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The popular way of doing this is the "true" crossover, in which a storyline will begin in one series and ''cross over'' into the next one, encouraging viewers to tune into a show that may be thematically similar but which they do not usually watch.
For example ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'' had a handful of episodes where the characters would head off at the end, only to turn up in ''[[Angel]]'' straight after. This also worked the other way, with an amulet in ''[[Angel]]'' turning out to be vitally important for the last-ever episode of ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer|Buffy]]''. (This also highlights one of the dangers of '''
Alternatively, a single popular character can cross over from one show into the other for a brief guest appearance; this has the effect of attracting that character's fans from the other show without requiring the writing teams to sync up or creating DVD- and arc-unfriendly episodes. This is very common in comic books, in which most characters are part of a larger universe, such as the [[Marvel Universe]] or [[The DCU]]. It happens less often in TV and movie properties based on comic books, since they are often made by different production companies.
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** Getter Robo and Devilman in the "Devilman vs Getter Robo" manga. At the end of it, Akira and Miki lampshade the trope, joking about whom they will visit the next time.
* The mangaka group [[CLAMP]] have crossed their works over to the [[Canon Welding|point that now they are all in one big, weird world]]. Some of these are significant to the plot, many seem to be just for fun. A frequent crossover element is the Clamp Campus, a gigantic private school that shows up in ''CLAMP Campus Detectives'', ''[[X (manga)|X/1999]]'', ''Dukylon: CLAMP Defenders'', and ''Man of Many Faces''. Characters from ''[[Chobits]]'' make an appearance in ''[[Kobato.]]''. The protagonist of ''[[Tokyo Babylon]]'', Sumeragi Subaru, shows up in ''X/1999''. Even their "joke" series ''[[Miyuki-chan in Wonderland]]'' contains crossovers. In one story, Miyuki ends up as the Damsel In Distress in ''X/1999''. In another, she ends up playing (strip) [[Mahjong]] with other characters from CLAMP works. And there are the tribute music videos ''CLAMP in Wonderland'' and ''CLAMP in Wonderland 2'' which have segues between all of their series to date.
** Then there is ''[[Tsubasa Reservoir Chronicle]]''. The entire basic '''premise''' is being an ''[[Alternate Universe]]'' ''[[Massive Multiplayer Crossover]] '' with characters from most of CLAMP's works showing up, often in different contexts from their original portrayal, such as characters from opposing sides of ''[[X (manga)|X/1999]]'' hanging around the same cafe. Two of the main characters are alternate versions of the main characters from ''[[Cardcaptor Sakura]]''. ''
* The different stories [[Nasuverse]] are all colliding in a hilarious new [[Affectionate Parody]] called ''[[Carnival Phantasm]]''. The first episode featured the characters of ''[[Fate/stay night|Fate Stay Night]]'' finding out that the Holy Grail War had become a game show. Numerous people from throughout the [[Nasuverse]] can be seen in the audience.
* Speaking of [[Nasuverse]], in 2010, the main writer of the ''[[Lyrical Nanoha]]'' franchise has produced two crossover one-shot mangas, ''[[Fate/stay night|Fate Stay Night]]×[[Magical Girl Lyrical Nanoha (anime)|Magical Girl Lyrical Nanoha]]'' and ''[[Magical Girl Lyrical Nanoha (anime)|Magical Girl Lyrical Nanoha]]×[[Fate/kaleid liner Prisma Illya|Fate Kaleid Liner Prisma Illya]]''. The titles are rather self-explanatory.
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** There are also separate anime and manga crossover specials of ''[[Toriko]]'' and ''[[One Piece]]''.
* In the manga ''[[Digimon V-Tamer 01]]'' are a total of 3 non canon crossovers, each being about a hero of the current digimon anime series being space warped and ending up battling an extremely powerful digimon together with Taichi and Zero.
* In honor of Shounen Sunday's 50th anniversary, the publisher released a DVD including three [[OVA]]s for their three most popular
* ''[[Voltron]]: The Fleet of Doom'', a TV special made for American audience which had Lion Voltron and Vehicle Voltron working together to battle the allied forces of King Zarkon and the Drule Empire.
* Recently,{{when}} [[Detective Conan|Conan Edogawa]] and [[Lupin III]] met one another in a movie special.
* One episode of ''[[Dragon Ball]]'' took place in [[Doctor Slump|Penguin Village]].
** And [[Doctor Slump]]'s 1997 remake anime has Goku visits Penguin Village. The different is that Arale is now a main character while Goku is a guest star, and [[Art Evolution]].
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* ''[[Until Death Do Us Part]]'' has characters and organizations from ''[[Yami no Aegis]]'', by a different author.
* ''[[Pretty Cure All Stars]]'' crosses over all the existing Pretty Cure series in one big movie. And there's four of them!
* There's a thinly-disguised voice-actor crossover between ''[[Sailor Moon]]'' and ''[[Crayon Shin-chan]]'': Shin's and Shin's mother's seiyuu show up playing essentially their ''Crayon Shin-chan'' characters in episode 104 of ''Sailor Moon S'', and episode 109 of ''Crayon Shin-chan'' has three "Sailor" characters played by the seiyuu of Sailors Mercuty, Jupiter, and Chibimoon.
== Comic Books ==
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''See also the list at [[Crossover/Fanfic]]''.
* Crossovers are ''huge'' in all fandoms, and are one of the two or three biggest reasons to create fan works.
* A favourite for many seems to be ''[[Doctor Who]]'', due to the remarkable ease with which the Doctor can be inserted in any story just by having the TARDIS land there. One of the most famous, ''[[The Man With No Name (fanfic)|The Man With No Name]]'', is a ''[[Firefly]]''/''Doctor Who'' crossover, which some say should be officially added to [[Canon]].
** Yet it ''very'' strangely lists one of the unofficial rules of the internet dealing with crossovers (specifically, [[Touhou|rule (9)]]
** There's also ''[[A Hero (fan work)|A Hero]]'', a crossover with ''[[Puella Magi Madoka Magica]]'' which subverts most ''[[Doctor Who]]'' crossover formulas by instead inserting [[Scary Dogmatic Aliens|Dalek]] [[Mad Scientist|Sec]] to fix the mess.
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* [[The View Askewniverse]] movies are all connected, mostly by [[Jay and Silent Bob]] appearing in every movie. Aside from that, there are numerous events, elements, and secondary characters that intertwine throughout all six films. It also helps that the movies take place in the [[New Jersey|same state.]]
* There is an old film, ''Hercules, Samson and Ulysses'' which features the two strong men of the bronze age [[Cool vs. Awesome|coming to blows.]] It's also [[So Bad It's Good]].
== Literature ==
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* Long before the Marvel comics put two Robert E. Howard barbarian heroes together, Howard himself did it: in the Bran Mak Morn story ''Kings of the Night'', Kull of Atlantis makes a special guest appearance. He and Bran team up against the Roman Legions invading Britain.
* The 1995 novel ''H: The Story of Heathcliff's Journey Back to Wuthering Heights'' crosses over the two Bronte sister classics ''[[Jane Eyre]]'' and ''[[Wuthering Heights (novel)|Wuthering Heights]]''.
* [[Barbara Hambly]]'s 1985 ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series]]'' [[Tie-in Novel]] ''[[Ishmael (Star Trek novel)|Ishmael]]'' is basically a crossover between ''TOS'' and the late-1960s [[ABC]] TV Show ''[[Here Come the Brides]]'', in which an amnesiac Spock is flung back in time to [[Seattle]] in the 1860s and is taken in by sawmill owner Aaron Stemple while he tries to discover his origins and purpose in coming to Seattle. [[Bonus Points]] for Stemple having been played in the series by Mark Lenard, who is far better known for playing Spock's father Sarek.
* The "Tommy Westphall Universe" (or, alternatively, "The John Munch Principle") ties dozens of television series from the 1970's to the present through the characters of Tommy Westphall from ''[[St. Elsewhere]]'' (who is revealed to have imagined the entire series in the final scene of the final episode) and [[John Munch]], the Baltimore detective who has made crossover appearances in many television series (including the ''[[Law
▲== Live Action TV ==
* Apparently among Mr. Roark's ''[[Fantasy Island]]'' magical, mystical abilities is the [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_g_4C7-2Dg power to crossover] with other [[Aaron Spelling]] series
▲* The "Tommy Westphall Universe" (or, alternatively, "The John Munch Principle") ties dozens of television series from the 1970's to the present through the characters of Tommy Westphall from ''[[St. Elsewhere]]'' (who is revealed to have imagined the entire series in the final scene of the final episode) and John Munch, the Baltimore detective who has made crossover appearances in many television series (including the ''[[Law and Order]]'' canon, ''[[The X-Files]]'' and ''[[Homicide: Life on the Street]]''). Thanks to Munch's crossovers and cameos, as well as shared elements and names that occur between different franchises and series, a theorem was developed showcasing the connections. More than ''90%'' of all television shows are connected via crossover, including the entire ''[[All in The Family]]'' franchise, ''[[The Wire]]'', the entire ''[[Law and Order]]'' franchise, every major medical drama made in the 90's and 00's, and many more. [http://i.imgur.com/UyNxJiv.jpg Here's a handy diagram for those keeping track].
* The episodes of ''[[Law
▲* Apparently among Mr. Roark's ''[[Fantasy Island]]'' magical, mystical abilities is the [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_g_4C7-2Dg power to crossover with other [[Aaron Spelling]] series].
▲* The episodes of ''[[Law and Order Special Victims Unit]]'' and ''[[Law & Order: Trial by Jury]]'' titled "Night" and "Day," respectively, were crossovers of each other on the same night. The major characters from each series appeared on both episodes, which dealt with a rapist. ''SVU'' focused on the investigation and arrest of the rapist, while ''Trial by Jury'' focused on the trial. (There was some discontinuity here. At the end of ''SVU'', the case was declared a slamdunk. At the beginning of ''TBJ'', the case became a sure loser.)
** Most of ''[[Law & Order: Trial by Jury]]'' was a continuation of a plot that happened earlier in the week from one of the other three series running at the time.
** ''[[Law
** ''[[Law & Order]]'' also crossed over with ''[[Homicide: Life on the Street|Homicide]]'' in what was originally a two-parter. While working together on a single case, the two squads had personality clashes, and normally-infallible characters faltered in unfamiliar settings. In a good move, when this episode is rerun TNT will show both the ''L&O'' and ''Homicide'' episodes back-to-back, even though they don't usually show ''Homicide'' at all.
*** This also happened when [[Channel Five]] in the UK - which didn't screen ''Homicide'' - ran that particular ''L&O'' episode... unfortunately this practice is the exception rather than the rule in Britain, meaning numerous crossovers of this ilk are either left hanging (like the ''[[Ally McBeal]]''/''[[The Practice]]'' crossover - or, more germanely to Channel Five, the ''[[Martial Law]]''/''[[Walker, Texas Ranger]]'' one<ref>Five screened Sammo's adventures, but not Cordell's</ref>) or shown waaaaaaay apart, like the ''[[Magnum, P.I.]]''/''[[Simon and Simon]]'' one.
** ''Law
* ''[[iCarly]]'' had the crossover episodes "iParty With [[Victorious]]" and "iMeet [[Fred]]."
* ''[[Community]]'' has a great one, involving ''[[Cougar Town]]''. Abed mentions that he was allowed on the set of ''Cougar Town'' as an extra, and that episode actually exists!
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* ''[[Casualty]]'' and its spin-off ''[[Holby City]]'' have had four crossovers titled ''Casualty@Holby City'' (although they were given a special title, they ran as two-parters in the usual slots): two [[Christmas Episode]]s, one [[Halloween Episode]], and a [[Very Special Episode]] Organ Donation Awareness Week episode. We have yet to see ''Casualty@Holby City With Holby Blue'', but doubtless it's coming...
** And it has: although it wasn't called ''Holby Blue@Holby City'', the first episode of Season Two of ''[[Holby Blue]]'' was a direct continuation of that week's ''[[Holby City]]'', both of which featured the medics and the cops.
* The various ''[[Star Trek]]'' series saw many of these, beginning with ''The Next Generation'', although events in one series rarely affected the others. The crossovers became more frequent in later years.
** The ''[[Star Trek: Strange New Worlds]]'' episode "Those Old Scientists" has the ''[[Star Trek: Lower Decks]]'' characters Mariner and Boimler end up in their past, where Captain Pike and the ''Enterprise'' have to return them to their own time. This is listed here because ''[[Star Trek: Strange New Worlds]]'' is a [[Live-Action TV]] show while ''[[Star Trek: Lower Decks]]'' is [[Western Animation]]; Tawny Newsome and Jack Quaid, the voice actors for Mariner and Boimler, played their characters in live action.
* ''[[CSI]]'' has crossed over with two other shows within the [[CSI Verse]], ''[[CSI: Miami]]'' and ''[[Without a Trace]].'' Miami, meanwhile, has crossed over twice with ''[[CSI: NY]]'', and New York once did so with ''[[Cold Case]]'', and the three core CSI programs have recently crossed over with a three-part story featuring Ray Langston. All five are produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and air on CBS, so bringing them together is less complicated than most.
* ''[[All My Children]]'', ''[[One Life to Live]]'', and the defunct ''[[Loving]]'' were all created by Agnes Nixon and share a universe. Numerous crossovers have occurred over the years. In 2004, AMC and OLTL launched an ambitious crossover storyline in which a baby from ''[[All My Children]]'' was kidnapped to ''[[One Life to Live]]''. The story lasted several months.
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** An earlier [[Comic Relief]] had ''Have I Got ''[[A Question of Sport]]'' Fot You''.
**
* In ''[[The Man from U.N.C.L.E.]]''{{'}}s heyday an episode of ''[[Please Don't Eat
** There was also an episode featuring ''[[The Girl from U.N.C.L.E.]]'', April Dancer.
* ''[[Hercules: The Legendary Journeys]]'' and ''[[Xena: Warrior Princess]]''. You know ''Xena'' has [[Jumped the Shark]] when {{spoiler|the [[Big Bad]] is defeated ''in the other show''}}.
* Commercial example involving ''[[Monk]]''{{'}}s Adrian Monk and ''[[The Dead Zone]]''{{'}}s Johnny Smith. Three versions of the promos have them avoiding touching other people/things ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-lgJCtcAIA at a detectives association meeting]) and exhibiting their [[Blessed with Suck]]/[[Cursed with Awesome]] (Monk's OCD on [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f50yHDekFfg corn counting] and Smith's psychic ability with [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ac5x9NSkW0Y a punch bowl]). The [[USA Network]] aired both of their shows at the same time.
* [[Word of God]] says that if ''[[Psych]]'' hadn't made ''[[Leverage]]'' a fictional show within ''Psych''{{'}}s universe, ''Leverage''{{'}}s Eliot would have had an uncle named Henry.
* [[The WB]] once had a night dedicated to crossing over their shows. A character from one show would pop up in another, mostly for laughs and night contribute much to episode's plot. It was parodied in that night's episode of ''[[Unhappily Ever After]]'', wherein [[Sister, Sister|Jackee Harry]]
* ''[[Breakout Kings]]'' : In the third episode of the first season, ''[[Prison Break]]'''s T-Bag....breaks out from a prison. An unprecedented case of a character crossing over to a show on a completely different network but not so surprising considering both show have the same producers (and an obvious common theme).
* Kate Monday (or was it Pat Tuesday?) and George Frankly from ''[[Square One TV]]'''s Mathnet appeared on ''[[Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego?]]''.
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* Shonda Rhimes' ''[[Grey's Anatomy]]'' and ''[[Private Practice]]'' have crossovers seemingly every five episodes or so. Now that Rhimes has developed a new show, ''Scandal,'' one wonders just what kind of menage a trois is in store.
* [[Comic Relief]] did a crossover short between ''[[The Vicar of Dibley]]'' and ''[[Ballykissangel]]'' called "Ballykissdibley".
* [[The Green Hornet]] and Kato appeared on three two-part ''[[Batman (TV series)|Batman]]'' episodes, the intent being to suppirt the Hornet's show, which sadly, didn't do the job.
== Oral Tradition, Folklore, Myths and Legends ==
* [[Older Than Feudalism]] example: the classical tale of Jason and the Argonauts brought together many mythological heroes in a sort of Justice League Ancient Greece. "Hero" in [[Classical Mythology]] was an awfully vague term (as [[Cartoon History of the Universe|Larry Gonick]] put it, heroes aren't necessarily ''heroic'', just excessive), and since the mission was to ''steal'' an item (the Golden Fleece) "Justice League" isn't a terribly good name for them
▲* [[Older Than Feudalism]] example: the classical tale of Jason and the Argonauts brought together many mythological heroes in a sort of Justice League Ancient Greece. "Hero" in [[Classical Mythology]] was an awfully vague term (as [[Cartoon History of the Universe|Larry Gonick]] put it, heroes aren't necessarily ''heroic'', just excessive), and since the mission was to ''steal'' an item (the Golden Fleece) "Justice League" isn't a terribly good name for them....
* Maid Marian, the [[Arcadia|shepherdess]], featured in many pastoral plays popular at May festivities. Then there was a fad for [[Robin Hood]] plays. Then someone put the two characters together. It worked so well that Maid Marian is best known as a [[Robin Hood]] character, even though her independent existence predates him.
* Lancelot du Lac was the hero of a cycle of French stories before some canny balladeer decided to send him to Camelot to join up with [[King Arthur]]. The rest is... well, not quite ''history'', but you get the idea.
== Radio ==
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* Two episodes of ''[[The Goon Show]]'' featured guest appearances by Jack Train as Colonel Chinstrap from ''ITMA'', a popular comedy show from the previous decade.
* Batman and Robin made frequent appearances on ''[[The Adventures of Superman (radio)|The Adventures of Superman]]''.
== Tabletop Games ==
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* ''[[Dungeons & Dragons]]'' did this with the second edition meta-settings ''[[Planescape]]'' and ''[[Spelljammer]]'' connect individual settings' worlds into one [[Multiverse]]. So the characters of ''[[Forgotten Realms]]'', ''[[Greyhawk]]'' and ''[[Dragonlance]]'' can take a ride and visit each other. Planar travel reaches isolated places such as ''[[Dark Sun]]'' and ''[[Ravenloft]]''. The latter hardly is a desirable destination, so it has The Mists that can appear in normal worlds and abduct the PCs to the Demiplane of Dread.
** The ''[[Spelljammer]]'' novels of ''The Cloakmaster Cycle'' demonstrated such a campaign, with most of the first book taking place on [[Dragonlance|Krynn]], only gradually introducing the concept of spelljamming to the hero. Later he visited two of less known locations on [[Forgotten Realms|Toril]]. At least ''[[Forgotten Realms]]'' actively supported the meeting with other worlds by [http://www.thepiazza.org.uk/bb/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=6824 dropping mentions in its own sources].
** Also, the ''[https://dnd.wizards.com/products/stranger-things-starter-set Stranger Things edition]''. Since the characters in ''[[Stranger Things]]'' are fans of the popular RPG, it seemed a natural they'd come out with this crossover. There was also the humor oriented ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Kr2LY3AT0E D&D/Rick and Morty]'' crossover, which had its own spinoff, ''[[Planescape|Painscape]]''.
** There have been two crossovers with ''[[Magic: The Gathering]]'' (which is also owned by ''Wizards of the Coast'') one for each game. ''D&D'' had ''Strixhaven: A Curriculum of Chaos'', while ''Magic'' had ''Adventures in the Forgotten Realms''.
* West End Games' ''[[Paranoia (game)|Paranoia]]'' had a trilogy of crossovers under the banner "Vulture Warriors of Dimension X". The first two adventures crossed over with ''Cyberpunk 2013'' and ''[[Twilight 2000]]'', while the third adventure used time- and dimension-travel as a campaign hook for open-ended crossovers with other franchises.
== Theatre ==
* A [[Older Than Radio|19th-century example]] is the 1829 theatrical play ''Don Juan und Faust'' by Christian Dietrich Grabbe, a German dramatist. It is a crossover of the myth of [[Faust]] and of the tale of [[Don Juan]].
* Stephen Soundheim's ''[[Into the Woods]]'' features [[Cinderella (novel)|Cinderella]], [[Rapunzel]] and [[Jack and the Beanstalk]], with cameos by [[Sleeping Beauty]] and [[Snow White and The Seven Dwarfs (novel)|Snow White]].
== Video Games ==
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*** [[Beatmania IIDX|SigSig]], exactly as she appeared in IIDX ("SigSig")
*** [[Zone of the Enders|Dingo and Ken]] ("Beyond the Bounds")
** Also, a tradition for the ''[[Yu-Gi-Oh! (Tabletop Game)|Yu-Gi-Oh!]]'' game since 2002 is each new booster pack set introducing a card referencing another Konami property. ''[[Gradius]]'' is [[https://yugioh.fandom.com/wiki/Konami_Arcade_Games the most common source]], but there have been others, like ''[[Nano Breaker]]'' and ''[[Getsu Fūma Den]]''.
* ''[[Adventure Quest Worlds]]'' has a Crossover event with ''[[Ctrl+Alt+Del|Ctrl Alt Del]]''.
** ''AdventureQuest Worlds'' itself is one huge mix of the three main AE games, ''[[Adventure Quest]]'', ''[[Dragon Fable]], and ''[[Mechquest]]. Heroes and villains from all three have been featured in the game, although arguably the most evil villain of all three gets killed off right in the beginning of the game.
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* Blockland has a [[ROBLO Xian]] add-on that can make it be this
* Apparently ''[[Payday: The Heist|PAYDAY the Heist]]'' and ''[[Left 4 Dead]]'' [http://www.cinemablend.com/games/Left-4-Dead-PAYDAY-Heist-Crossover-Coming-Soon-42727.html is set to have one coming soon.]
== Visual Novels ==
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* An episode of ''[[The Zeta Project]]'' crossed over with ''[[Batman Beyond]]'', justified in this case as the former was a spinoff of the latter. (Due to Bob Kane's contractual billing being what it is, this is also the only episode where the opening titles omit the "Created by Robert Goodman" credit - the end credits specify Kane's being behind Batman, with Goodman being behind the characters for the spinoff.)
* [[Rankin/Bass Productions]] did it with ''Rudolph and Frosty's Christmas in July'', combining Rudolph with ''[[Frosty the Snowman]]'', ''Frosty's Winter Wonderland'', ''Rudolph's Shiny New Year'', and it appears that ''[[Santa Claus is Comin' to Town]]'' and ''[[The Year Without a Santa Claus]]'' may figure in, but mostly in dialogue references rather than character appearances. Strangely, there were never any crossovers with characters from the original ''[[Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer]]'' special—they only appeared again in ''Rudolph and the Island of Misfit Toys''.
* ''[[He
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