To Absent Friends: Difference between revisions

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Two or more characters gather to grieve for a dead comrade, without a formalized structure. They reminiscence about the fallen, how much he will be missed -- or has been missed.
Two or more characters gather to grieve for a dead comrade, without a formalized structure. They reminiscence about the fallen, how much he will be missed -- or has been missed.


An actual wake is possible, as the bereaved can talk and drink without a ceremony to go through. Or they may meet somewhere, and talk. (They may not even intend to grieve, but they end up doing so.) A bar is likely, because the wake often involves alcohol -- so often that it generally does not appear only if it is impossible. Expect the dead to be toasted. ([[Drowning My Sorrows]] may convert into this if the drinker bumps into another friend.) Sometimes the drink is poured on the ground as a [[Libation for The Dead]].
An actual wake is possible, as the bereaved can talk and drink without a ceremony to go through. Or they may meet somewhere, and talk. (They may not even intend to grieve, but they end up doing so.) A bar is likely, because the wake often involves alcohol -- so often that it generally does not appear only if it is impossible. Expect the dead to be toasted. ([[Drowning My Sorrows]] may convert into this if the drinker bumps into another friend.) Sometimes the drink is poured on the ground as a [[Libation for the Dead]].


Soldiers on a mission may start to talk, and lead to this, if they are waiting for something and have lost a comrade. (The situation in which alcohol is least likely to feature. But the [[Military Moonshiner]] may have some.)
Soldiers on a mission may start to talk, and lead to this, if they are waiting for something and have lost a comrade. (The situation in which alcohol is least likely to feature. But the [[Military Moonshiner]] may have some.)
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May also feature long after the death (or deaths) as characters remember all their dead and [[Famed in Story|tell stories of them]]. The toast is often "To absent friends". This can overlap with [[Tell Me About My Father]].
May also feature long after the death (or deaths) as characters remember all their dead and [[Famed in Story|tell stories of them]]. The toast is often "To absent friends". This can overlap with [[Tell Me About My Father]].


Suitable for a [[Bittersweet Ending]] or a [[Downer Ending]], but can happen anywhere in a story -- even as a [[Framing Device]] at the very beginning of a work that [[Starts With Their Funeral]]. Remembering the sacrifice may inspire characters to fight on, lest it have been a [[Senseless Sacrifice]].
Suitable for a [[Bittersweet Ending]] or a [[Downer Ending]], but can happen anywhere in a story -- even as a [[Framing Device]] at the very beginning of a work that [[Starts with Their Funeral]]. Remembering the sacrifice may inspire characters to fight on, lest it have been a [[Senseless Sacrifice]].


Contrast [[Forgotten Fallen Friend]], [[Dead Guy, Junior]].
Contrast [[Forgotten Fallen Friend]], [[Dead Guy, Junior]].
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{{examples}}
{{examples}}
== Anime&Manga ==
== Anime&Manga ==
* In ''[[Death Note (Manga)|Death Note]]'' when {{spoiler|the real L, the [[Hero Antagonist]]}} dies, Light laughs on his grave, subverting this trope.
* In ''[[Death Note]]'' when {{spoiler|the real L, the [[Hero Antagonist]]}} dies, Light laughs on his grave, subverting this trope.
* Raizen's old comrades-in-arms gather at his grave with lots of sake and flowers in ''[[Yu Yu Hakusho]].''
* Raizen's old comrades-in-arms gather at his grave with lots of sake and flowers in ''[[Yu Yu Hakusho]].''
** And let's not forget Yusuke-the-ghost attending his own wake in the [[Death By Origin Story|very first episode.]]
** And let's not forget Yusuke-the-ghost attending his own wake in the [[Death By Origin Story|very first episode.]]
* In ''[[Monster (Anime)|Monster]]'', {{spoiler|Grimmer's}} grave gets a visit.
* In ''[[Monster (manga)|Monster]]'', {{spoiler|Grimmer's}} grave gets a visit.
* {{spoiler|Maes Hughes'}} grave in ''[[Fullmetal Alchemist (Manga)|Fullmetal Alchemist]]''.
* {{spoiler|Maes Hughes'}} grave in ''[[Fullmetal Alchemist (manga)|Fullmetal Alchemist]]''.
** There is a scene in [[Fullmetal Alchemist (Anime)|the 2003 anime adaptation]] where his widow comes to visit the grave, only to discover that someone else has already left flowers. Yes, {{spoiler|Roy Mustang}}, we're looking at you.
** There is a scene in [[Fullmetal Alchemist (anime)|the 2003 anime adaptation]] where his widow comes to visit the grave, only to discover that someone else has already left flowers. Yes, {{spoiler|Roy Mustang}}, we're looking at you.
* When {{spoiler|Wolfwood}} dies in the [[Trigun]] manga, he and Vash share a final drink while he goes in what effectively ''is'' his wake. Then, when Livio wakes up from healing the fight damage, Vash has made a vast quantity of spaghetti, and their spaghetti-eating is several symbolic things, including affirmation of life, signal of Vash's willingness to accept Livio, and meal in honor of {{spoiler|Wolfwood}}. It is the saddest spaghetti ever.
* When {{spoiler|Wolfwood}} dies in the [[Trigun]] manga, he and Vash share a final drink while he goes in what effectively ''is'' his wake. Then, when Livio wakes up from healing the fight damage, Vash has made a vast quantity of spaghetti, and their spaghetti-eating is several symbolic things, including affirmation of life, signal of Vash's willingness to accept Livio, and meal in honor of {{spoiler|Wolfwood}}. It is the saddest spaghetti ever.
** Vash also pours a bottle of whiskey off an observation platform in the anime version of Inepril. Not even clear just who he's honoring, but it's probably the dead. He has a lot of them.
** Vash also pours a bottle of whiskey off an observation platform in the anime version of Inepril. Not even clear just who he's honoring, but it's probably the dead. He has a lot of them.
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{{quote| '''Hob Gadling:''' To absent friends, lost loves, old gods, and the season of mists; and may each and every one of us always give the devil his due.}}
{{quote| '''Hob Gadling:''' To absent friends, lost loves, old gods, and the season of mists; and may each and every one of us always give the devil his due.}}
* In ''[[The Mighty Thor]]'', after Skurge the Executioner [[More Hero Than Thou|settles whether he or Thor]] will say [[You Shall Not Pass]] (by knocking out Thor), Skurge asks them to remember him at Asgard. Later, when Thor and Skurge meet in Hel, Skurge asks, and Thor is grieved to have to tell him that crises have kept them too busy to do so.
* In ''[[The Mighty Thor]]'', after Skurge the Executioner [[More Hero Than Thou|settles whether he or Thor]] will say [[You Shall Not Pass]] (by knocking out Thor), Skurge asks them to remember him at Asgard. Later, when Thor and Skurge meet in Hel, Skurge asks, and Thor is grieved to have to tell him that crises have kept them too busy to do so.
* This trope is the title to Chapter II in ''[[Watchmen (Comic Book)|Watchmen]]'', showing the funeral of the Comedian and how his attending colleagues remember him.
* This trope is the title to Chapter II in ''[[Watchmen (comics)|Watchmen]]'', showing the funeral of the Comedian and how his attending colleagues remember him.
* [[The Flash|The Rogues]] do this after one of their own is killed. They then have a [[Roaring Rampage of Revenge|"Rogue's Wake"]]
* [[The Flash|The Rogues]] do this after one of their own is killed. They then have a [[Roaring Rampage of Revenge|"Rogue's Wake"]]
* At the end of ''Nexus: Alien Justice'', Horatio, Sundra, and Judah toast: "To absent friends and those still here. To justice, and home-brewed beer!" Something of a subversion, in that at least two of the friends they're toasting, Dave and GQ, are alive and well, just absent, and then GQ pops right back in just at that moment anyway.
* At the end of ''Nexus: Alien Justice'', Horatio, Sundra, and Judah toast: "To absent friends and those still here. To justice, and home-brewed beer!" Something of a subversion, in that at least two of the friends they're toasting, Dave and GQ, are alive and well, just absent, and then GQ pops right back in just at that moment anyway.
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== Film ==
== Film ==


* Played straight in ''[[Star Trek III the Search For Spock]]''.
* Played straight in ''[[Star Trek III: The Search For Spock]]''.
** Not totally for Spock, as Bones was unable to attend the get-together due to his apparent breakdown a couple scenes before.
** Not totally for Spock, as Bones was unable to attend the get-together due to his apparent breakdown a couple scenes before.
** Also played straight in ''[[Star Trek Nemesis]]''.
** Also played straight in ''[[Star Trek Nemesis]]''.
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* Nearly universal in any sort of military fiction
* Nearly universal in any sort of military fiction
* In [[Dan Abnett]]'s [[Gaunts Ghosts]] novel ''Only In Death'' after Gaunt's {{spoiler|apparent}} death, Larkin barges into Rawne's office although Rawne is the commander. They reminesce about their Founding and how few of them are left, whom Gaunt took off Tanith. Larkin proposes toast to "Old Ghosts"; Rawne, to "Staying alive"; and then, in unison, they toast "Ibram Gaunt."
* In [[Dan Abnett]]'s [[Gaunt's Ghosts]] novel ''Only In Death'' after Gaunt's {{spoiler|apparent}} death, Larkin barges into Rawne's office although Rawne is the commander. They reminesce about their Founding and how few of them are left, whom Gaunt took off Tanith. Larkin proposes toast to "Old Ghosts"; Rawne, to "Staying alive"; and then, in unison, they toast "Ibram Gaunt."
* The [[The Riftwar Cycle|novelisation]] of ''[[Betrayal At Krondor]]'' ends with this {{spoiler|in honour of Gorath, complete with a toast.}}
* The [[The Riftwar Cycle|novelisation]] of ''[[Betrayal at Krondor]]'' ends with this {{spoiler|in honour of Gorath, complete with a toast.}}
* Happens in the book ''First To Fight'' by David Sherman and Dan Cragg, it pops up throughout the rest of the series as well. To be expected, in a military series.
* Happens in the book ''First To Fight'' by David Sherman and Dan Cragg, it pops up throughout the rest of the series as well. To be expected, in a military series.
* Occurs in [[Terry Pratchett]]'s [[Discworld]] novel ''[[Discworld (Literature)/Night Watch|Night Watch]]'', where the members of the Revolution gather every year on the twenty-fifth of May to remember their comrades who were killed.
* Occurs in [[Terry Pratchett]]'s [[Discworld]] novel ''[[Discworld/Night Watch|Night Watch]]'', where the members of the Revolution gather every year on the twenty-fifth of May to remember their comrades who were killed.
* In William King's [[Warhammer 40000]] [[Space Wolf]] novel ''Ragnar's Claw'', after Ragnar is gravely injured and {{spoiler|Lars}} killed, Ragnar is too ill to attend the funeral. When he is well enough to stand, the other young Space Marine gather, and their first words are "To {{spoiler|Lars}}."
* In William King's [[Warhammer 40000]] [[Space Wolf]] novel ''Ragnar's Claw'', after Ragnar is gravely injured and {{spoiler|Lars}} killed, Ragnar is too ill to attend the funeral. When he is well enough to stand, the other young Space Marine gather, and their first words are "To {{spoiler|Lars}}."
** In Lee Lightner's ''Wolf's Honour'', Ragnar and {{spoiler|Torin}} talk of {{spoiler|Haegr}} at their last meeting.
** In Lee Lightner's ''Wolf's Honour'', Ragnar and {{spoiler|Torin}} talk of {{spoiler|Haegr}} at their last meeting.
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'''Face''': "Dia, this is Wraith Squadron. You're ''never'' going to have that." }}
'''Face''': "Dia, this is Wraith Squadron. You're ''never'' going to have that." }}
* [[John Ringo]] and [[David Weber]] have this as pretty much the toast whenever characters drink. Often the reason why people drink in the first place. Their joint series, [[Prince Roger]] has this in spades.
* [[John Ringo]] and [[David Weber]] have this as pretty much the toast whenever characters drink. Often the reason why people drink in the first place. Their joint series, [[Prince Roger]] has this in spades.
** Weber manages a particularly vicious subversion of this in [[Honor Harrington (Literature)|''Echoes of Honor'']], when Honor's Mother's pregnancy has been announced and that therefore Honor's sibling will secede her as Steadholder Harrington. Admiral Yanakov asks to make a toast. One expects this trope to be invoked, and is instead given: {{spoiler|''"Your Grace, My Lords and Ladies, Ladies and Gentlemen all, I give you Steadholder Harrington....''and damnation to the Peeps!''"''}}
** Weber manages a particularly vicious subversion of this in [[Honor Harrington|''Echoes of Honor'']], when Honor's Mother's pregnancy has been announced and that therefore Honor's sibling will secede her as Steadholder Harrington. Admiral Yanakov asks to make a toast. One expects this trope to be invoked, and is instead given: {{spoiler|''"Your Grace, My Lords and Ladies, Ladies and Gentlemen all, I give you Steadholder Harrington....''and damnation to the Peeps!''"''}}
* In [[Jim Butcher]]'s [[Dresden Files]] novel ''Turn Coat'', {{spoiler|Morgan}} is officially denied a [[Meaningful Funeral]] as part of the coverup. They resort to an impromptu wake instead.
* In [[Jim Butcher]]'s [[Dresden Files]] novel ''Turn Coat'', {{spoiler|Morgan}} is officially denied a [[Meaningful Funeral]] as part of the coverup. They resort to an impromptu wake instead.
* [[Gentleman Bastard|Locke Lamora]] practices the Camorri tradition of "pouring a glass to air," setting out a drink for a friend who's gone -- whether that means dead, or simply long absent.
* [[Gentleman Bastard|Locke Lamora]] practices the Camorri tradition of "pouring a glass to air," setting out a drink for a friend who's gone -- whether that means dead, or simply long absent.
* In [[Robert E Howard]]'s "[[Beyond the Black River (Literature)|Beyond the Black River]]", [[Conan the Barbarian]] and the sole survivor of the fort discuss the deaths at the end, particularly Valannus and Balthus.
* In [[Robert E. Howard]]'s "[[Beyond the Black River]]", [[Conan the Barbarian]] and the sole survivor of the fort discuss the deaths at the end, particularly Valannus and Balthus.
* The first book of the Invasion cycle in the [[Magic the Gathering]] books ends with this. The united forces of Dominaria have dealt a mighty defeat to the invading Phyrexians, and there's a massive celebration. But three men sit apart: Urza, {{spoiler|who lost longtime friend Barrin}}, Gerrard, {{spoiler|who lost his love Hanna}}, and Agnate, {{spoiler|who dealt a mercy kill to his 'brother' and comrade Thaddeus}}.
* The first book of the Invasion cycle in the [[Magic: The Gathering]] books ends with this. The united forces of Dominaria have dealt a mighty defeat to the invading Phyrexians, and there's a massive celebration. But three men sit apart: Urza, {{spoiler|who lost longtime friend Barrin}}, Gerrard, {{spoiler|who lost his love Hanna}}, and Agnate, {{spoiler|who dealt a mercy kill to his 'brother' and comrade Thaddeus}}.
* In a few of his [[Callahans Crosstime Saloon|Callahans']]'' books, Jake and the gang deliver what they call the "All-Purpose Toast"; "Here's to all those who weren't as lucky."
* In a few of his [[Callahan's Crosstime Saloon|Callahans']]'' books, Jake and the gang deliver what they call the "All-Purpose Toast"; "Here's to all those who weren't as lucky."




== Live Action TV ==
== Live Action TV ==


* In one episode of ''[[M*A*S*H (TV)|Mash]]'', Colonel Potter acts oddly. At the end, he reveals that he and some comrades had found some cognac in an abandoned French chateau during [[World War I]], saved the last bottle, and declared that the last survivor would drink a toast to the rest. Potter is now the last survivor, and draws in the MASH staff to hear his story and share the bottle.
* In one episode of ''[[M*A*S*H|Mash]]'', Colonel Potter acts oddly. At the end, he reveals that he and some comrades had found some cognac in an abandoned French chateau during [[World War I]], saved the last bottle, and declared that the last survivor would drink a toast to the rest. Potter is now the last survivor, and draws in the MASH staff to hear his story and share the bottle.
* ''[[Battlestar Galactica Reimagined]]'' has this trope, like many others, to an art form. It's played quite frequently in the Viper rec room, especially. Apollo's retirement toast is an awesome example of the trope. (involving five shots of a potent drink--quite possibly [[Military Moonshiner|eau de flight deck]]):
* ''[[Battlestar Galactica Reimagined]]'' has this trope, like many others, to an art form. It's played quite frequently in the Viper rec room, especially. Apollo's retirement toast is an awesome example of the trope. (involving five shots of a potent drink--quite possibly [[Military Moonshiner|eau de flight deck]]):
{{quote| "To Galactica!" (Apollo takes a first shot amidst cheers)<br />
{{quote| "To Galactica!" (Apollo takes a first shot amidst cheers)<br />
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Crew: So say we all.<br />
Crew: So say we all.<br />
Starbuck: So say we all. }}
Starbuck: So say we all. }}
* [[News Radio]] had one of these episodes for Phil Hartman's character [[The Character Died With Him|after Phil's real-life death]]. Despite the attempts of the writers to inject some humor into the scene it fell painfully flat as the cast was barely holding it together.
* [[News Radio]] had one of these episodes for Phil Hartman's character [[The Character Died with Him|after Phil's real-life death]]. Despite the attempts of the writers to inject some humor into the scene it fell painfully flat as the cast was barely holding it together.
* [[Sesame Street]]. Mister Hooper. That is all.
* [[Sesame Street]]. Mister Hooper. That is all.
* ''[[Rescue Me]]'' does this fairly frequently (particularly the transition from [[Drowning My Sorrows]]), especially with respect to the firemen lost on 9/11 (a recurring theme, if not the central one of the show).
* ''[[Rescue Me]]'' does this fairly frequently (particularly the transition from [[Drowning My Sorrows]]), especially with respect to the firemen lost on 9/11 (a recurring theme, if not the central one of the show).
* At the end of ''[[Torchwood (TV)|Torchwood]]'' episode "Captain Jack Harkness", Jack and Tosh have a toast "To Captain Jack" in honor of the war hero whose identity Jack appropriated.
* At the end of ''[[Torchwood]]'' episode "Captain Jack Harkness", Jack and Tosh have a toast "To Captain Jack" in honor of the war hero whose identity Jack appropriated.
* In the final episode of ''[[Babylon Five|Babylon 5]]'' Sheridan invites his surviving friends to have [[Does This Remind You of Anything?|dinner with him one last time]]. He then invokes the trope by name, and they name absent friends to toast to. Garibaldi names G'Kar, Vir names Londo, Delenn names Lennier, and Dr. Franklin and Ivanova name Marcus.
* In the final episode of ''[[Babylon 5]]'' Sheridan invites his surviving friends to have [[Does This Remind You of Anything?|dinner with him one last time]]. He then invokes the trope by name, and they name absent friends to toast to. Garibaldi names G'Kar, Vir names Londo, Delenn names Lennier, and Dr. Franklin and Ivanova name Marcus.
* ''[[The West Wing]]'' episode "Requiem" combines this with the [[Meaningful Funeral]] to provide a heartfelt (and [[Tear Jerker]]) send-off to Leo McGarry and, by extension, his actor John Spencer. Combined very effectively with the [[Meaningful Funeral]] at the beginning of the episode; the funeral is presented so as to mourn Leo's death (and Spencer's), whereas the wake is about celebrating his life and how much his friends loved him.
* ''[[The West Wing]]'' episode "Requiem" combines this with the [[Meaningful Funeral]] to provide a heartfelt (and [[Tear Jerker]]) send-off to Leo McGarry and, by extension, his actor John Spencer. Combined very effectively with the [[Meaningful Funeral]] at the beginning of the episode; the funeral is presented so as to mourn Leo's death (and Spencer's), whereas the wake is about celebrating his life and how much his friends loved him.
* [[The Next Generation]] has an episode in which they find Scotty persevered in a transporter beam for over seventy years. As the events of the episode wear down on Scotty, he takes a private moment alone in a holodeck simulation of the original Enterprise where he toasts to his now gone comrades.
* [[The Next Generation]] has an episode in which they find Scotty persevered in a transporter beam for over seventy years. As the events of the episode wear down on Scotty, he takes a private moment alone in a holodeck simulation of the original Enterprise where he toasts to his now gone comrades.
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{{quote| ''The war changed us... pulled us apart... I want my friends in my life, because someday we're going to wake up and we're going to find that someone is missing from this circle. On that day, we're going to mourn, and we shouldn't have to mourn alone.''}}
{{quote| ''The war changed us... pulled us apart... I want my friends in my life, because someday we're going to wake up and we're going to find that someone is missing from this circle. On that day, we're going to mourn, and we shouldn't have to mourn alone.''}}
** Done more lightheartedly when Julian and O'Brien come off the holodeck dressed as Spitfire pilots, and raise a pint of bitter "To Clive!"
** Done more lightheartedly when Julian and O'Brien come off the holodeck dressed as Spitfire pilots, and raise a pint of bitter "To Clive!"
* The closing in scene of "The Breaking Point" in ''[[Band of Brothers (TV)|Band of Brothers]]'' has Sgt. Lipton narrating while he and the rest of Easy Company are resting in a church. He begins listing off the casualties they suffered over the course of the Battle of the Bulge and the corresponding soldiers start fading away until the church looks ''far'' emptier than it did before. [[Tear Jerker|It's a particularly heart-rending scene.]]
* The closing in scene of "The Breaking Point" in ''[[Band of Brothers (TV series)|Band of Brothers]]'' has Sgt. Lipton narrating while he and the rest of Easy Company are resting in a church. He begins listing off the casualties they suffered over the course of the Battle of the Bulge and the corresponding soldiers start fading away until the church looks ''far'' emptier than it did before. [[Tear Jerker|It's a particularly heart-rending scene.]]
* ''[[The Pacific]]'' does this as well in episode 3, with Basilone and Morgan ordering about a dozen different drinks and toasting their dead friend {{spoiler|Rodriguez}}, and even getting into a fight with another patron who makes a tactless comment.
* ''[[The Pacific]]'' does this as well in episode 3, with Basilone and Morgan ordering about a dozen different drinks and toasting their dead friend {{spoiler|Rodriguez}}, and even getting into a fight with another patron who makes a tactless comment.
* ''[[CSI New York]]'' has done this twice, first for Aidan Burn near the end of the second season, and then for Jessica Angell at the end of the fifth season.
* ''[[CSI New York]]'' has done this twice, first for Aidan Burn near the end of the second season, and then for Jessica Angell at the end of the fifth season.
* In the finale for ''[[Space Above and Beyond]]'', Wang gives one of these, listing every Wildcard to die during the show's run, ''as part of the [[Battle Cry]] that he gives during his [[Last Stand]] to [[Heroic Sacrifice|cover the escape of the ship carrying the rescued colonists]].
* In the finale for ''[[Space: Above and Beyond]]'', Wang gives one of these, listing every Wildcard to die during the show's run, ''as part of the [[Battle Cry]] that he gives during his [[Last Stand]] to [[Heroic Sacrifice|cover the escape of the ship carrying the rescued colonists]].
* The Freddie Frinton sketch ''[[Dinner for One (Theatre)|Dinner for One]]'', which is shown every New Year's Eve on German, Austrian and Swiss TV.
* The Freddie Frinton sketch ''[[Dinner for One]]'', which is shown every New Year's Eve on German, Austrian and Swiss TV.


== Music ==
== Music ==
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== Theater ==
== Theater ==


* The meal scene in [[Journeys End]] after {{spoiler|Osbourne dies}}. Possibly a subversion in that they're trying to forget about it rather than remember him.
* The meal scene in [[Journey's End]] after {{spoiler|Osbourne dies}}. Possibly a subversion in that they're trying to forget about it rather than remember him.
* The songs "Drink With Me" and "Empty Chairs at Empty Tables" in ''[[Les Misérables (Theatre)|Les Misérables]]'' fall into this trope. In the first, the students at the barricade are toasting each other's impending fate the night before the penultimate battle; in the second, Marius is reminiscing about those who fell at the barricade.
* The songs "Drink With Me" and "Empty Chairs at Empty Tables" in ''[[Les Misérables (theatre)|Les Misérables]]'' fall into this trope. In the first, the students at the barricade are toasting each other's impending fate the night before the penultimate battle; in the second, Marius is reminiscing about those who fell at the barricade.
* In Shakespeare's [[Macbeth]], this trope is subverted as in [[The Rocky Horror Picture Show]]. Macbeth proposes a toast to everyone's "general joy" and "to our dear friend Banquo, whom we miss; Would he were here!" Unbeknownst to the guests, Banquo has been murdered and his ghost has returned to haunt Macbeth.
* In Shakespeare's [[Macbeth]], this trope is subverted as in [[The Rocky Horror Picture Show]]. Macbeth proposes a toast to everyone's "general joy" and "to our dear friend Banquo, whom we miss; Would he were here!" Unbeknownst to the guests, Banquo has been murdered and his ghost has returned to haunt Macbeth.