The Sixteen Lands of Deutschland: Difference between revisions

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{{tropeUseful Notes}}
[[The Berlin Republic]] has sixteen states. The actual German plural is (Bundes)Länder, but that's not very Wiki friendly.
 
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== '''Baden-Württemberg''' ==
[[File:Coat of arms of Baden-Württemberg (lesser).svg|thumb|100px]]
[[File:35px-Coat_of_arms_of_Baden-Wrttemberg_lesser_svg_9286.png|frame]]
South West Germany. Three post-1945 Länder to begin with, until they merged in 1952. Notable for precision mechanics, some famous universities, and banning Muslim female teachers from wearing headscarves. Used to be ruled consistently by the CDU (which often won absolute majorities) but as in spring 2011 it became the first German ''Land'' to have a ''Ministerpräsident'' from the Green Party.
 
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== '''Bayern''' ==
[[File:35px-Bayern_Wappen_svg_1974Bayern Wappen.pngsvg|framethumb|100px]]
You probably know this as Bavaria. Home to Lederhosen, the real ''[[Oktoberfest]]'' and a certain [[The Pope|Joseph Ratzinger]].
 
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== '''[[Berlin]]''' ==
[[File:Coat of arms of Berlin.svg|thumb|100px]]
[[File:35px-Coat_of_arms_of_Berlin_svg_3047.png|frame]]
See that entry. The eastern half was capital of [[East Germany]], while the Western half, due to the ambiguous legal status of the place, couldn't vote in West German federal elections (although its citizens, like Chancellor Willy Brandt, could stand elsewhere) and had 20 non-voting representatives in the Bundestag instead). Starting in 1956, it did issue license plates in the standard (then-)West German format (B; sometimes Germans use these as a shorthand for city names in other places, like Internet forums, incidentally).
 
A highly ambigiousambiguous legal status. Technically under Allied occupation [[wikipedia:Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany|until 1990]], the German Basic Law didn't apply there. West Berlin was pretty much the 11th state of [[West Germany]], with West German treating all West Berliners (and East Germans too, which is why so many tried to cross [[The Berlin Wall]]) as German citizens. However, the city was exempt from conscription, which attracted a counter-culture there and West German airlines weren't allowed to fly there as the three air corridors linking West Germany and West Berlin were for British, French and US planes only. The East Germans wouldn't let them use their airspace either, claiming the Lufthansa name for themselves - see [[East Germany]].
 
Since reunification, Berlin is a single German state.
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== '''Brandenburg''' ==
[[File:Brandenburg Wappen.svg|thumb|100px]]
[[File:35px-Brandenburg_Wappen_svg_5009.png|frame]]
Entirely surrounding Berlin, it was recreated in 1990, having been broken up by East Germany. Berlin is completely surrounded by Brandenburg territory.
 
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== '''Bremen''' ==
[[File:Bremen Wappen(Mittel).svg|thumb|100px]]
[[File:35px-Bremen_WappenMittel_svg_3419.png|frame]]
One of the city-states of Germany, the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen is actually two separate areas - Bremen and Bremerhaven. Unlike Berlin, which only became a state of its own after the post-[[WW 2]] dismemberment of Prussia, Bremen and Hamburg were autonmous and self-ruled ''Reichsstädte" even during the Holy Roman Empire and thus have a republican tradition going back to the middle ages. From 1945 to 1949, Bremen was an American enclave in the British zone of occupation as the American forces used Bremerhaven as their main port.
 
With "[[The Bremen Town Musicians]]", this city even has its own [[Fairy Tale]]. Well, sort of, considering that {{spoiler|the protagonists, who went on a journey to Bremen, actually never arrive there. (Don't worry, nothing bad happened to them, they just changed their plans.)}} At Bremen's town hall, there is a neat statue of those four intrepid animals.
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== '''Hamburg''' ==
[[File:DEU Hamburg COA.svg|thumb|100px]]
[[File:35px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hamburg-1_svg_9239.png|frame]]
Another city state, it is officially called the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. Hamburg is the largest German city after Berlin. Its citizens are called Hamburgers, the word for the food item actually coming via the city's name.
 
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== '''Hessen''' ==
[[File:Coat of arms of Hesse.svg|thumb|100px]]
[[File:35px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hesse_svg_3864.png|frame]]
Hesse in English, located in west-central Germany. Source of an alternative name for [[wikipedia:Burlap|Burlap]], mercenaries from the area fought on the British side during the [[American Revolutionary War]]. Home to Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm and thus often associated with fairytales to some degree.
 
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== '''Mecklenburg-Vorpommern''' ==
[[File:Coat of arms of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (great).svg|thumb|100px]]
[[File:35px-Coat_of_arms_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania_great_svg_4323.png|frame]]
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania was formerly in [[East Germany]] and provided it with a coastline on the Baltic. This meant that it was and still is a holiday destination. Western Pomerania was part of Sweden from the [[Thirty Years' War]] to the Napoleonic Wars and includes Germany's biggest island, Rügen.
 
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== '''Niedersachsen''' ==
[[File:Coat of arms of Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|100px]]
[[File:35px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lower_Saxony_svg_958.png|frame]]
Lower Saxony in English, this, unlike the other Saxonies, was [[West Germany]]. When "the Saxons" are mentioned in regard to [[Dark Age Europe]] (as in the Anglo-Saxons), this is the land they are from. The later Kingdom and current state of Saxony (whose inhabitants are also called Saxons) is located in an entirely different part of Germany. VW is based in the Lower Saxon city of Wolfsburg.
 
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== '''Nordrhein-Westfalen''' ==
[[File:Coat of arms of North Rhine-Westfalia.svg|thumb|100px]]
[[File:35px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westfalia_svg_1087.png|frame]]
North Rhine-Westphalia in English, it is the most populous and, arguably <ref>As a former coal mining region, it suffers silimar problems as Northern England or the US Great Lakes do.</ref>, richest state in the whole of Germany. Although the Rhine-Ruhr Area is a massive conurbation (over 10 million residents), 52% of the state is actually agricultural.
 
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The cities of the ''Ruhrgebiet'' (Ruhr-area), by the natives also called ''Ruhrpott'', or just ''Pott'': ''Bochum'', ''Bottrop'', ''Dortmund'', ''Duisburg'', ''Essen'', ''Gelsenkirchen'', ''Hagen'', ''Hamm'', ''Herne'', ''Mülheim an der Ruhr'' and ''Oberhausen'', as well as a few smaller towns within the Kreise (districts) of ''Ennepe-Ruhr'', ''Recklinghausen'', ''Unna'' and ''Wesel''. (Phew! Forgot anyone?)
 
During the 19th and the 20th century, black coal was mined in the area framed by the Rhine's tributaries ''Ruhr'' and ''Lippe'', luring other industies such as metallurgy into said area. The ''Pott'' developed into the "industrial backbone" of Germany. It is currently seeking to redefine itself after the decline of its "traditional" mining-industries, for example by luring in newer industry-branches. And by encouraging tourism: Old [[wikipedia:Gasometer Oberhausen|gasometers]] or [[wikipedia:Filemedia:Zollverein Schacht 12.jpg|pit heads]] are treated as [[Eiffel Tower Effect|the Ruhr-area's answer to the Eiffel Tower or the Brandenburg Gate.]] Also, home of two famous [[The Rival|(of course rivaling)]] football teams: ''Borussia Dortmund'' and ''Schalke 04''. (Schalke is a quarter of Gelsenkirchen.)
 
* The webcomic ''[[Union of Heroes]]'' is set in the Ruhr-area, specifically Dortmund.
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== '''Rheinland-Pfalz''' ==
[[File:Coat of arms of Rhineland-Palatinate.svg|thumb|100px]]
[[File:35px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rhineland-Palatinate_svg_3094.png|frame]]
Rhineland-Palatinate in English, formerly the northern part of the French zone of occupation, it consists of territories that before [[World War II]] belonged to the Prussia (Rhineland), Bavaria (Palatinate) and Hesse (Rheinhessen). Bordering France, Luxemburg and Belgium. Much agriculture and viticulture, offering a wide variety of and many good vines.
 
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== '''Saarland''' ==
[[File:35pxCoa de-Coa_de-saarland_svg_7122saarland.pngsvg|thumb|frame100px]]
After the war, Saarland was actually placed under French control, but was handed back in 1957 (it had been under de facto French adminstrationadministration from 1920 to 1935). Smallest of the non-city states, French is the most common foreign language here. Tried to qualify for the 1954 World Cup, and came second in their group... to the West Germans.
 
==== ''Saarbrücken'' ====
 
The capital and largest city.
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== '''Sachsen''' ==
[[File:Coat of arms of Saxony.svg|thumb|100px]]
[[File:35px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saxony_svg_5977.png|frame]]
Saxony. The Free State of Saxony was part of the former GDR, and the PDS does well there. Until 1918 it was one of the four kingdoms of the German Empire. The easternmost part, the ''Oberlausitz'' (Upper Lusatia), is home to the Sorbs, a Slavic minority speaking a language of their own, and includes the only part of the former Prussian province of Silesia that did not become Polish after [[World War II]].
 
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== '''Sachsen-Anhalt''' ==
[[File:Wappen Sachsen-Anhalt.svg|thumb|100px]]
[[File:35px-Wappen_Sachsen-Anhalt_svg_4629.png|frame]]
Saxony-Anhalt. Made up much of the Western border of the GDR. Continues to receive bad press for high unemployment and Neonazi concentration; decried as the typical post-reunification un-success story.
 
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State capital, apparently also the least known of these. History buffs may remember Magdeburg from the siege by Tilly during the [[Thirty Years' War]]. Has a very large gothic cathedral. The city was mostly bombed to rubble during the tail end of [[World War II]], requiring much rebuilding. Curious mixture of architectural styles, ranging from medieval churches to some surviving Weimar Republic-era housing to Soviet-style Plattenbau neighbourhoods.
 
* Capital of the United States of Europe in [[1632]].
 
==== ''Halle'' ====
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== '''Schleswig-Holstein''' ==
[[File:Coat of arms of Schleswig-Holstein.svg|thumb|100px]]
[[File:35px-Coat_of_arms_of_Schleswig-Holstein_svg_9058.png|frame]]
Formerly Englished as Sleswick-Holstein. Home of the famous Schleswig-Holstein question, a dispute over the relations of two duchies with Denmark and the German Confederation. Well and truly entering the farcical territory, this dispute was finally resolved by force of arms in favour of the Germans. Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, better known as Lord Palmerston and British "Prime Minister" on two occasions (the title had not entered official use yet - this was the subject of a ''[[QI]]'' question)
 
{{quote|"Only three people understood the Schleswig-Holstein Question. The first was Albert, the Prince consort and he is dead; the second is a German professor, and he is in an asylum: and the third was myself - and I have forgotten it."}}
 
Schleswig-Holstein is the northern most German state and part of the Jutland or Cimbrian peninsula with the rest of it taken up by Danish Jutland. Danish flags are not uncommon as the land was both German and Danish, the question has much to do with how the King of Denmark<ref> Since the middle ages, the Danish royal house is a branch of the German house of Oldenburg or Schleswig-Holstein, other branches of which ruled in the duchy of Oldenburg and, since Peter III, in Russia. [[The House of Windsor]] will technically be part of this House upon the death of Elizabeth II, as her late husband, Prince Philip, iswas a member, and [[Lineage Comes From the Father|house membership passes through the male line]]; however, nobody except royalty nerds really care.</ref> was also the Duke of Schleswig and Holstein and had a seat in the old [[Holy Roman Empire]] as the latter. In the late middle ages the city Lübeck (then a free city) was the second largest city in Germany and later the capital of the [[Hanseatic League]] that controlled most trade on the Baltic Sea. Even today, Schleswig-Holstein has many cultural similarities with neighboring Denmark and Sweden, arguably even much more than with other German states like Bavaria or Saxony. This however is partly due to the considerable cultural influence of Germany and Northern Germany in particular on Scandinavia. Transport is a major function of the area. A canal goes between the Baltic and North Sea saving hundreds of miles going around Jutland.
 
The name of the canal depends on who you ask. Baltic Canal, Kieler Canal and Nord-Ostsee-Kanal are common names.
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==== ''Kiel'' ====
 
The state capital. A port city, which played a part in the end of [[World War OneI]]. The German Navy at Kiel was ordered on what was essentially a suicide mission, but refused to leave. It has the largest shipyard in Germany, which produces many of Germany's modern ships and submarines. Germany does some rather good diesel U-boats, in fact (they sell them around the world--and occasionally donate them to the [[Israelis With Infrared Missiles]], whom some claim have equipped them with [[Nuke'Em|nuclear warheads]]).
 
Also famous for the Kieler Woche (Kiel's Week) festival every year. A large presentation and parade of all kinds of ships, from modern military ones to old or reconstructed ones, often from around the world.
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== '''Thüringen''' ==
[[File:Coat of arms of Thuringia.svg|thumb|100px]]
[[File:35px-Coat_of_arms_of_Thuringia_svg_5595.png|frame]]
Thuringia, which belonged to the GDR, was formed in 1920 from eight minor monarchies (one grand duchy, three duchies, and four principalities). Thuringia was occupied by US forces in 1945, but was soon traded in for West Berlin.
 
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