Artistic License Law: Difference between revisions

Content added Content deleted
(update links)
mNo edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
{{trope}}
{{trope}}
{{quote|'''Strong Bad''': This is a sub-poe-eena! I summons Exhibit 4-B to my chambers!
{{quote|'''Strong Bad''': This is a sub-poe-eena! I summons Exhibit 4-B to my chambers!
'''Homestar Runner''': Sustained! (hits self in face with gavel)|''[[Homestar Runner]]''}}
'''Homestar Runner''': Sustained! (hits self in face with gavel)
|''[[Homestar Runner]]''}}


This is a listing of liberties taken with how law is presented.
This is a listing of liberties taken with how law is presented.
Line 46: Line 47:
** In other common law jurisdictions which aren't America, the general rule is that if you lose the case, you pay the other side's expenses. There are exceptions for certain "charity cases" and messy cases where both sides win on certain points.
** In other common law jurisdictions which aren't America, the general rule is that if you lose the case, you pay the other side's expenses. There are exceptions for certain "charity cases" and messy cases where both sides win on certain points.
* [[Hero Insurance]]: There ''is'' the Good Samaritan Rule in the US which immunizes people who try to help others from suits for accidentally injuring them (for instance by performing CPR) but it doesn't extend nearly so far as portrayed in TV or movies.
* [[Hero Insurance]]: There ''is'' the Good Samaritan Rule in the US which immunizes people who try to help others from suits for accidentally injuring them (for instance by performing CPR) but it doesn't extend nearly so far as portrayed in TV or movies.
* [[High Altitude Interrogation]]: The one interrogation method that is ''worse'' than [[Jack Bauer Interrogation Technique]]. Rather than torture someone, this takes awful interrogation [[Incredibly Lame Pun|to new heights]] by threatening to ''kill'' the potential informer. Unlike in fiction, threatening to kill the [[Mooks|mook]] who has inside knowledge of the [[Big Bad|Big Bad's]] activities means that you're willing to follow through with that should he be non-compliant, but unless you have other people in custody that would likely know the same information who you can interrogate, too, you would unsurprisingly be ending any chance of attaining that knowledge as well as any chance of uncovering new leads to follow if he's killed. Dead men can't tell tales, after all. Even if it's meant as an empty threat, the informer might think that his interrogator would kill him, anyway, which would also make him much less willing to cooperate.
* [[High Altitude Interrogation]]: The one interrogation method that is ''worse'' than [[Jack Bauer Interrogation Technique]]. Rather than torture someone, this takes awful interrogation [[Incredibly Lame Pun|to new heights]] by threatening to ''kill'' the potential informer. Unlike in fiction, threatening to kill the [[Mooks|mook]] who has inside knowledge of the [[Big Bad]]'s activities means that you're willing to follow through with that should he be non-compliant, but unless you have other people in custody that would likely know the same information who you can interrogate, too, you would unsurprisingly be ending any chance of attaining that knowledge as well as any chance of uncovering new leads to follow if he's killed. Dead men can't tell tales, after all. Even if it's meant as an empty threat, the informer might think that his interrogator would kill him, anyway, which would also make him much less willing to cooperate.
** Perp will tell the Copper whatever the Copper wants to hear. Some states apply the Common Law and confession from this is NOT evidence. Some states though apply the Civil Law and the confession IS evidence.
** Perp will tell the Copper whatever the Copper wants to hear. Some states apply the Common Law and confession from this is NOT evidence. Some states though apply the Civil Law and the confession IS evidence.
*** The awesome German word for it is "Beweisverwertungsverbot" (disallowment of evidence in court)
*** The awesome German word for it is "Beweisverwertungsverbot" (disallowment of evidence in court)
* [[Sued for Superheroics]]: Sometimes an aversion, as ''they'' would be sued in [[Real Life]]
* [[Hollywood Law]]
* [[Hollywood Law]]
* [[Inhumanable Alien Rights]]: Most courts wouldn't be that nice to someone trying to capture and exploit a sentient being, even if there's no ''specific'' law against it. On the other hand, the issue hasn't come up yet. ''That we know of.''
* [[Inhumanable Alien Rights]]: Most courts wouldn't be that nice to someone trying to capture and exploit a sentient being, even if there's no ''specific'' law against it. On the other hand, the issue hasn't come up yet. ''That we know of.''
Line 63: Line 63:
*** And the criminally insane are kept separate from people there of their own volition.
*** And the criminally insane are kept separate from people there of their own volition.
*** And you cannot just legally say "I'm insane" - Typically, most insane people don't ''know'' they're legally insane; so if you say "I did this because I was insane", you'll probably not be believed or put in therapy, instead.
*** And you cannot just legally say "I'm insane" - Typically, most insane people don't ''know'' they're legally insane; so if you say "I did this because I was insane", you'll probably not be believed or put in therapy, instead.
** When this trope is invoked by non-insane defendants on police procedurals it's often to avoid a potentially worse sentence (like the death penalty). This is generally [[Truth in Television]] - the majority of insanity defense are used in murder cases.
** When this trope is invoked by non-insane defendants on [[police procedural]]s it's often to avoid a potentially worse sentence (like the death penalty). This is generally [[Truth in Television]] - the majority of insanity defense are used in murder cases.
** If you're British then doubtless you will have heard of the prison Broadmoor, specifically for these criminals. Some of its notorious inmates include the 'Yorkshire Ripper' Peter Sutcliffe, and the surviving member of the Moors Murderers Ian Brady. Its warning siren is extremely loud, tested at 10am every Monday morning, and children from Berkshire are told to stay inside if they hear it at any other time.
** If you're British then doubtless you will have heard of the prison Broadmoor, specifically for these criminals. Some of its notorious inmates include the 'Yorkshire Ripper' Peter Sutcliffe, and the surviving member of the Moors Murderers Ian Brady. Its warning siren is extremely loud, tested at 10am every Monday morning, and children from Berkshire are told to stay inside if they hear it at any other time.
*** The old jury verdict was "Not Guilty by reason of Insanity", Then, a nutter tried to assassinate Queen Victoria, so the verdict was changed to "Guilty but Insane" and changed back in the 1960s. At Sutcliffe's trial, the defence attorney stood up on his hind legs, fixed the Jury with his [[Beady Eye]] and offered the [[Chewbacca Defense]], "My client's crimes are so horrific that he must be mad, therefore you have to let him off." They declined.
*** The old jury verdict was "Not Guilty by reason of Insanity", Then, a nutter tried to assassinate Queen Victoria, so the verdict was changed to "Guilty but Insane" and changed back in the 1960s. At Sutcliffe's trial, the defence attorney stood up on his hind legs, fixed the Jury with his [[Beady Eye]] and offered the [[Chewbacca Defense]], "My client's crimes are so horrific that he must be mad, therefore you have to let him off." They declined.
Line 80: Line 80:
* [[Not Proven]]: [[Truth in Television]]. It's not enough for the police and prosecutors to be certain, they have to have a sufficiently strong legal case, built on admissible evidence. Quite a few real-life cases fall under this umbrella.
* [[Not Proven]]: [[Truth in Television]]. It's not enough for the police and prosecutors to be certain, they have to have a sufficiently strong legal case, built on admissible evidence. Quite a few real-life cases fall under this umbrella.
** Scotland even has Not Proven as a possible outcome in jury trials with the options Guilty, Not Proven and Not Guilty.
** Scotland even has Not Proven as a possible outcome in jury trials with the options Guilty, Not Proven and Not Guilty.
*** The "Scots Verdict," "Not Proven, has been translated as "Not Guilty and Don't Do It Again." (It has the same legal effect as an acquittal but perhaps allows the jury to feel better about it.) People have been know to appeal the "not proven" verdict because the stigma attached.
*** The "Scots Verdict," "Not Proven," has been translated as "Not Guilty and Don't Do It Again." (It has the same legal effect as an acquittal but perhaps allows the jury to feel better about it.) People have been know to appeal the "not proven" verdict because the stigma attached.
*** Common Law assumes Innocent unless proven Guilty: you must be proven guilty beyond all reasonable doubt. Civil Law assumes the balance of probabilities; if you probably done it, then, you are liable. [[Mary Queen of Scots]] tried to impose the Civil Law on Scotland and the compromise was the Scots Verdict: "Ye probably done it, but there is nae enough evidence tae hang ye."
*** Common Law assumes Innocent unless proven Guilty: you must be proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Civil Law assumes the balance of probabilities; if you probably done it, then, you are liable. [[Mary Queen of Scots]] tried to impose the Civil Law on Scotland and the compromise was the Scots Verdict: "Ye probably done it, but there is nae enough evidence tae hang ye."
** In Germany, you can be found "Not Guilty" and "Not Guilty because of reasonable doubt", meaning it's kind of like second-class acquittal while not in law then at least socially. Sadly, because one won't have an "legal disadvantage" because of it, you are not allowed to appeal.
** In Germany, you can be found "Not Guilty" and "Not Guilty because of reasonable doubt", meaning it's kind of like second-class acquittal while not in law then at least socially. Sadly, because one won't have an "legal disadvantage" because of it, you are not allowed to appeal.
* [[Off on a Technicality]]: [[Truth in Television]] again, less often than a lot of people realize, and mostly at the appeal level than in the original trial. At that, most fictional examples of this trope show it happening much more frequently and for reasons that would never stand in a real trial, oftening involving dismissing evidence through a grand misappropriation of Miranda Rights.
* [[Off on a Technicality]]: [[Truth in Television]] again, less often than a lot of people realize, and mostly at the appeal level than in the original trial. At that, most fictional examples of this trope show it happening much more frequently and for reasons that would never stand in a real trial, often involving dismissing evidence through a grand misappropriation of Miranda Rights.
{{quote|'''[http://www.worldfamouscomics.com/law/back20010724.shtml Bob Ingersoll]''': In my law firm I am considered one of the more successful lawyers when it comes to getting evidence deemed inadmissable, which I have done one time in my twenty-five years at the firm.}}
{{quote|'''[http://www.worldfamouscomics.com/law/back20010724.shtml Bob Ingersoll]''': In my law firm I am considered one of the more successful lawyers when it comes to getting evidence deemed inadmissable, which I have done one time in my twenty-five years at the firm.}}
** Of course, without this we wouldn't be able to have [[The Punisher]] or [[Dexter]] and their ilk hunt down guilty people that the system can't touch.
** Of course, without this we wouldn't be able to have [[The Punisher]] or [[Dexter]] and their ilk hunt down guilty people that the system can't touch.
Line 119: Line 119:
** Many jurisdictions actually do "read them their rights" as soon as possible. That way, if the guy says something incriminating in the police car, it's admissible evidence. However, if the police are just hauling you off for drunk and disorderly, or similar crimes, they don't bother.
** Many jurisdictions actually do "read them their rights" as soon as possible. That way, if the guy says something incriminating in the police car, it's admissible evidence. However, if the police are just hauling you off for drunk and disorderly, or similar crimes, they don't bother.
** Sometimes, in media, a careless cop "blows the arrest" by not reading the suspect his/her rights at the time of arrest and the suspect has to be released. In real life, the "Miranda Warning" is not necessarily to a lawful arrest, only to making the suspect's post-arrest statements admissible in court. In many if not most cases, a suspect can be convicted on other evidence than statements out of his/her own mouth.
** Sometimes, in media, a careless cop "blows the arrest" by not reading the suspect his/her rights at the time of arrest and the suspect has to be released. In real life, the "Miranda Warning" is not necessarily to a lawful arrest, only to making the suspect's post-arrest statements admissible in court. In many if not most cases, a suspect can be convicted on other evidence than statements out of his/her own mouth.
*** This is one of the few law tropes ''[[Law & Order|Law and Order]]'' gets right every time they invoke it.
*** This is one of the few law tropes ''[[Law & Order]]'' gets right every time they invoke it.
** Another bit that occasionally gets ignored is that people arrested by private citizens (including Security Guards and Officers) do not have to be read their Miranda rights, and statements made before being turned over to police custody are fully incriminating.
** Another bit that occasionally gets ignored is that people arrested by private citizens (including Security Guards and Officers) do not have to be read their Miranda rights, and statements made before being turned over to police custody are fully incriminating.
*** Most works seem unaware that a Citizen's Arrest is even a thing, leading to several plot lines in various media where a character is labeled a vigilante for actions that are completely legal.
*** Most works seem unaware that a Citizen's Arrest is even a thing, leading to several plot lines in various media where a character is labeled a vigilante for actions that are completely legal.
Line 126: Line 126:
* [[Stop or I Will Shoot]]: Cops in fiction routinely threaten and use lethal force against suspects that nobody at the moment would reasonably believe posed any danger to life or limb.
* [[Stop or I Will Shoot]]: Cops in fiction routinely threaten and use lethal force against suspects that nobody at the moment would reasonably believe posed any danger to life or limb.
** And most (if not all nowadays) department specifically prohibit threatening to shoot or firing warning shots.
** And most (if not all nowadays) department specifically prohibit threatening to shoot or firing warning shots.
* [[Sued for Superheroics]]: Sometimes an aversion, as ''they'' would be sued in [[Real Life]]
* [[There Is No Higher Court]]: Lots of cases are appealed at least one step up the chain. (See [[Off on a Technicality]].) Very few get to either State or Federal Supreme Court level, though. It has to involve constitutional issues, not just regular errors, for this.
* [[There Is No Higher Court]]: Lots of cases are appealed at least one step up the chain. (See [[Off on a Technicality]].) Very few get to either State or Federal Supreme Court level, though. It has to involve constitutional issues, not just regular errors, for this.
** This is not actually true. The federal Supreme Court does a lot of work on clarifying federal statutes on which lower courts have disagreed that never touch on constitutional issues, though admittedly it's better to allege a constitutional violation if you want to get to the Supreme Court. It's egregiously wrong in state courts, though. Most state high courts will do more work on statutory, procedural, or other issues than they ever do on constitutional issues.
** This is not actually true. The federal Supreme Court does a lot of work on clarifying federal statutes on which lower courts have disagreed that never touch on constitutional issues, though admittedly it's better to allege a constitutional violation if you want to get to the Supreme Court. It's egregiously wrong in state courts, though. Most state high courts will do more work on statutory, procedural, or other issues than they ever do on constitutional issues.
Line 136: Line 137:
*** As well, our highest Court, the High Court, is named after the High Court of Justice of England and Wales (Which ironically consists of about 3 different courts), which is equivalent to the New York State Supreme Court (There's the Court of Appeals on top, and then the House of Lords, now the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. I like the old name.) The English High Court doesn't deal with Criminal cases; the Crown Court does. The Australian High Court can and does deal with Criminal cases routinely. Has your mind exploded yet?
*** As well, our highest Court, the High Court, is named after the High Court of Justice of England and Wales (Which ironically consists of about 3 different courts), which is equivalent to the New York State Supreme Court (There's the Court of Appeals on top, and then the House of Lords, now the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. I like the old name.) The English High Court doesn't deal with Criminal cases; the Crown Court does. The Australian High Court can and does deal with Criminal cases routinely. Has your mind exploded yet?
**** And that doesn't count appeals to the European Court of Human Rights. It was much easier in the 1920s when the highest court was Lords.
**** And that doesn't count appeals to the European Court of Human Rights. It was much easier in the 1920s when the highest court was Lords.
** And don't get me started on Brazil, possibly the biggest aversion to this trope ever. Due to the lack, until very recently, of Erga Omnes<ref>basically, the power to make a decision be binding for all similar cases</ref> in supreme court decisions in Brazil, any judgment or 'precedent' made by the court was valid only for that specific case only! So virtually anyone who had the money and patience could and would keep making appeals all the way up to the supreme court. And why would they want to do that, you might ask? Simple: if you're not on trial for a violent crime or haven't been convicted of a previous one, you don't have to go jail until your final appeal... which can take over a decade. Somtimes, allowing for enough time to pass and the stature of limitations to kick in. [http://www.stf.jus.br/portal/cms/verTexto.asp?servico=estatistica&pagina=movimentoProcessual No wonder the court judges over 100.000 cases per annum]!
** And don't get me started on Brazil, possibly the biggest aversion to this trope ever. Due to the lack, until very recently, of Erga Omnes<ref>basically, the power to make a decision be binding for all similar cases</ref> in supreme court decisions in Brazil, any judgment or 'precedent' made by the court was valid only for that specific case only! So virtually anyone who had the money and patience could and would keep making appeals all the way up to the supreme court. And why would they want to do that, you might ask? Simple: if you're not on trial for a violent crime or haven't been convicted of a previous one, you don't have to go jail until your final appeal... which can take over a decade. Sometimes, allowing for enough time to pass and the stature of limitations to kick in. [http://www.stf.jus.br/portal/cms/verTexto.asp?servico=estatistica&pagina=movimentoProcessual No wonder the court judges over 100.000 cases per annum]!
* [[Wrongful Accusation Insurance]]: In Real Life, there are two things wrong with this scenario:
* [[Wrongful Accusation Insurance]]: In Real Life, there are two things wrong with this scenario:
## If someone has been successfully framed for a serious crime, they most likely aren't free to investigate it. They're in jail.
*# If someone has been successfully framed for a serious crime, they most likely aren't free to investigate it. They're in jail.
## To the legal system, ''why'' you committed a crime is utterly irrelevant. Having a good reason doesn't get you any points unless, say, it gets murder knocked down to involuntary manslaughter.
*# To the legal system, ''why'' you committed a crime is utterly irrelevant. Having a good reason doesn't get you any points unless, say, it gets murder knocked down to involuntary manslaughter.

* The reading of the will. [[Rule of Drama|It may make for good drama]], but it doesn't happen in real life. What really happens is that the executor, spouse, or other next of kin will contact the decedent's lawyer to see about the will. The lawyer will then meet with the executor, and take the will through probate court. In most cases, unless you are the executor, or are a beneficiary who specifically demands that the lawyer show you the will, you will probably never see it. You will simply receive a check, certificate of title, or whatever your inheritance is, be told that it is your inheritance, and asked to sign a receipt.
* The reading of the will. [[Rule of Drama|It may make for good drama]], but it doesn't happen in real life. What really happens is that the executor, spouse, or other next of kin will contact the decedent's lawyer to see about the will. The lawyer will then meet with the executor, and take the will through probate court. In most cases, unless you are the executor, or are a beneficiary who specifically demands that the lawyer show you the will, you will probably never see it. You will simply receive a check, certificate of title, or whatever your inheritance is, be told that it is your inheritance, and asked to sign a receipt.
** The will actually also doesn't mean a great deal. It's the '''Probate''' that's granted by a Court after a person's death which is important (it's not actually the dead person who gives the property out- the courts do that through the Probate.) Sure, the Court will usually take the will's instructions into account when cutting its probate orders, but if the will is contested, the will may be entirely ignored.
** The will actually also doesn't mean a great deal. It's the '''Probate''' that's granted by a Court after a person's death which is important (it's not actually the dead person who gives the property out- the courts do that through the Probate.) Sure, the Court will usually take the will's instructions into account when cutting its probate orders, but if the will is contested, the will may be entirely ignored.