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Political Ideologies: Difference between revisions
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Emphasis on national spirit also led to attempts of purging the culture of foreign elements, such as "degenerate art". In [[Those Wacky Nazis|a certain notable case]], these foreign influences (cultural as well as genetic) were conveniently identified with the Jewish people.
The most infamous element of fascism is its support for [[Social Darwinist|Social Darwinism]] of various sorts. In Mussolini's and Hitler's regimes, a level of internal "creative tension" within the components of the nation was seen as beneficial in directing competitive desires towards the service of the State. Furthermore, Hitler's version of fascism (National Socialism) combined this Social-Darwinist [[ethos]] with an institutional belief in white supremacy to posit an evolutionary struggle between various races. [[World War II|We all know where this led]] so further elaboration is not necessary.
Things get more complicated when outlining fascist economics. Since fascism is used as an epithet and it is popularly believed that [[Hitler Ate Sugar|if Fascists did it, then it is bad]], a long intellectual battle has been waged over how to characterize the economics of Fascism.
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The fascist economic system is in keeping with the ideology's totalitarian nature, where no other institution can be allowed to rival the State in power and influence. This quality also leads to a hostility towards labour unions and other organised worker groups, with such institutions typically being repressed and dissolved. Mussolini's Italy did in fact see the creation of new trade unions following the dissolution of the old ones: these new unions were owned and operated by the State and hence did absolutely nothing.
This system [[Not So Different|invites comparisons with many forms of state socialism]], as both ideologies involve a centrally-planned economy with the State in control of the means of production. Although ownership remains private in the fascist system, many classical-liberal critiques of fascism have argued that "ownership without control" is a [[Logic Bomb|senseless, inherently illogical notion]], meaning that fascism is economically indistinguishable from state socialism and therefore ''is'' a variant of state socialism, despite *possibly* acknowledging the radical differences in [[ethos]] between the two ideologies and the different logic both sides use to arrive at their results.
Marxist critiques of fascism, conversely, argue that fascism is a form of capitalism, in the sense of Marx's initial definition of the term (see the "Marxism" subsection above). Despite being highly regimented and controlled by the State, fascist economies still have private ownership of industries by an upper-class who make profit from the labour of workers; as profit still exists, the economy is still exploitative and thus a form of capitalism. Fascism is on the whole strongly anti-Marxist and anti-socialist, and the two ideologies are usually rivals in attempts to take power during crises like economic depressions -- Marxism thus considers fascism to be at best a power play coming out of the ''petit bourgeois'', and at worst little more than a group of violent thugs controlled by the capitalist class brought in as enforcers to defend the old order (and whether or not it acknowledges this status is regarded as irrelevant, since in practice they still end up defending capitalism).
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Live-Action TV:
* [[Firefly]] is one of the most legendary examples of a show with a libertarian [[ethos]].
* Red-Eye on Fox News Channel--unlike the socially conservative fare that composes the rest of Fox's lineup--is pretty libertarian. Greg, the host, once noted "Hanging out with leftists made me become conservative. Hanging out with conservatives made me become libertarian."
* John Stossel's shows generally examine current issues from a libertarian perspective.
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