Gödel, Escher, Bach

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Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid

Written by:	Douglas Hofstadter
Central Theme:
Synopsis:
Genre(s):	Nonfiction
First published:	1979

Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid by Douglas Hofstadter is an intricate and complex study of Strange Loops, Meta Concepts in general and their connection to self-awareness and intelligence. Each chapter is separated from the next by a short fictional piece in the style of Lewis Carroll, which exemplifies the theme of the following chapter.

Has a Spiritual Successor in his book Metamagical Themas.

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The Dialogues contain examples of:

• All Just a Dream: The Subjunc-TV dialogue is All Just A Hypothetical Situation.
• All There in the Index: For example, to find where the dialogue's true end is, search for 'typos'.
• Arc Words: "RICERCAR".
• Artificial Intelligence: Discussed.
• Author Avatar
• Defictionalization: When Hofstadter heard that there was a real Bach goblet, he edited the French version of GEB to make the depiction of the book's goblet the same as the real one.
• Breather Episode: The interlude "English French German Suite", consisting of Lewis Carroll's poem "Jabberwocky" in three languages, taking place between two chapters of theories on how the human mind works.
• Cultural Translation: Several have been approved by the author.
• Distracted By the Shiny: The dialogues seem to get much more attention than the actual essay section of the book.
• Doorstopper
• False Ending: A unique version which takes place after the actual ending.
• Fermat's Last Theorem
• Foreshadowing: Looking at the semantic network on page 370 reveals a lot about the latter half of the book.
• Fun with Acronyms: The chapter "Contracrostipunctus", which contains an acrostic which itself contains an acrostic.
  • RICERCAR and CEGABBAB (Babbage, C. backwards) show up in the last chapter. (Note that "Babbage, C." contains letters of music.)
• Gratuitous Foreign Language: French and Latin.
• Guide Dang It: Despite the cross-references referred to on this page, there are numerous others which are harder to spot; in fact, there are pages about the numerous references in each chapter.
• Here We Go Again: The ending, which also makes the entire book into a Framing Device for itself.
• Hidden in Plain Sight: The answers to the puzzles in "Sonata for An Unaccompanied Achilles." Not only is the answer explicitly used in the text, it is also the two puzzles make up the entire word.
• Instructional Dialogue
• Koan: On a whole bunch of baffling ones.
• Logic Bomb
• Make a Wish: Achilles (after going inside of a picture made by Escher, which itself is an event inside of another book in the original story) finds a magic lamp and tries to wish for more wishes, but that doesn't work, because the genie doesn't grant meta-wishes. Eventually he is granted a Typeless Wish, and wishes that this wish would not be granted, but then it results in an event that cannot be described (and therefore no attempt is made to describe it).
• Meta Fiction: Some stories are so extremely meta that they have no content other than discussions of themselves discussing themselves discussing themselves ad infinitum, usually indirectly.
• Musical Theme Naming: Every dialogue is named after a piece by Johann Sebastian Bach, or a pun on one.
• Nested Story: "Little Harmonic Labyrinth", which actually ends while still one level "down" (as the record they are inside of (with the same title) also does).
• Painting the Fourth Wall
• Public Domain Character: Achilles and the Tortoise, from the Greek philosopher Zeno (who also himself appears).
• Pun: The coppers Silva and Gould.
• Recurring Riff: This dialogue, repeated, at least, some variation of, thrice; on pages 62, 200, and 724.

Achilles: Say, don't you play the guitar? Tortoise: Fiddle. It makes a big difference, you know. Achilles: Oh, well, it's all the same to me.

• Recursive Acronym: "GOD" in "Little Harmonic Labyrinth" (short for "GOD Over Djinn").
• Recursive Reality. In so many ways.
• Schrödinger's Butterfly
• She's a Man In Japan: The Tortoise is referred to as male in the original, but the French word for tortoise is the feminine tortue. Hofstadter, who is interested in the phenomenon of unconscious sexism in language, was delighted when this was pointed out, and gave the French translators the go-ahead to make the Tortoise a female character.
• Self-Deprecation: A book about "metal-logic", called Copper, Silver, Gold: an Indestructible Metallic Alloy is mentioned in the dialogues. The Crab says that it's "filled with strange Dialogues about many subjects, including molecular biology, fugues, Zen Buddhism, and heaven knows what else." Achilles responds that "probably some crackpot wrote it". The book is also listed in the bibliography, where it's called "a formidable hodge-podge, turgid and confused". Indeed very little praise is given to its author, Egbert B. Gebstadter.
• Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: Commented on if a psychic who could determine the minds of other people was allowed to choose his or her jury if accused.
• Spoiled by the Format: The Tortoise and Achilles discuss using Filler to counteract this problem.
• Stealth Pun
• Subverted Rhyme Every Occasion: In one of the dialogues, the Crab puts on a record of himself singing "A Song Without Time or Season." Here's how it goes:

A turner of phrases quite pleasin', Had a penchant for trick'ry and teasin'. In his songs, the last line Might seem sans design; What I mean is, without why or wherefore.

• Textbook Humor: Well, the text wasn't all that serious to begin with, but you have to wonder when Hofstadter describes the DNA of a feline as CATCATCATCATCAT...
• Title Drop: In the form of Book Ends.
• To Be Continued: The two Dialogues Prelude... and ... Ant Fugue are, well, two sections of a separated story. The end of the former ends with TTortoise (Sic), while the latter begins with Achilles and CCrab (Sic), using "ATTACCA" as a guide.
• The Treachery of Images: Subverted -- one character takes the pipe out of the painting and smokes it.
• Variant Chess: They do not describe the actual rules, but suggest a variant that the movement of the pieces would change the rules.