police department gets a supercomputer that is programmed to predict Lupin's every move. It does so extremely successfully, until Lupin realizes the way to beat it is to throw out all his plans and act completely on whim.
* Joseph Joestar, the second titular hero of ''[[JoJo's Bizarre Adventure]]'', is a seasoned practitioner of these, both as a young practitioner of Ripple-style martial arts and as an [[Older and Wiser|Older and kinda-sorta Wiser]] mentor to his grandson Jotaro. Fittingly, his characterization in Part 3 draws heavily from the [[Trope Namer]], right down to the [[Cool Hat]].
* These are the essence of how Yami Yugi wins all his duels in ''[[Yu-Gi-Oh!]]''. His present-day counterpart's plans have much more forethought, however. The protagonists of the [[Yu-Gi-Oh! GX|sequel]] [[Yu-Gi-Oh! 5D's|series]], on the other hand, exhibit no planning whatsoever, making turnarounds on a single card more often than not.
** No planning? That may be true for Judai, but Yusei? Really?
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* Goku from ''[[Dragon Ball]]'', especially during his assault on the main Red Ribbon Army base. His plan could be best described as "keep hitting anyone who attacks until you run out of targets". Meanwhile the rest of the cast were busily trying to put together a rescue team and trying to plan out how they'd save him.
* Judau Astar from ''[[Mobile Suit Gundam ZZ]]'' and Uso Ebbing from ''[[Mobile Suit Victory Gundam]]'' are masters of this. They make up new plans as they go along, using strategies more experienced or more crazy pilots never think of.
* ''[[Ouran High School Host Club|Tamaki]]'': Tamaki is surprisingly good at them. Like, trump [[The Chessmaster|Kyoya]] good.
* Aboard ''[[Cowboy Bebop|The Bebop]]'': Aboard the ''Bebop'', Spike "I try not to think" Spiegel is a contrast to Jet, especially [[Lampshaded]] over a game of [[Shogi]] in [[Big Damn Movie|the movie]]. When he does make plans, they're simple and disposable; he expects them to fail, leaving him no choice but to improvise.
** To quote the manga: "Plan A is 'Take it as it comes,' Plan B is 'First come, first served,' and Plan C is 'Wing it.'"
* Having a strong preference for the Indy Ploy seems to be a requirement to be a member of ''[[Fairy Tail]]''. Even many of the more sane characters tend to throw themselves into fights with little forethought (Erza fits this description well), notable exceptions may be Lucy, Levy, and Fried.
* ''[[Yu-Gi-Oh! 5D's]]''. After Luna finds Regulus and cures him of his curse, he tells them that in order to save Ancient Fairy Dragon, "All we have to do is invade Zeman's castle, defeat him in an epic battle, break the power of his minus spell, and the Spirit World should return to normal." Of course, he seems to have no idea at first how they're going to ''do'' any of that, but over the course of an episode and a half, they manage to.
 
* After an [[Impersonation Gambit]] fails in ''[[Princess Principal]]'' because [[You Are Already Checked In]], Team Principal is forced into an Indy Ploy.
 
== [[Comic Books]] ==
* Let's face it, this is generally the M.O of just about every comic book superhero, since supervillains have a tendency to attack without warning at any time. But while most of them do at least fight according to plans thought out in training or, on the rare occasion, when they're the ones tracking a bad guy instead of the other way around, the Avengers change their line-up so frequently that they can't even plan for their own team, let alone whatever they're up against. Winging it is what they do best.
* In the old ''Snarfquest'' comic that ran in ''[[Dragon (magazine)|Dragon]]'' magazine, Larry Elmore plotted out the next step for the characters to be, then threw it out and literally made up the craziest possible way to get there from the last stopping place. Best example: ''"You Shot My Tower!!"'' Snarf DID''did''.
* [[Batman]], despite his reputation for [[Crazy Prepared|intense planning]], actually owes most of his victories for [[Awesome By Analysis|noticing every detail of his situation]] and then making a plan to take advantage of it on the spot.
** However, this may be more a case of [[Xanatos Speed Chess]] in Batman's case
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* Similarly, his sometime-colleague [[Doctor Strange]] frequently goes to cases without much preparation, expecting that he'll be quick-witted enough (or have the right amulet, or know the right spell) to deal with the situation as it develops.
* In comparison to [[Captain America (comics)|Steve Rogers]]' [[Crazy Prepared]]-ness, [[Bucky Barnes]], after assuming the mantle of [[Captain America (comics)]] showed off his tactical sensibilities through his extensive reliance on plans made on the fly.
* In the penultimate issue of [[Spider-Woman]]'s first series, the heroine's plan to free herself and the other superhumans seems sound: She has Tigra shout insults at Poltergeist until his (notoriously unstable) [[Psychic Power]]s overcome his restraints and wreck the doors of the cellblock above him, which detain both Spider-Woman and Gypsy Moth. Then convince Moth to use her own powers (which should no longer be hindered by her cell's dampener) to free them from the shackles. Unfortunately, Gypsy Moth's powers to not work on metal, they only affect cloth and other soft material. So Spider-Woman quickly improvises, telling moth to switch costumes with her. When the pair are recaptured, the villain is fooled and puts them in the wrong cells, and the dampener designed for Gypsy Moth doesn't work on Spider-Woman, and vice versa. Moth is able to clog the security devices using her switched costume, and Spider-Woman breaks free with ease, releases the others, and trounces the villain.
 
== [[FanficFan Works]] ==
 
* ''[[Shinji and Warhammer40K|Shinji and Warhammer 40 K]]'': How [[God-Emperor]] [[Mind Screw|Shinji Ikari]] handles combat with the Angels. On at least two occasions he successfully stabs them with their own ripped-out teeth.
== [[Fanfic]] ==
* ''[[Shinji and Warhammer40K|Shinji and Warhammer 40 K]]'': How [[God-Emperor]] [[Mind Screw|Shinji Ikari]] handles combat with the Angels. On at least two occasions he successfully stabs them with their own ripped-out teeth.
* The ''[[Firefly]]'' fanfic ''[[Forward]]'' continues the original series' fine tradition of Mal making it up as he goes. In the "Condor" story arc, it gets lampshaded by Zoe, who is relieved when Mal says their harrowing escape is being made up on the spot, and in the "Third Interlude" chapter, Jayne pulls an Indiana Jones-style vehicle boarding where he's improvising as he goes.
* Plenty of these in ''[[With Strings Attached]]''; indeed, the second half of the Fourth Movement is ''made'' of these.
 
 
== [[Film]] ==
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** Notably, at one point in ''[[Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull|The Kingdom of the Crystal Skull]]'' it doesn't work, where Indy tries to jump onto a truck and misses.
{{quote|'''Indy:''' Damn, I thought that was closer.}}
*:* Lampshaded later in the film:
{{quote|'''Mutt Williams / {{spoiler|Henry Jones III}}''': What's he gonna do now?
'''Mary Williams / {{spoiler|Marion Ravenwood}}''': I don't think he plans that far ahead.
'''Indiana Jones''': Scooch over, will you, {{spoiler|Son?}} }}
**:* Aaaaand then he pokes his head between them with a [[Ass Pull|goddamn]] '''''[[wikipedia:RPG-7|RPG-7!!!]]'''''
{{quote|"I'd cover my ears if I were you!"}}
*:* Hereditary. Witness Indy's dad in ''Last Crusade''. "I suddenly remembered my Charlemagne."
*:* Legacy. The line in question is a callback to Humphrey Bogart's line in [[Casablanca]]: [[Ironic Echo|"I don't plan that far ahead."]]
*:* In-universe, Indy seems to have picked up the "making this up as I go" line almost word for word from a group of older gentlemen while on a special mission during WWI (''Adventures of [[Young Indiana Jones]]'', Phantom Train of Doom).
*:* He even does this as a ''teenager'' - in ''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]'', when fellow scout Herman asks how he's going to get the Cross of Coronado away from Fedora and his men, he admits that he doesn't know, but he'll think of ''something''...
* Han Solo (also [[Harrison Ford]]) from ''[[Star Wars]]'' survives mainly by thinking very, very fast. And when that doesn't work, running away even faster.
** Leia comes close. "Into the garbage chute, flyboy!"
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* Played with and Lampshaded in ''[[Harry Potter (film)|Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2]]'': After Voldemort learns they're hunting horcruxes Hermione says they need a new plan. Harry's response? "Hermione, since when have any of our plans ever worked?"
* In the ''[[Mission: Impossible (film)||Mission Impossible]]'' films, whenever something goes awry with plan, the improvision is usually high in the [[HSQ]].
* In ''[[The Wizard of Oz]]'', it is obvious that Dorothy's three friends really have no idea how they're going to rescue her from the Witch's castle, but then they are found by three guards, and manage to beat them up; they quickly decide to go with a [[Dressing as the Enemy]] plan.
 
 
== [[Literature]] ==
* ''[[The Wheel of Time]]'' series. {{spoiler|Mat due to way his luck-tweaking ability works, he does poorly at games of planning than of chance. For this reason, most of his better plans by default fall under this category.}}
* The "wizzard" Rincewind from Terry Pratchett's ''[[Discworld]]'' novels is not as concerned about where he's running ''to'' as what he's running ''from''. He notes this on several occasions. "Run!" "Where to?!" "From! The key word is from!" Which invariably leads to more running. By ''[[Discworld/The Last Hero|The Last Hero]]'', this is what he states as his religion (main tenet: whatever happens, you can run from it).
** However, when running away is not an option, Rincewind does come up with some clever plans, like in ''[[Discworld/Interesting Times|Interesting Times]]'' having the local Dibbler clone spread a rumor that the rebel forces are NOT bolstered by [[Suspiciously Specific Denial|3,200,009 vampire ghosts]], nor by the vast and invincible Red Army. {{spoiler|The vampire ghosts part is false. The Red Army turns out to be true, though mostly by an accident on Rincewind's part.}} Rincewind spreads such a bizarre rumor upon realizing that while telling someone that an enormous army is coming ''does'' frighten them, it's even ''more'' effective to tell them what they ''won't'' be facing and have the ''rumors'' spiral out of proportion.
** A more heroic, for lack of a better term, Indy Ploy is the MO of Moist von Lipwig in the ''[[Discworld]]'' novel ''[[Discworld/Going Postal (Discworld)|Going Postal]]''. Near the end, he makes a bet with the [[Magnificent Bastard]] [[Big Bad]] Reacher Gilt, and he has no idea how he'll win at first ... In his second appearance in ''[[Discworld/Making Money|Making Money]]'', he outlines a grand if somewhat vague vision of the future of currency, and wonders if he should write it down so he can work out what he's talking about later. In both books the apparent confidence with which he enters such things lead everyone else to conclude he had it all planned out.
*** This, apparently, is how good serial television works.
*** It is worth noting that not only does Moist NOT''not'' win his bet with Reacher, he very DELIBERATELY''deliberately'' doesn't win it. He's just using it as a ploy to get everyone heeded into the same room for his [[J'accuse!]] moment. {{spoiler|The best part being that the [[J'accuse!]] is the message he arranged to replace the real message with.}}
** Lord Vetinari of Ankh-Morpork seems to combine Indy Ploys and [[Xanatos Roulette]]s to devastating effect. It was once stated that, since you can't plan for every eventuality, Vetinari doesn't.
*** When in doubt he will order Vimes '''NOTnot''' to get involved with it. Say what you will about Vetinari, he knows how Vimes will follow this trope for him. Vimes is too [[Buffy-Speak|vimesy]] to use a [[Xanatos Gambit]] . I guess you could call him Vetinari's laser-guided Vimes.
* Commissar [[Ciaphas Cain]], [[Fake Ultimate Hero|Hero of the Imperium]] in ''[[Warhammer 40,000]]'', often finds himself running headlong into situations he certainly shouldn't be running into in a universe as casually lethal as Warhammer 40K. He usually fights and flees his way out of these situations by simply making things up as he goes along, improvising weapons and tactics from his surroundings and from simple ingenuity. In one case, he halts a mob of bloodthirsty, rioting Imperial Guardsmen by jumping on a table, pointing at someone, and ordering them to get a mop, as the mess they had left was simply ''deplorable''. <small>"Whatever they'd been expecting me to say or do, this certainly wasn't it."</small>
** And, by extension, Cain's literary predecessor, Harry Paget [[Flashman]], who lies, flatters, and flees his way through adventure after adventure, escaping by dint of sheer luck and the skin of his teeth.
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{{quote|They debated long on what was to be done, but they could think of no way of getting rid of Smaug- which had always been a weak point in their plans, as Bilbo felt inclined to point out.}}
 
== [[Live -Action TV]] ==
 
== [[Live Action TV]] ==
 
* ''[[Psych]]'': Pretty much the concept of the entire series
** The Old and the Restless
{{quote|'''Henry''': My son, the super sleuth, can't even get himself access into an old folks' home.
'''Shawn''': No, no, no, Dad. You have no idea what we're up against, okay? I tried everything. I tried the whole "I'm a travelling doula" bit, the "dingo ate my baby" routine, "hiding Gus in a sack" trick, which never fails... }}
 
{{quote|'''Henry''': Alright, look. What the hell are you guys doing here?
'''Gus''': This is the part where you get blindsided with Plan B. It's kind of fun when it's not happening to me. }}
 
* When he originally came up with the idea for ''[[Mission: Impossible]]'', creator Bruce Geller imagined EVERY episode's plan to go wrong at some point, leaving the IMF team to work from scratch. In the actual series, only a few Indy Ploy moments come up, mostly in the "Personal story" episodes.
** In the 1988 relaunch of the series, the pilot episode featured John DeLancie as an assassin who intentionally used Indy Ploys: he never chose how he'd kill his target until the very last moment, improvising his plans as he went along, specifically to not be predictable.
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* ''[[Frasier]]'''s many convoluted [[Farce]]-structured episodes often involved ''extremely'' fast-paced [[Disaster Dominoes]], [[A Simple Plan|Simple Plans,]] or [[Fawlty Towers Plot]]s that required the characters to frantically come up with new ideas as they were swept along with the action to keep their plans from descending into havoc. Naturally, because it was a comedy where no one gets killed, this only made the hijinks and misunderstandings infinitely worse, as [[Too Many Cooks]] spoil the broth, and they had to inform everyone else about all their new schemes and lies in addition to the list of volatile situations they were juggling. One would expect they wished twitter existed in the '90s, but on the other hand, they could often be downright ingenious at improv...
 
== [[Oral Tradition]], Folklore, Myths and Legends ==
* [[Classical Mythology|Heracles/Hercules]] was a ''master'' of this, especially in the course of his Twelve Labors. When he found out that the Nemean Lion's hide was impervious to weapons, he strangled it. To fight the Hydra, which could grow its heads back, he (or one of his friends, at his request) seared the stumps [[Kill It with Fire|with a torch]]. And to clean up the enormous and never-cleaned Aegean Stables, he uses his strength to ''alter the course of two nearby rivers''.
** There were originally only ten tasks, those last two were disqualified for exactly the ploys he came up with. Of course, since the tasks were meant to kill him the ploys still work.
* Hercules' cousin Theseus was no better. In what was likely the crowning achievement of his career - slaying the Minotaur - he volunteers to be one of the 40 sacrifices demanded by Minos, but doesn't seem to have much of a plan as to just ''how'' he plans to slay the beast, or how he plans to escape the Labyrinth (that was designed by Daedelus to be completely escape-proof) - if he manages to do so. Fortunately for him, [[Rebellious Princess|Ariadne]] falls in love with him, giving him a "clew" (ball of thread to help him retrace his path) and in some versions, a sword (but not all versions; in some, he fights the beast with his bare hands) enabling him to do the job and escape.
* Sir Gawain from [[King Arthur|Arthurian mythology]] once held off a massive angry mob while using a chess board as a shield. Not to be outdone, the damsel he was protecting started chucking the pieces at the mob. She knocked a few people out before the whole affair was through.
 
== [[Tabletop Games]] ==
* [[Truth in Television]] for every [[Tabletop RPG|GM]] who's ever [[Schrödinger's Gun|avoided]] [[Off the Rails|railroading]].
** Most players too. Your plan will go horribly wrong at the first step, or you don't even bother with a plan in the first place; either way, you'll end up winging things.
** Also the standard plan for most Shadowrunners In-and-Out of Universe.
* Adorjan's Excellency in ''[[Exalted]]'' specifically can't enhance anything that's planned out in advance, meaning that anyone using said Excellency has to use these on a regular basis.
 
 
== Mythology ==
* [[Classical Mythology|Heracles/Hercules]] was a ''master'' of this, especially in the course of his Twelve Labors. When he found out that the Nemean Lion's hide was impervious to weapons, he strangled it. To fight the Hydra, which could grow its heads back, he (or one of his friends, at his request) seared the stumps [[Kill It with Fire|with a torch]]. And to clean up the enormous and never-cleaned Aegean Stables, he uses his strength to ''alter the course of two nearby rivers''.
** There were originally only ten tasks, those last two were disqualified for exactly the ploys he came up with. Of course, since the tasks were meant to kill him the ploys still work.
* Sir Gawain from [[King Arthur|Arthurian mythology]] once held off a massive angry mob while using a chess board as a shield. Not to be outdone, the damsel he was protecting started chucking the pieces at the mob. She knocked a few people out before the whole affair was through.
 
 
== [[Video Games]] ==
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{{spoiler|(''cue Ubercharge and the BLU team getting their asses handed to them'')}} }}
** This phenomenon happens quite a bit in-game as well, since people are rather unpredictable, you finish just about every round discovering new ways to play.
 
 
== [[Web Comics]] ==
* ''[[Narbonic]]''{{'}}s Helen Narbon is an avowed fan of this approach: "It's times like these I almost question my usual strategy of doing whatever dumb thing pops into my head."
** Subverted later on when she implies that [[Chessmaster|pretty much everything that's happened for a little over half the comic all part of her plan]]
* This trope is precisely why Rumisiel gets [[Crowning Moment of Awesome|Crowning Moments Of Awesome]] in ''[[Misfile]]''. Even when his schemes work there is still an element of [[What Were You Thinking?]].
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* Meta example with ''[[Homestuck]]'' - [[Andrew Hussie]] had a basic idea for the characters and plot when he began it, but most of what you see and read was made up along the way. ''[[Problem Sleuth]]'' takes this even further, having had only its setting and main character designed in advance, and the rest made up by Hussie and the readers.
** In-universe example with [[The Lancer|Dave]]'s approach to handling his [[Time Master]] powers:
{{quote|<code>'''span style{{=}}"color|:#e00707|;font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;">TG: the thing with time travel is}}'''</codespan>
<code>'''span style{{=}}"color|:#e00707|;font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;">TG: you cant overthink it}}'''</codespan>
<code>'''span style{{=}}"color|:#e00707|;font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;">TG: just roll with it and see what happens}}'''</codespan> }}
* Xeus from ''[[The Beast Legion]]'' makes such a move when he takes on a plant mongrel in [http://www.thebeastlegion.com/issue-03-page-37surprise-counter-attack/ this page].
* In ''[[Freefall]]'', this is Sam Starfall's stock in trade. After all, [http://freefall.purrsia.com/ "Improvise is one of the few battle plans that survives contact with the enemy."]
* ''[[Irregular Webcomic!]]'' has a character ever eager to improvise:
 
{{quote|'''Ishmael''': Do you want to know what the plan is?
'''Giuseppe''': Did Christofero Colombo have a plan? Did Marco Polo have a plan? Italians don’t need plans!}}
 
== [[Web Original]] ==
* In the [[Whateley Universe]], most of the fights that Team Kimba get into fall into this trope, since so far they haven't planned out any of the major confrontations that have dropped onto them. Chaka lives by this trope, when she's not actually thinking things through enough to be [[The Chessmaster]].
* [[Leeroy Jenkins Video|LEEEEROY JENKINS!!!]] is an example of the '[[What Were You Thinking?]]' variety. While the video was staged, along with Leeroy's blinding incompetence, the creators said it was based on a real (although presumably less over-the-top) event.
 
 
== [[Western Animation]] ==
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'''Krabs''': Or else what?
'''Plankton''': Uh, I don't know. I didn't think I'd get this far. }}
* A common theme in early episodes of ''[[Re BootReBoot]]'' was that Bob never thought more than 6 nanoseconds ahead, and Dot never did anything without careful forethought. Naturally this led to friction as the two competed to prove which approach was best, while events provided a subtle Aesop that a balance between the two was really the best approach.
* A pariculary memorable conversation on ''[[Buzz Lightyear of Star Command]]'', when Mira is hitching a ride inside Buzz's head:
{{quote|'''Mira''': What now?
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'''Phineas''': You know, willy-nilly barging ''is'' a plan of sorts.
'''Candace''': *[[Oh Crap|looks terrified]]* }}
 
 
== [[Real Life]] ==
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** Not entirely uncommon among serial authors. Often, one will have the big events plotted out (character deaths, villain appearances), but will come up with the intervening comics as he or she makes them.
* A few real books were written this way (the author just making it up as he goes along in one draft with no revisions), such as the novel ''Hawaii''.
** As well as the entire ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. Tolkien had a vague idea of the ending, but he had no idea how to get there until he got there. Every big event, from beginning to end, was designed while it was being written. The only scene he even tried to write ahead of time was the climactic scene inside Mt. Doom, and the final one was still written only when the story got to it.
** [[Rumiko Takahashi]] never really plans ahead. She just comes up with the story by a chapter by chapter basis.
* This was actually how American football's signature feature, the forward pass, came into being. In the early 20th Century, many colleges were considering abandoning Walter Camp's football code in favor of rugby. In a game between the University of North Carolina and the University of Georgia, a punter threw the ball towards a teammate down field while trying to avoid getting creamed by an oncoming rush. The receiver made a 70-yard touchdown (including the pass) to win the game for the UNC Tarheels, 7-0. This was witnessed by one Johnny Heisman, who related the story to Camp. Seeing a way to open up the game and make it more exciting to fans, he agreed to legalize the forward pass. Along with the abolition of the Flying Wedge Formation and the adoption of heavy protective padding, changes designed to fix the ''other'' problem of players being killed and crippled, the forward pass is credited with saving the game of American football.
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{{reflist}}
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Improvised Index]]
[[Category:Action Adventure Tropes]]
[[Category:The Plan]]
[[Category:Plots]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]