Interplanetary Voyage

At the beginning of the Science Fiction genre, space travel was a new and novel trope. It wasn't about the destination - the journey alone was interesting enough. There was no Casual Interstellar Travel. We didn't have your fancy Hyperdrive or wormhole networks or your sub-ether anagrammed-tribadist Teslafied radio transmittion contraptions, and we had to walk sixteen miles back and forth through the snow to the launch site. We were lucky if we had a pith helmet! Our science was silly, but it tried to be hard ...for its time. Except for Cavorite. That's just magic.

You youngsters with your single-stage rockets and intertialess drives and horseless space shuttles have it easy. Back then, you had to build a balloon filled with evaporating morning dew, or strap on a giant rocket, or get shot out of a bloody cannon at the Man in the Moon and put his eye out. That's how we did it.

Well, that's how the hired help did it.

You could go anywhere your heart desired, as long it was the Moon, Mars, or Venus. Or the Counter-Earth, ruled by the rapacious Hun and the Kounter-Kaiser!

Back then, Men were Men, the Moon Men were Moon Men, or sometimes bats or bugs, Martians were Martians, and the Venusians were jungle-dwelling crab women!

And that's how we liked it, consarnit!

Examples of Interplanetary Voyage include:

Comic Books

The Planetary story "The Gun Club" features a Nightmare Fuel-tinged Deconstruction of Verne's classic tale, From the Earth to the Moon.
Dan Dare in The Eagle comic is perhaps the example of trying hard to be scientifically accurate space travel (for the 1950s, at least), with (almost all) the stories being limited to travel around a then-realistic version of the solar system using then-realistic spacecraft etc.

Film

A countless number of B-movies, such as Rocketship to Venus, Rocketship X-M, Destination Moon and Project Moonbase.
Mission to Mars and Red Planet, newer version of this trope.
The Wallace and Gromit short A Grand Day Out involves a rocket trip to the moon, which is made of green cheese.
Fritz Lang's 1929 film Woman in the Moon.
A.N. Tolstory's Aelita, later adapted into the groundbreaking 1924 Soviet science fiction film of the same name, describes a voyage to Mars.
The Russian film Planeta Bur (Storm Planet, 1962) is about an expedition to Venus that discovers dinosaurs. Bit of a running theme, actually.
And of course, 2001: A Space Odyssey.

Literature

The Ur Example is Lucien's True Story, the first work of western fiction, about a voyage to the moon.
Orlando Furioso, loosely based on the era of Charlemagne, has the knight Astolfo fly to the Moon on a hippogriff.
Somnium by Juan Maldonado (1541).
Johannes Kepler's Somnium, where demons take a man to the Moon.
The Man in the Moone by Francis Godwin, (1638) in which a Spaniard take a geese-powered boattrip to the Moon.
Voyage dans la Lune (1657) by the Real Life Cyrano de Bergerac, where fireworks are used as rockets.
The Consolidator (1705) by Daniel Defoe, a trip to the moon in a Chinese invention.
The Adventures Of Baron Münchhausen (1786) involve two trips to the Moon.
A Voyage to the Moon by Aratus (1793)
The Conquest of the Moon by Washington Irving, an allegory about the colonization of America.
A Flight to the Moon by George Fowler (1813).
A Voyage to the Moon (1827) by George Tucker.
"The Unparalleled Adventure of One Hans Pfaall" (1835) by Edgar Allan Poe involves a balloon trip to the Moon.
In Les Exilés de la Terre (Exiled from Earth) by Paschal Grousset involves a trip inside of an iron mountain in Sudan that has been converted into a magnetically driven vehicle (1887).
The 1903 Polish work The Silver Globe by Jerzy Żuławski.
From the Earth to the Moon by Jules Verne, and its film and opera adaptations.
The First Men in the Moon by H.G.Wells (1901).
A Trip to the Moon, the 1902 film by Georges Méliès.
Heinlein's Luna Cycle of short stories and novels.
Roverandom by Tolkien, about a humorous trip to the moon taken by his son 4-year old Michael's lost toy dog.
Doctor Dolittle in the Moon by Hugh Lofting, where the Doctor flies to the moon on the back of a giant moth.
C.S. Lewis' Space Trilogy.
Arthur C. Clarkes's 1951 Prelude to Space.
Across the Zodiac by Percy Greg, describing a 1880 trip to Mars.
Unveiling a Parallel, an 1893 feminist allegory by Alice Ilgenfritz Jones and Ella Merchant describing a Martian voyage.
Journey to Mars and Journey to Venus by Gustavus W. Pope. Venus is covered in dinosaurs.
Edison's Conquest of Mars (1898) by Garrett P. Serviss. Not as awesome as the name implies, as Edison commits genocide againsts the Martians. The message is less Scientific progress is fun! and more do not fuck with Edison.
1905's Gullivar of Mars by Edwin Lester Linden Arnold, using a magic carpet.
Doctor Omega (1906) by Arnould Galopin.
The Great Romance, a 1881 novel about a trip to Venus.
A Trip To Venus by John Munro (1897)
Stephen King's short story "The Cursed Expedition" is about a trip to a living, carnivorous Venus.
Larry Niven's short story "Becalmed in Hell" (1965), involving a trip to a hellishly hot Venus. "The Coldest Place" and "The Hole Man" were set on Mercury and Mars, respectively.
Ben Bova's 2000 novel Venus involves a scientifically accurrate trip to Venus. Also, the rest of his Grand Tour series.
The Backstory of the Red Mars Trilogy has John Boone become a worldwide hero-celebrity because he led the first Mars voyage.
The Radiant Car Thy Sparrows Drew, a 2009 short story by Catherynne M Valente has a documentary team fired into space from a giant cannon and exploring Venus via silk balloon.
The Last Hero is a Magitek version, with a group of explorers reaching the Discworld's moon by means of a giant wooden bird powered by swamp dragons.
The Wonderful Flight to the Mushroom Planet by Eleanor Cameron, a 1954 children's book about a pair of boys, aided by a reclusive astronomer/scientist, who visit a previously unknown satellite of the Earth.

Tabletop Games

The Space: 1889 RPG took this trope and ran with it, featuring Victorian-era space colonies — colonies, as in "Age of European Colonialism" — on the Moon, Mars, and Venus.

Other Media

Although actual space travel wasn't involved, the infamous "Moon Hoax" article series in the New York Sun used a super-telescope and elements of this trope to boost circulation in the mid-1800s.