The center of the bottom panel is people in clothing with thought bubbles. It would be easy to crop out the nudity, which is towards the sides of the bottom panel while still keeping the words (I've already done it). The top panel isn't that important, some people might consider that NSFW and it takes a lot of space anyways, so that can be cropped out too. After that I think by far the most dirty thing that is left (aside from the words) is the bit (I assume that's what it's called anyways) in the thought bubble towards the right. You see a little bit of head hair and partly see an arm and barley see what might be a hand that might be bound to it, but i think at that point those parts of the image no longer remotely porn and if the readers thinks of a NSFW image, I think that is on them. And if the reader knows what the full picture looks like, the reader is probably okay with seeing NSFW images because seeing the image from the original source requires an account with the user claiming to be 18 or older and the "Mature Content Filter" off. The words in the thought bubbles are the only thing I find possibly objectionable on NSFW grounds (after the aforementioned cropping of course).
I suspect our difference in opinion is because I am looking at the picture as made of components which are "SFW", "NSFW", or "possibly NSFW" (because I intend to remove the parts that are not okay and see if whats left is still useable) and you might be looking at it as a whole (perhaps your main goal (probably because its part of your duties), is trying to determine if it is safe to use). And that there might be some bad synergy that makes otherwise SFW components be to NSFW when put together, that I am not directly picking up on (maybe because I don't want to). Other possibilities are we disagree on which components are NSFW or possibly NSFW, you haven't seen a version cropped the way I cropped mine, and/or some other reason that probably hasn't occurred to me.