Defiant Stone Throw

Loki: Kneel before me. I said... KNEEL! Is not this simpler? Is this not your natural state? It's the unspoken truth of humanity that you crave subjugation. The bright lure of freedom diminishes your life's joy in a mad scramble for power. For identity. You were made to be ruled. In the end, you will always kneel.
German Old Man: [Stands] Not to men like you.
Loki: There are no men like me.
German Old Man: There are always men like you.

—The Avengers

So the Super Villain is hamming it up, and starts an evil speech about how now everyone must despair and obey or die... Only to get a rock to the head from a Muggle or Innocent Bystander. Rather than be paralyzed with fear, the meekest make a very brave but mostly harmless gesture of defiance against a dangerous foe who they have every reason not to piss off. For extra trope points, it'll be a child, old person, or someone who is completely unintimidating. For double bonus points, it will be someone previously shown to dislike the hero or badmouth them.

The symbolism here is pretty direct: even when in the face of overwhelming opposition and defeat, people are still capable of bravery and dignity.

Despite the trope name stones aren't always used, sometimes it's trash or even Produce Pelting. If even that is hard to come by, the (at this point) Heroic Bystander may just use a well timed Shut UP, Hannibal, saying that they reject their rule, believe in the hero, and that even The Hero's defeat will only embolden them to fight for themselves. This may lead to the rock thrower getting killed, a pro-hero riot starting, the villain getting distracted (and the hero taking advantage) or the release of the hero to finish the battle. In some cases, the civilian has no rock and instead uses trash, or does something equally impressive like standing during a Kneel Before Zod exchange.

See also Spirit Bomb and Fighting for Survival.

Please use the Rule of Cautious Editing Judgement when adding Real Life examples.

Examples of Defiant Stone Throw include:

Anime and Manga

Happens in Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann with a side order of Values Dissonance: Rossiu is surrounded by armed guards telling a crowd Simon is to be executed, when a rock hits him in the head. We never see who threw it, but a previous shot showed a man in the crowd with a Badass Mustache doing the Bicep-Polishing Gesture (the page image). The Western fandom thought he was giving Rossiu an "Up yours!" gesture, named him Bruce Ironstaunch, and made it Fanon that he threw the rock.
In The Twelve Kingdoms: Shoukei throws a rock at a guard in protest of a particularly horrific public execution, leading to her being pursued through the city streets. The event becomes significant later, as it puts her in touch with Yoko and a group of mercenary resistance fighters. This is made even more significant in her Character Development as Shoukei's father, a tyrant, had a woman's son executed for doing the exact same thing. When the boy's mother told Shoukei this, she defended her father (it probably didn't help that she was in denial and being beaten by said mother).
The One Punch Man scene where Mumene Rider encounters the Sea King probably counts. While Mumen Rider is a pro hero by profession, if we are being honest, his Super Weight would be probably be 0. So when he seeks and faces off against the Sea King, which is probably Weight 4, despite being knowing how futile the gesture will be and despite the super hero agency discouraging him from approaching the monster and throwing his life away.

Film

In The Avengers an older German refused to bow to Loki, saying he remembered the pettiness of those who force others into submission.
Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children has an astonishing double bonus. Pre-teen girl Marlene (?) tosses a Materia Orb at Yazoo to stop him fro finishing Tifa once he KO's her. It works, but only because the Materia is fully powered and what the setting's magic runs on.
At the end of Matilda, the children all start throwing trash at the defeated Trunchbull.
In Spider-Man, a bridge full of passerby pelt the Green Goblin with trash to buy Spidey the time to save a wire car from falling.
In Watchmen this happens during one of the crowd scenes, with the Comedian and the second Nite Owl.

Literature

Mentioned several times in Discworld:
- In Night Watch, where Vimes notes that "unarmed civilians" can be decidedly dangerous once they pry a few cobblestones off the street.
- Thud!: When Vimes and company investigate a murder claim in a dwarven compound, a group of unruly dwarves show up to protest. One of them throws a half brick and knocks out the dwarf officer Vimes brought with him.

Live Action TV

On Game of Thrones, King Joffrey gets a hunk of excrement thrown at him when passing a crowd. The scene quickly dissolves into a riot.

Professional Wrestling

When the N Wo debuted in WCW fans (or employees disguised as fans) responded by throwing lots of trash into the ring.

New Media

In Descendant of a Demon Lord, Celes (a literal demon, but can hardly be considered a Big Bad) entered a tent of cooks preparing food for an invading army. When she told them to carry on with their tasks, a boy threw a carrot at her. Celes killed him for his trouble. After that, unless you count screaming in terror at the boy's death, legs giving out in fear after receiving an Affectionate Gesture to the Head, a plea for mercy instead of simply doing as she was told, or suicide, none of the cooks saw fit to defy Celes.

Video Games

The angry mob unit in Command & Conquer: Generals throws rocks before being upgraded to wield AK-47s.
In In Famous, random passer's by will either do this to Cole (if he's evil, or in the beginning when he's been framed for causing the accident which gave him his powers) or enemies (if you have a 100% Heroism Rating).
In Xenogears has this with Fei (the PC) on the receiving end of the rock throws! In one arena match when facing a much weaker but massively popular opponent, the crowd throws stuff at the player in opposition.

Web Comics

In the Grim Tales from Down Below webcomic on Snafu-comics.com by Bleedman: Mimi does one of these in a flashback to a demon who was attempting to kill the remaining heros. As seen here.

Web Original

In Homestar Runner, the Strong Bad Email "disconnected" parodies this with Strong Bad's headless body throwing rocks from a box labeled "Riot Rocks."

Western Animation

Avatar: The Last Airbender has this in the first season episode "Imprisoned". Earthbenders are being kept prisoner in an ocean rig / Tailor-Made Prison devoid of all stone and earth to keep them from Earthbending. After Aang and then Katara give an inspirational speech, no one acts because of their broken spirits. However Haru tosses the first stone in defiance and soon all the Earthbenders rise up to resist. And since Aang and co had previously supplied a huge pile of coal for them to Earthbend, things got very dirty very fast for their captors.
Avengers Earths Mightiest Heroes has one second season episode show this prominently. The Muggles in a subway car spend most of the episode berating Captain America (comics) for betraying humanity (it was a Skrull) as he is leading them to safety. However, by the end when he's about to fall to the Serpent Society (who've pretty much said they want to kill the muggles) they all pelt the villains and distract them enough with supportive cries to give Cap a chance.
In the Exo Squad episode "Resist!", JT Marsh calls out to the people of Earth to resist the newly-formed Neosapien regime, even though the Terran fleet is routed and must flee to the outer planets.
Subverted in one episode of ReBoot that had Megabyte threaten a group of binomes with assimilation into his viral forces, but a Picard-Expy binome refused with a line out of the Star Trek movies. Megabyte promptly vaporizes him and all the other binomes surrendered.
SpongeBob SquarePants: in the episode where Squidward does everything Spongebob wants to do before he dies, one of the items is "Show my friend Squidward to everyone in town". When introduced to a group of fish, one throws a rock at his head. When doing the whole thing again while wearing a salmon suit, all three fish throw a rock at his head.
In the Superman: The Animated Series two-parter "Apokolips... Now!", Dan Turpin calls for resistance against Darkseid, after the latter defeats the Man of Steel and proclaims Earth his dominion.

Real Life

Please use the Rule of Cautious Editing Judgement.

"Stone, the weapon of the proletariat", a famous Soviet monumental sculpture by Ivan Shadr, depicting an angry emaciated man grabbing the titular boulder and preparing to throw it. The title phrase itself became a proverb in Russian, and a photo of the sculpture is this page's image.