Capital Letters Are Magic

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"The door was the way to... to... The Door was The Way. Good. Capital letters were always the best way of dealing with things you didn't have a good answer to." —The Electric Monk, Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency

One of the hardest parts of making a fantasy or science fiction world can be names. Not just for people, but for metaphysical concepts, alien races or awe-inspiring devices/weapons. When writers don't want to make up a new word, they'll often take a short, evocative term and capitalize it. The practice is still so commonplace that JRR Tolkien (who was a language professor at a respected university) decided to use a trick of combining Capital Letters Are Magic with commonplace words from languages he'd made up for fun in his spare time to create all of his fictional-but-now-well-known fantasy names. Here on this site we get a lot of tropes this way as well, such as the The Load and The Chick.

In universe, a character may comment on how they can "hear" the Capital Letters. Of course, this is easily explained as proper nouns have inflections, pauses, and emphasis that normal speech does not.

Ideally, this will give the concept a simple, descriptive name that doesn't sound too dopey. Unfortunately, this can cause hiccups when they want to use the word in its usual sense, and often leads to eye-rolling from jaded fantasy fans.

Alongside ordinary words that take on special new meanings, neologisms are frequently capitalized as well. If fantasy characters talk about smeerps instead of Smeerps, then it may throw the reader off. (Even if these characters are Smeerp farmers who wouldn't think of the animals as "special", and who also ride horses instead of Horses.) Well-established fantasy concepts, such as dragons and vampires, don't get this treatment. It seems that lowercase words feel more orthodox and "official", and it's therefore incorrect for a fictional world to have a "new" one without the characters somehow noticing that something is different.

Brand Names Are Better is another example of the effect. After the "magic" has gone away, you get Stuck on Band-Aid Brand. (The new power to copy papers is Xeroxing; years later, the everyday task of copying papers is xeroxing.)

Compare The Trope Without a Title and We Will Use Wiki Words in the Future (when two or more simple words are used in this way). Contrast Call a Rabbit a Smeerp, which is putting fantastical names to common things. A popular alternative is Phantasy Spelling, though such terms are often also capitalized.

Examples of Capital Letters Are Magic include:

Metaphysical Concepts:

• Essence
• The Force
• The One Power
• The Speech, The Powers That Be, The Lone Power
• The Source, The Blue, The Red, and The Green
• The Warp
• The Crystal(s)
• THE POWER
• The Art
• Dust
• The Light
• The Quickening
• The Symphony
• The Will and The Word
• The Word, The LORD
• The Script
• God
• Nothing, as well as The Nothing
• The Skill, The Wit
• The Way
• The Word
• The Void

Races:

• Old Ones. The Light. The Dark.
• The Flood from Halo
  • Also the Grunts, Jackals, Drones, Hunters, Engineers, Brutes, Elites, and Prophets, which all have non-English species names anyway
    • Unggoy, Kig-Yar, Yanme'e, Mgalekgolo (Lekgolo being colonies not integrated into suits or machines), Huragok, Jiralhanae, Sangheili, and San 'Shyuum if you're curious.
• The Forsaken from Warcraft
  • Likewise, the Scourge.
• The Eternals from Marvel Comics
• The Neverborn and the Primordials from Exalted, as well as the titular Exalted. Lunar and Solar castes also get a rather negative form of this treatment from the Immaculate Order, with titles such as the Deceivers, the Blasphemous, the Frenzied, etc...
• Older Than Print: The Fair Folk being from medieval European folklore.
• Gregory Maguire's Wicked makes an important distinction between animals and Animals.
  • Likewise, capitalization serves to distinguish sentient hominids of Ringworld, such as Hanging People or Grass Giants, from non-sentient ones such as vampires. Subverted in that, while this convention is used in the (English) text of the last two novels, it's stated in-character that the trade-language of Ringworlders actually uses a prefix to tell them apart.
• The Forevers from Ayreon
• The Fallen
• The Thrones, the Dominions, the Powers, the Virtues
• The Powers That Be
• The Powers What Is
• Keys to the Kingdom has a lot of these: Denizens, Nithlings, Piper's Children, etc.
• DMFA has Beings, with sapient non-Being creatures being Creatures.
• The Endless
• And, in possibly the least creative example ever: The Race.
• The Chosen
• Originally, the Zerg and the Protoss, although they were knocked down to lowercase letters later on, because real-life species names aren't capitalized.
• Mass Effect: not most species, but the Protheans, the Collectors, and especially the Reapers.

Other:

• White Wolf seems to be in love with this trope, and any RPG they publish will have multiple instances of this. Aside from the Exalted examples already listed above, we have the Beast and Vitae from Vampire, the Wyrm, the Weaver, and the Wyld from Werewolf, the Second Breath and the Wyld again from Exalted, Legend, Fate, Knacks, Birthrights, and Scions from Scion, and numerous other examples.
  • Lampshaded in the nWoD Mage: The Awakening rulebook intro:

"Note Important Capital Letters. Mages Use Lots Of Capital Letters."

• From a Naruto Fanfic: "Capital letters were very useful when dealing with Gaara. They helped to distinguish between sand, which got in your shorts, and Sand, which could kill you."
• Geneforge: the Shapers create and modify living organisms by Shaping.
• One may seem to encounter this Trope when reading Works written in the 17th and 18th Centuries, as it was then the Custom to write all Nouns with capital Letters. The Readers may be assured it's all in their Heads.
  • This is still the custom in a number of languages, most notably German.
  • Also seen in works attempting to imitate their style.
• Used frequently by Katherine Kurtz in her Deryni works to distinguish magically-enhanced things/processes from analogous ordinary ones (healing vs. Healing, veil vs. Veil). Also used in particular phrases coined to describe magical objects and processes, such as Mind Seeing, Truth Reading, Truth Saying, Transfer Portal.
• More 'official' than 'magic, but Cryptonomicon, by Neal Stephenson, has a passage in which the main character navigated a small island. It is so small, in fact, that there is only one of most things-hence titles such as 'the Car', 'the Street', and 'the Squeegee'.
• Terry Pratchett also uses this, for example in The Amazing Maurice and his Educated Rodents where in one header you find out that Mister Bunnsy finds himself in "the Dark Wood".
  • This could have been the name of the forest, though, in which case it would have been justified.
• The Sci Fi Channel's miniseries The Lost Room is based around a series of about one hundred items called Objects that possess strange properties. Objects featured include The Key, The Pen, The Glass Eye and The Bus Ticket.
• Wiki Words.
• Keys to the Kingdom again, which has the titular Keys, only one of which even resembles a key.
  • The Front Door, Nothing, The House, The Will... he murders it.
• The Fence of The Amory Wars is another name for Heaven, where the Prise hang out (another name for angels).
• In Harry Potter, there's the Trace (a term which, interestingly, only comes up a good deal after the concept has been well established). Places can be made Unplottable, words can be Tabooed, and people Stunned. In most cases, though, novel magical concepts/devices will be capitalized and a made-up word, such as Occlumency (not, say, Clouding). Or a pre-existing word, such as squib or snitch, will be used in so unrelated a manner that it feels like a made-up word. As is common in other fiction, the capitalization trend doesn't apply when it's something the author didn't invent: wands and dragons versus Time-Turners and Thestrals.
• The <<Sword>>, The <<Blood>>, and to <<See>> in Girls Love Visual Novel Akai Ito and its sort-of sequel Aoi Shiro. The <<Sword>> has a proper name though, it's Ame-no-Murakumo.
• Doesn't enter the above category for being a group instead of a race: Lost has the Others.
• Oracle of Tao does a combination of science and magic, and pre-existing scientific terms are lowercase while that of Magic are uppercase. A magical portal joining two worlds is a Gate, the world of nonbeing is the Void, and Light and Darkness refer to balance of the two (and since it is Taoism-based, they are normally coupled). Then we have various scientific processes like cloning, which are lowercase for the mundane science, and capitalized for Cloning magic. Likewise, when referring to a light or dark room, these two are lowercase. There seem to some inconsistencies in this though...
• Supreme Commander has a fictional religion called, "The Way."
  • So does (Gene Roddenberry's) Andromeda, though it seems like theirs is based on/inspired by Taoism.
• the Knight and Rogue Series has Gifts, which give people the ability to detect potentially dangerous wild magic, as well as a slew of other randomly assorted unreliable abilities such as knowing if your in danger (which can be anything from being stalked to having your aunt trying to arrange your marriage) or taming animals.
• Used quite a bit in the Tales of the Five Hundred Kingdoms series. The Tradition is, like the Force, always capitalized, as are many roles and patterns.
• Storyteller Mark Lewis sometimes remarks that when he first read Winnie the Pooh he noticed that some words were capitalized even though they weren't proper nouns. Much later he asked a British friend why these words were capitalized, and said friend responded "Because they are Important."
• The Super Mario Bros. powerups are always capitalized. It's not a mushroom, it's a Super Mushroom, it's not a fire flower, it's a Fire Flower, etc.
• LIS DEAD has a fair list of these, from Him to the Agents of the Organization
• Magykal words in Septimus Heap are always capitalized.
• Discworld's Death always speaks in small caps.
• "The Change" in The Last Dove to refer to the ability of all the characters to shapeshift.
• Christians, and some editions of The Bible, often capitalize pronouns that refer to God or Jesus to show reverence to Him. Other editions of the Bible drop the practice except to distinguish between God or Jesus and another male character in the same scene.
• People draw a distinction between ideologies and the political parties that have appropriated the names of the ideologies. For example, there are "small-l libertarians" and "big-L Libertarians".
• In Who Moved My Cheese?, "Cheese" and "New Cheese" are written with initial caps when referring to the littlepeople because "Cheese" represents what people desire in life.
• In Who Cut the Cheese? by Stilton Jarlsberg, the first pages of the story lampshade the practice of writing "Cheese" with initial caps for extra symbolism.
• There's a conspiracy theory about the DC Organic Act of 1871, a law passed soon after the Fourteenth Amendment that reorganized the government of Washington, DC, claiming that the United States has been transformed into a corporation called "THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT" under control of foreign bankers, which is somehow distinct from the "united States of America" under the Declaration of Independence and Constitution.
  • This particular conspiracy theory gets more hilarious if you're aware of the sovereign citizens movement and "freeman on the land". These domestic terrorists (as they are considered by the FBI) attempt to use the above theory in legal situations by claiming because their name is in all caps on a document, claiming this is their "legal" person, and that it does not apply to their actual person (spelled normally), as is there is an actual difference or that this even has legal weight. Needless to say, this has yet to be taken seriously anywhere, and is considered contempt of court.