The Smurfette Principle: Difference between revisions

Updated wikilinks
(replaced the newly-added "nowiki" markup with the {{'}} template)
(Updated wikilinks)
 
(8 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)
Line 1:
{{trope}}{{outdated}}<!-- Doctor Who and The Order of the Stick both need updating, and maybe other entries as well -->
[[File:SmurfSexRatio.jpg|link=The Smurfs|frame|Take note of the Male-to-Female ratio.]]
 
Line 34:
The name of this trope was first coined by [http://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/07/magazine/hers-the-smurfette-principle.html an article in the New York Times printed April 7, 1991, called "The Smurfette Principle"]. The article discussed the negative message which this trope gave its young audience: that males are individuals who have adventures, while females are a type of deviation [[Never a Self-Made Woman|who exist only in relation to males]].
 
Contrast [[Two Girls to a Team]], [[Useful Notes/The Bechdel Test|The Bechdel Test]], [[Girl Show Ghetto]]. This is also [[Distaff Counterpart]] to [[The One Guy]]. See also [[Smurfette Breakout]] when the character becomes popular on her own, and [[Territorial Smurfette]] when another female is added to the show and the character reacts negatively.
 
{{examples}}
Line 112:
* In Hergé's ''[[Tintin]]'' comics, just about the only recurring female character is Bianca Castafiore, who's an impossible diva. Oh, and her maid.
** [[Word of God]] says that Hergé had a lot of trouble drawing adult characters that weren't ugly or ridiculous (Tintin doesn't count, as the character design is almost childish and very simple anyway) - something that didn't bother Hergé when it came to men, but annoyed him greatly when drawing women. He actually started to get better at it in the latter albums, and a cute female character with a major role was introduced in "Tintin et l'Alph-Art", but this effort suffered [[Author Existence Failure]].
* Alison Bechdel's ''[[Dykes to Watch Out For]]'' initially inverted this, with scarcely any male characters, partly as a response to the Smurfette principle (as discussed in ''The Indelible Alison Bechdel'') and partly to force male readers to identify with the female characters, as women often have to identify with male characters. Over the last several years, more male characters have appeared; one of the main characters, Sparrow, had a long-term relationship and a child with a man named Stuart. This may have also been her accommodating what has become to be known as [[Useful Notes/The Bechdel Test|The Bechdel Test]] in her own work.
* When the ''[[Fantastic Four (Comic Book)|Fantastic Four]]'' started in 1961, the Invisible Girl was the only female member, and she was the weakest of the four (her force fields weren't invented till later).
* When the ''[[X-Men (Comic Book)|X-Men]]'' started in 1963, Jean Grey was the only female member, and the weakest (it was a decade before she got Phoenix powers).
Line 269:
* The [[Five-Man Band]] in ''[[Captain Power and the Soldiers of the Future]]'' included Captain Power, Hawk, Tank, and Scout, all male. Sometime before the start of the show, they rescued Jennifer "Pilot" Chase from the Dread Youth. She was an awkward mix of skills and talents: she was on par with Power and Scout in combat and infiltration, but the former could easily (and often did) replace her at the helm of the Jumpship, and most of the time she was there only to be [[The Chick]]. Worse, at the end of its [[Cut Short|only season]], she was [[Killed Off for Real]] in a [[Heroic Sacrifice]]. Leaked scripts for a proposed Season 2 would have brought in a more [[Action Girl|Amazonian]] replacement.
* ''[[Kamen Rider]]'' has always been quite the wiener party, with female Riders being few and far in between. ''[[Kamen Rider Ryuki]]'' introduced the first official female Rider. Her title was "Kamen Rider Femme". Go figure. ("Femme" is French for "woman"...) She only appears in a movie, thus being non-canon. Oh, and she {{spoiler|dies after like 30 minutes}}, but not before {{spoiler|killing the most evil Kamen Rider apparently.}}
** ''Ryuki''{{'}}s Western Adaptation ''[[Kamen Rider Dragon Knight]]'' expanded the role of Femme's counterpart Kamen Rider Siren with original footage; making her a [[Sixth Ranger]] and forming a [[Power Trio]] with the two male leads. She's still the only girl out of thirteen Riders, but points for doing what they could.
** Furthering the point on the rare female Kamen Riders, Shuki from ''[[Kamen Rider Hibiki]]'' was the first female Rider to be in a TV series rather than a movie-only character. The tragic [[Executive Meddling]] that ruined the show in an attempt to make it more like other ''Kamen Rider'' series {{spoiler|killed her off.}}
** On a few occasions, women have "borrowed" Rider powers (including [[Kamen Rider Faiz]], [[Kamen Rider Kiva|IXA]], and the ''[[Kamen Rider Decade]]'' incarnation of [[Kamen Rider Den-O|Den-O]]), but this is always temporary.
** Preceding all of them was Electro-Human Tackle (yes, that was her name) from ''[[Kamen Rider Stronger]]'', who had all the qualifications to be considered a Rider, but wasn't. The manga ''[[Kamen Rider Spirits]]'' addresses this by saying that {{spoiler|following her [[Heroic Sacrifice]], Shigeru/Stronger wanted her to rest in peace as a normal woman.}}
** ''[[Kamen Rider Decade]]'' tries to redress some of the issue by having Natsumi temporarily become [[Kamen Rider Den-O|Den-O]] and later {{spoiler|becoming Kamen Rider Kivala in the [[Grand Finale]] movie (Keyword: "Finale". Go figure.)...and '''not''' dying, unlike the previous female Riders}} as well as giving ''[[Kamen Rider Hibiki|Hibiki]]''{{'}}s Akira full-fledged powers as Kamen Rider Amaki (in ''Hibiki'', she only ever assumed a middle-stage transformation).
* Both the U.K and U.S versions of ''[[Whose Line Is It Anyway?|Whose Line Is It Anyway]]'' feature four players, all of whom are almost always male. Only one episode in 18 series featured one male and three female performers. This is not helped by both Colin Mochrie and Ryan Stiles appearing in every episode of the last 11 series, meaning the best the women could achieve was parity with the male performers.
** Lampshaded in one episode during a game of ''Scenes From A Hat'' in which the scene was "Bad Times to Kiss Someone". Since all the players were male, when the game ended, Colin Mochrie asked if they could get some women on the show.
** This is a common issue on similarly structured comedy shows. The most [[Egregious]] offender is probably ''[[Mock the Week]]'', since all four recurring panelists (out of six) are male and the host is as well.
Line 327:
 
== Music ==
* Unlike other genres, it is still rare for a hip-hop label to have more than one female rapper at the same time, especially for solo acts. These women generally wind up falling into two roles: hyper-sexualized [[Ms. Fanservice]]'s ([[Trope Codifier]] [[Lil' Kim]], [[Nicki Minaj]], Trina, Shawnna, and Olivia for Bad Boy Entertainment, YMCMB, Slip-n-Slide, Disturbing tha Peace, and G-Unit, respectively) or projecting a less sexual [[One of the Boys]] image ([[Trope Codifier]] MC Lyte, Lady of Rage, Yo-Yo and Da Brat for First Priority, Death Row, Lench Mob and So So Def, respectively). Post-Lil Kim, the former category has become more prominent, though, since the late '90s, more female emcees have found a happy medium between emphasizing their vocal prowess ''and'' sexual expression (former Flipmode artist Rah Digga and Eve, from Ruff Ryders). The one-girl-to-a-team rule has notably been averted by Murder Inc. (who featured Charli Baltimore, Lil' Mo and Vita), and Def Jam which, for a short period during the 2000s hosted Foxy Brown, Lady Sovereign, Unladylike, Shareefa, and Shawnna, simultaneously.
* In [[The Protomen]]'s ''[[Mega Man (video game)|Mega Man]]'' [[Rock Opera]] (also known as ''The Protomen''), Dr. Light's girlfriend Emily is the only female character to have lines.
 
Line 343:
* PPVs also fall victim to this since there will often only be one women's match per PPV (apart from Night of Champions when they had two titles so they had two matches; they skated around this in 2010 by having the unification match at Night of Champions) and indeed, as is often the case on the regular TV shows, a mixed tag match will often be counted as the token women's match despite the women usually taking a backseat in those matches.
* In fairness though, while episodes will normally feature only one match, WWE and TNA do generally try to feature all their women on TV regularly. There have been cases where multiple storylines for the women have taken place at the same time with backstage segments and pairing the women with male Superstars. WWE have recently been quite good at making sure all their Divas are featured on TV regularly (without throwing them all in a multi diva tag match). NXT has been a big help with this.
 
 
== Radio ==
Line 350 ⟶ 349:
* When Sandi Toksvig first appeared on ''[[I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue]]'' in the 1990s, she remarked how proud she was to be 'in the long line of women who have appeared on the show' (she was the third, and the show had been running for about twenty years at that point.) This provoked considerable laughter from the audience, and a sort of 'oooh' noise from Tim Brooke-Taylor.
** Barry Cryer proceeded to make the apologetic comment "Well, they were all [[wikipedia:Rosie the Riveter|in the factories]] [[Long Runners|when we started]]!"
 
 
== Tabletop Games ==
=== Board Games ===
* [[Chess]] has only one female character, the queen, which makes sense since the names are inspired by medieval warfare. However, [[God Save Us From the Queen|she is also the most powerful piece.]]
* The ''Guess Who?'' game (in the late 80’s’80s) had exactly 5 girls and like 35 guys. This was a game of yes/no questions about appearance. If you drew a card with a girl on it you were almost sure to lose that round. Women were truly an “unusual subtype”. They were rarer than bald people, people with glasses, and gingers.
* While the ''[[Warhammer 40,000]]'' fluff contains a good number of female characters, there are very few of those that can be used in-game.
** Also, although a number of armies (in particular the Imperial Guard and the Eldar/Dark Eldar) are said to contain large numbers of women, up until recently unless a unit was [[Amazon Brigade|overwhelmingly female]] the models wouldn't reflect it. More recent miniatures have started to correct this pattern, with female torsos being available in the Eldar Guardian box sets for example.
Line 380 ⟶ 378:
* [[Transformers]] series' toy lines. All of them. [[Fridge Logic|Though one could argue why alien robots conform to human genders in the first place]].
* Most action toy lines in general follow this trope, generally on the basis that boys won't buy action figures of female characters. This was the reason Katara from ''[[Avatar: The Last Airbender]]'' never got an action figure despite being an [[Action Girl]] on the main cast, while a male character, Jet, who only appeared in a few episodes, managed to get one.
 
 
== Video Games ==
Line 418 ⟶ 415:
** ''[[Gauntlet (1985 video game)|Gauntlet]]'' has three male (Warrior, Wizard, Elf), one female (Valkyrie). Sequel ''Gauntlet Legends'' averts this by changing the androgynous-looking elf to a female elven Archer. ''Dark Legacy'' falls back in when adding four more characters to the exisitng four: three male (Dwarf, Knight, Jester) and one female (Sorceress). As well, the breasts on all the women became about [[Gag Boobs|twice the size of their heads]]. ''Seven Sorrows'' then goes back to the original four characters.
*** ''Get Medieval'', a [[Spiritual Successor]] by Monolith Productions, kept a 2:2 ration by turning the Wizard into a naughty sorceress whose every line was a [[Double Entendre]]. (Okay, some were even single ones...)
** Both ''[[Left 4 Dead]]'' games have one female in a group of three males. In the sequel, the two groups meet so it's two girls with six guys. All the [[Non-Player Character|NPCs]] in the game are male, including the zombies until the female version of the Boomer was introduced in the sequel.
* In the ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]'' games, while there are a small handful of important female NPCs, when it comes to the playable characters, the three main characters are all male, and there's only one female [[Guest Star Party Member]] in each game; Ariel of ''[[The Little Mermaid]]'' in the first one, and [[Mulan]] in the sequel.
** This is partially due to the constraints of the setting. How many female Disney characters could believably be adapted to combat? Even Ariel was a big stretch...though given that this is a game who managed to make {{spoiler|Mickey Mouse}} a [[Badass]], it's not impossible.
Line 425 ⟶ 422:
** The main characters of ''[[Kingdom Hearts: Birth By Sleep]]'', Terra, Ven(tus), and Aqua fall victim to this. 2 males, one female. {{spoiler|Then it turns out that due to their fates and how the endgame plays out, Terra and Ven become [[Decoy Protagonist|decoy protagonists]] to Aqua somewhat...}}
* Most ''[[Super Robot Wars]]'' games allow the player to choose between an equal number of male or female original characters. While this doesn't quite help the ratio among the licensed games, it makes for a more or less even mix among characters in the ''Original Generation'' series.
* The ''[[Mega Man (video game)|Mega Man]]'' series, as a whole, does this constantly. While there exact number of significant characters in the series depends on which of the many spinoffs are counted, even the most basic count totals over 100. Of these, the only females among them are Roll, who took until ''10'' to get a single plot-significant action to her name (getting sick so her brothers can save her) and was only playable a bonus character in a remake (as a semi-[[Joke Character]]), a post-completion bonus in an otherwise bad and now no-longer obtainable mobile port (not a joke character this time), and a board game where Mega Man himself isn't playable, ''[[Mega Man 4]]'s'' Kalinka, who existed entirely to be kidnapped and seems to never show up anymore because [[Comic Book Time|she would raise questions about the passage of time]], ''BatleBattle and Chase'''s Plum, who exists purely to facilitate pre-credits dialog and is almost entirely removed in translated versions because the translators were lazy, and ''9''{{'}}s Splash Woman.
** The [[Capcom vs. Whatever]] games have their own different [[Unfortunate Implications]] concerning Roll. In ''[[Marvel vs. Capcom 2]]'', she was such an awful [[Joke Character]] that she got her own [[Character Tiers|tier]]. In ''[[Tatsunoko vs. Capcom]]'', thanks to the release of ''[[Mega Man Powered Up]]'', her moversetmoveset has a [[Stay in the Kitchen]] theme.
** In [[Mega Man (animation)|the Ruby-Spears cartoon]], Roll was more of a [[Faux Action Girl]] than a generic housekeeper. There was still the "vacuum-for-an-arm" complex she seemed to have developed, though...
** The ''[[Mega Man X|X]]'' series has only a couple, mostly in noncombat roles as well—Iris was Zero's love interest and apparently not a combatant (though she did fight at the end—against him, {{spoiler|and she dies by his sword}}), Alia plays mission control in later games, and a few of the bosses are feminine.
Line 437 ⟶ 434:
** Starcraft: Ghost's main character was to be a female Ghost, not unlike Kerrigan. In its cinematic, she sits in the shadows of a Dropship on the way to the battle area. A macho Marine makes a sexist comment, and is silently stared down as she leans out of the shadows and is revealed to [[Samus Is a Girl|be a woman]].
* Many early computer games would let the players choose their gender (as well as, often, other attributes like name, race and age) at the start of the game (unless you were a [[Featureless Protagonist]], of course). As the amount of assets (graphics, voice acting, and sometimes even onscreen actors) needed to portray player characters increased, many studios discreetly dumped this feature. Modern games that let you choose a gender offer varying amounts of plot and gameplay branching as a result of the choice.
* ''[[Fallout]]'' allowed you to choose your character's gender, but of the four recruitable NPCs only one was female. In ''[[Fallout 2]]'' it got worse, with eight recruitable males, four dogs, a robot... and one female human, who was literally worse than useless (useless in a fight, can't gain levels, takes up a party slot and ''won't leave unless you kill her or sell her to slavers''. The being said, [[Femme Fatale|some quests in the game were more easily completed if you were a woman]]. It is debatable whether this helps, but it certainly won't pass [[Useful Notes/The Bechdel Test|The Bechdel Test]].
** ''[[Fallout 3]]'' is somewhat better in this regard, having two female recruitable NPCs who are relatively useful. However, they are still in the minority (there are three male companions, as well as a genderless (formerly male) super mutant, a male dog and a robot with a male voice).
*** Many fans believe Fawkes was a human female.
Line 493 ⟶ 490:
* The ''[[Ace Combat]]'' series is a pretty bad offender (but then again, they are gaming equivalents of ''[[Top Gun]]''):
** ''[[Ace Combat 2]]'' had a single significant female character, namely the optional wingwoman Kei Nagase. The other potential wingman was a [[Scary Black Man]] and the [[Player Character]] [[Featureless Protagonist]] is referred to as male.
** The unpre-[[macekre]]d Japanese version of ''[[Ace Combat 3: Electrosphere]]'' is, thus far, the biggest aversion of this trope in the series. In addition to the [[Ill Girl|Ill]] [[MacGuffin Girl]] Rena Hirose, it gave us the [[The Glorious War of Sisterly Rivalry|Fitzgerald sisters, Cynthia and Fiona,]] who pretty much determine the late-game missions in the Neucom path. With Erich Jager, Keith Bryan, and [[Evil Mentor|Abyssal Dision]] on the male side, ''Electrosphere'' comes as close to gender parity, as an ''AC'' game can.
** ''[[Ace Combat 04: Shattered Skies]]'' gave us Yellow 4, the [[Cartwright Curse|Doomed Love Interest]] of the hero's rival, and the only female in her squadron.
** ''[[Ace Combat 5: The Unsung War]]'' featured the ''other'' Kei Nagase, the only female in the entire game until the brief late-mission appearance of Bartlett's old flame.
** ''[[Ace Combat Zero: The Belkan War]]'' goes for a Token Enemy Female again and gives us [[Badass Spaniard|Marcela Vasquez]], the only female boss-level ace and the only woman to get her own interview. Also, out of 169 [[Nominal Importance|named aces]] in the game, only 9 are female. That's about 19 to 1 male-to-female ratio.
** ''[[Ace Combat 6: Fires of Liberation]]'' tried to address this issue by showing a part of the story through the eyes of Melissa and Ludmila, two female refugees wandering the war-torn Emmeria, looking for their daughter and fiance, respectively. Also, it had a Token Enemy Female, Irena Dvornik, as well as allied pilot Lanner.
** ''[[Ace Combat: Assault Horizon]]'' follows the suit with only one female character of [[Nominal Importance]] and speaking role, Janice Rehl. A Nagase lookalike is present in some cutscenes but that's sadly just a non-speaking cameo.
*** On a more meta level, Janice is so far the ''only'' playable female character in a twenty years-old series. And only for half a mission.
Line 507 ⟶ 504:
* Of the gang of playable characters in ''[[Borderlands]]'', three are male, with a fourth man driving the truck, and one is female - introduced as "The Siren," which is barely a gnat's whisker away from simply calling her "the token girl." The vast majority of enemies will be male, too. Or arguably, in the case of the skags, not sexually dimorphic.
* A pub in ''[[Dishonored]]''. ''[[Cracked.com]]'''s [http://www.cracked.com/article_20657_the-6-most-bizarre-ways-to-lose-popular-video-games.html The 6 Most Bizarre Ways to Lose Popular Video Games] describes it as containing "Havelock the leader, Piero the geeky inventor, and Callista the woman."
* [[Real Life Writes The Plot]]; the reason ''[[Super Mario Wonder]]'' averts this Trope by including Daisy as a playable character is because, as the developers claim, their own daughters (who beta tested the game) would argue over who would use Peach in multi-player mode. They later decided to add Toadette too to the roster, making the playable cast five guys and three gals.
 
 
== [[Web Comics]] ==
Line 541 ⟶ 538:
* [[The Nostalgia Chick]] talks about this in a video titled "[https://web.archive.org/web/20140830043656/http://thatguywiththeglasses.com/videolinks/thedudette/nostalgia-chick/16616-the-smurfette-principle The Smurfette Principle]". At that point, she was also an example of it, though two other women joined the site at the same time, and [[That Guy With The Glasses]], as a site, has gone on to build a larger female cast.
* Most videos on ''[[Cracked.com]]'' have a single female.
 
 
== Western Animation ==
Line 593 ⟶ 589:
** In the original book, the gender issue was dealt with as just the way rabbits ''think''. They're not human. They can't wrap their minds around a board that floats on the water. They pass countless dangers and finally locate the perfect new home, settle down to start a colony, and realize, "Oh, damn, we forget to bring any women." Which is the impetus for the second half of the story ("Shoot, we better find someone to bear our kits").
** It's also worth noting that in the sequel, ''Tales from Watership Down'', some females do get larger roles. A story about a doe-led warren is told, and the doe Hyzenthlay {{spoiler|becomes co-leader of the ''Watership Down'' rabbits}}. This was author Richard Adams' specific response to complaints that the first book was too testosterone-centric.
* For all their [[Emotional Torque|perfection]], one major complaint about [[Pixar]] is the lack of films that have passed the [[Useful Notes/The Bechdel Test|test]]:
** ''[[Toy Story (franchise)|Toy Story]]''{{'}}s main cast includes a young boy's toy collection, with predictably male-oriented rather than girls' toys. Bo Peep was the only female in the cast, a domestic woman and [[Shallow Love Interest]] with no part in the main action. The second and third films even out the gender inequality, though not by much.
*** Even though Toy Story 3 had many more female characters than the other two, I think it should be worth mentioning that {{spoiler|Andy got rid of Bo Peep}}.
** ''[[A Bug's Life|A Bugs Life]]'', despite having a few female royalties, is guilty of the [[Insect Gender Bender]]; biology dictates its protagonist should have been female. The Seven Samurai-esque troupe has a 3:1 (6:2) male-to-female ratio.
** The only major female characters in ''[[Monsters, Inc.]]'' are a little girl with limited dialogue, the forgettable love interest Celia, and {{spoiler|Roz the undercover CDA agent}}, who has little screen time. The ratio is 4:2.
** ''[[Finding Nemo]]'' has 9:3.
Line 612 ⟶ 608:
* The 80s cartoon series ''[[He-Man and the Masters of the Universe|He Man and The Masters of The Universe]]'' followed this trope, having only two females (Teela and the Sorceress) in the main cast of heroes (the villains had one too: Evil-Lynn). They were also the only inhabitants of the planet immune to the steroids in the water supply.
** Heck, in the original comics that came with the toys, before the cartoon series, Teela WAS the Sorceress.
** Its spinoff series ''[[She-Ra: Princess of Power|She Ra Princess of Power]]'' was basically the same show [[Distaff Counterpart|with the gender ratio reversed]] to appeal to female viewers. Oddly enough, the one male (Bow) was dramatically less muscular than the weakest character in ''He-Man.'' Apparently an all-female planet had no need for steroids.
* On ''[[Dragon Booster]]'', the main cast is made up of three males (Artha, Parm, and Lance), and one female (Kitt). Though initially a rival to Artha (and with potential to grow as a character), Kitt eventually devolved into a cheerleader for Artha who was consistently beaten in any kind of race (despite the fact that she had more experience at racing than Artha, who ''didn't want to race at all'' at the start of the series) and only ever did anything plot-wise by getting mind-controlled or kidnapped. There were other female characters, including a few crew leaders, but, like Kitt, they took a back seat to the males.
** The "Kitt can never win" issue might have some strange connection to the advertising trope where you can't show a girl winning a board game, for fear that it'll be less appealing to boys.
Line 673 ⟶ 669:
 
== Real Life ==
* Reversed in Federal Civil Service in the USA, with some agencies like the Forest Service being 70% or more female due to Affirmative Action. Ironically due to executive meddling of another kind in 1993, qualifications were waived for the typical middle and high level manager in most agencies, resulting in more than half of Federal Civil Service not meeting the educational requirements and/or time in grade required in 2011. The typical situation under the [[Bill Clinton|Clinton]] Administration was to give National Forests, BLM Districts, Field Offices and similar high level positions to secretaries and aides, raising them as many as 11 paygrades overnight. It's not uncommon for entire offices to be women and to have them composed of "scientists", "engineers" and so on that do not have a degree in the field they represent.
** Defied in Federal Civil Service in Canada, by the simple expedient of not listing the applicants' sex or gender on the application forms that the hiring boards get to see. The best-qualified people are the ones considered for every position, be they male, female, or other. After a decade (specifically, the first decade of the 2000s), the gender gap has shrunk to the point where The Smurfette Principle no longer applies, but equality has yet to appear as of the early-2020s.
* [[Venus]], the only planet named after a goddess. Asteroids started off better off, with all of the first ten asteroids discovered named after goddesses.
 
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Laws and Formulas{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Always Female]]
[[Category:Laws and Formulas]]
[[Category:Characters and Casting]]
[[Category:Gender and Sexuality Tropes]]
[[Category:Double Standard]]
[[Category:Gender and Sexuality Tropes]]
[[Category:TheLaws Smurfetteand PrincipleFormulas]]
[[Category:Token Index]]
[[Category:The Smurfette Principle]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Smurfette Principle, The}}