Strength controlls how well you hit stuff and how much damage you do. - Important
Dexterity controlls how well you fire ranged weapons and how well you avoid getting hit in combat. - Important
Constitution controlls how much damage you can take and how well you resist poison. - Important
Intelligence controlls how well you cast magic, and how easily you learn skills. - Important
Wisdom controlls how well you resist bad magic and how keen your senses are. - Important.
Charisma controlls how good you look and how well you can play music. - yeah.