Peace Conference

The Chief of State of the New Republic and the Supreme Commander of the Imperial fleet call off the war. Guess Which Is Which

Wars don't all have to end in a grand Final Battle. In fact, if the combatants both Know When to Fold'Em, they can end the war without either side being crippled or annihilated.

Basically, two deadly enemies have a sit-down discussion, usually in neutral territory. The talks may be of vital importance: if they fail, a war on hold may restart or a new one may begin.

Since not everyone is interested in peace, someone will probably try to sabotage the talks- usually with a False-Flag Operation. Sometimes the more evil side just wants access to the other side's leadership, but typically peace talks are a good sign that neither side is entirely evil, and both are in fact fairly reasonable.

Of course, sometimes the peace conference is a trap, and the villains have no intention of negotiating in good faith; merely in luring the opposition into a place where it can be stomped out for good.

This trope also encompasses arms control negotiations and longer-lasting talks. While there's some superficial resemblance to a Hostage Situation, the two tropes really aren't related.

Manipulative characters may take this chance to pull a Genghis Gambit, causing both sides to put off their differences in the face of some new threat. Hardliners may conspire to sabotage the conference as a Pretext for War.

Examples of Peace Conference include:

Anime and Manga

These are repeated several times in Turn a Gundam by Dianna Soriel and Guin Lineford, only to fail each time as different factions sabotage them. Eventually they're abandoned when it's revealed factions on the moon have turned against Dianna, which rather sinks the chances of permanent peace until that's taken care of.
In the backstory of Mobile Suit Gundam, the Antarctic Conference was held after the utterly disastrous opening week of war between the Federation and Zeon, which had a death toll in the billions due to rampant use of chemical and nuclear weapons on both sides. Though it started out as peace negotiations, it later turned to arms reduction, and eventually culminated in the Antarctic Treaty, which had several major tenets: Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical weapons were not allowed, Zeon was not allowed to Colony Drop Earth, prisoners of war were to be treated humanely, and the Side 6 colonies were officially neutral territory.
- Degwin Zabi, sovereign of Zeon, attempts a peace talk with the Federation near the end of the series, as he's tired of the war and has lost two of his children to it. The peace talks end in failure when both parties are vaporized by Gihren Zabi's Wave Motion Gun.
A successful one happens in Highschool Dx D where angels, fallen angels, and devils formed a peace treaty with each other and is known historically as the "Kuon Treaty", named after the academy that they were at. Unforunately, there's a certain group that doesn't want in on the peace treaty because either a) they still want to continue the Forever War, and b) the old generation doesn't want to recognize the new generation as the leaders.

Fan Works

Clear Skies is about a plot to disrupt a Gallente-Caldari peace conference, by crashing a Titan into the space station it's taking place on.

Film

The description of this trope could serve perfectly as a description of the Khitomer Accords between The Federation and the Klingons in Star Trek VI the Undiscovered Country and the backstory to Star Trek: The Next Generation.
The Mouse That Roared - the Duchy of Grand Fenwick, having declared war on the U.S. for the express purpose of being defeated and showered with reparation money, finds themselves winning, by seizing an ultimate nuclear weapon. The peace terms with the U.S. representative include having a California winery cease producing a cheap rip-off of their chief export pinot (their reason for going to war), a request for a million dollars in aid (the U.S. rep protests that they may have to settle for a billion, not a paltry million, but the Fenwick rep reminds him they won), and a proposal that the bomb be held by the little countries of the world as leverage against the superpowers going to nuclear war.

Literature

At the beginning of the Barrett Tillman novel The Sixth Battle, peace negotiations between the ANC and South Africa's apartheid government are seriously disrupted when extremist whites fly two remote-controlled Cessnas filled with explosives into the building holding South Africa's Parliament, killing F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela. Pretoria guesses correctly that when the talks later appear to be making progress, the ~~Soviet~~ Eurasian-supported Front Line States will launch an attack.
Timothy Zahn's Hand of Thrawn duology had, as one of a great many plot points, the Supreme Commander of the Imperial Remnant, Pellaeon, realizing that the only way what was left of the Empire would survive was if they signed a peace treaty with the New Republic. Of course some of his people resisted, leading to about three-fourths of the events of that duology as they kidnapped his diplomatic envoy, sent pirates masquerading as New Republic forces to attack him, and decided to make it look like the greatest military mind the galaxy had known was Back from the Dead and didn't want the war to end. Eventually, Pellaeon prevailed. And it worked, even if there were still factions that refused to accept this.
Preventing one of these from happening between Manticore and Haven is a major plot point in At All Costs and the failure of the previous one is the major reason for the resumption of hostilities in War of Honor.
- They also feature prominently in Mission of Honor, though they are not quite as formal as most.
Subverted in a short gag in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy with G'Gugvuntts and Vl'hurgs - they only appear in the midst of the conference, and, inspired by the words of Arthur Dent traveling through a freak wormhole, decide to form an alliance against Earth. They fail to reckon scale into their strategy.

Live-Action TV

Doctor Who did this twice in the Pertwee era:
- "The Mind of Evil" has the Master hijacking a chemical-armed missile aiming to use it on a world peace conference.
- That conference didn't work, as another one was held a year later to stop a situation turning into World War Three. In "Day of the Daleks," a bomb going off starts that war and leads to the Daleks taking over Earth, which was what some guerrillas have traveled back in time to prevent by killing the man they thought was responsible. He wasn't and by blowing up the conference themselves, they caused their own problem. The Doctor is able to prevent this from occurring.
As stated by the opening Babylon 5 was designed to be a place for this to happen. It didn't go so well.
The end of Farscape: The Peacekeeper Wars has one take place between the Sebaceans and the Scarrans aboard Moya.
The original Battlestar Galactica opened with a peace conference intended to end a thousand-year war between the human Twelve Colonies and the Cylons. For anyone who a) hasn't seen the original Battlestar Galactica yet b) nonetheless cares about spoilers, the "peace conference" is really an evil and almost entirely successful plot by the bad guys to lure the good guys into a trap and wipe them out.
- The new Battlestar Galactica starts with something similar, but different: The Colonies and the Cylons had an Armistice Line, and an agreement to meet once a year on a little station on the line where representatives of each side would presumably sit across a table from one another, stare at each other for a while, and then go home. This arrangement is remarkably similar to the arrangement for the Panmunjom Conference between the US-led UN coalition and North Korea set up at the end of The Korean War and has been going on continuously ever since (see Real Life, below). Except...the Cylons don't send anyone. Ever. No one has seen the Cylons presumably since the peace agreement 40 years before the series begins. Eventually, the Cylons walk in one fateful meeting and shoot the Colonial representative, starting the war.
The final season of 24 revolves around a UN-sponsored peace conference to end Kamistan's nuclear weapons programme.
Babel One in Star Trek: Enterprise, the peace negotiations between the Tellarites and Andorians which mark the first step towards The Federation.
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The ultimate fate of Jason, Zack and Trini. Although Jason rejoins the team in Power Rangers Zeo.
- Billy later manages to successfully "resolve differences" between the Aquatorians and the Hydro Contaminators after traveling to Aquator.

Video Games

Command & Conquer: Generals 2: Most of the world's politicians and diplomats go to one of these... And thanks to terrorists, they don't come back, leaving the eponymous Generals to seize control of all the nations.
Suikoden III opens with a cease-fire agreement being negotiated by the Grassland Clans and the Zexen Confederacy, while the Holy Kingdom of Harmonia is waiting for a secret treaty to expire so they can launch a new offensive. Needless to say, since this is the start of the game, the treaty meeting doesn't go well.
Killer7 states at the beginning that the first appearance of the Heaven Smiles were at a World Peace Conference. The video accompanying it shows one of them detonating during a signing ceremony.
In the Soviet campaign of Command & Conquer: Red Alert 3, Cherdenko uses one as a trap to decapitate the Allied leadership.
- One mission in the Allied campaign in the Yuri's Revenge expansion to Red Alert 2 centres around a peace conference between the Allies and the Soviets, with the aim to stop shooting at each other and focus on shooting at Yuri's forces. Despite Yuri's attempts to interfere or taking advantage of most world leaders being gathered in London, it succeeds.
In Advance Wars 2, Adder uses one as a trap against Yellow Comet's commanders. Kanbei insisted on at least hearing Adder out, despite Sonja's objections.
The intro to Starlancer shows the Coalition and the Alliance meeting for peace talks, when the Coalition reveals it has brought a cloaked armada and proceeds to wipe out a large chunk of the Alliance Space Navy. Despite this, the war lasts nearly a century.
In Final Fantasy VI, after some Espers destroy the imperial capital Vector, The Empire invites The Returners to offer a cease-fire and invite them to help negotiate with the Espers—a peace conference to set the stage for another peace conference. This turns out to be a trap for the Espers, which leads in to the second half of the game.
One of the Incarnate trials for City of Heroes/City of Villains included a mission which started with the team deployed as security for a Peace Conference between Earth's primary defense force and a faction of the alien Rikti which had been besieging the city for years. Naturally, the conference is crashed by a third side looking to cause trouble for everyone.

Western Animation

The peace talks between the Earth army and the Brain Balls of Futurama, headed by Henry Kissinger and Bender of all people/robots/severed heads. It was actually a ploy by Nixon and Brannigan, unknown to the negotiators, to use Bender as a bomb.

Real Life

The Ur Example (in the West at least), is the Congress of Westphalia of 1648, where all the princes great and small involved in the Thirty Years' War got their heads together, declared peace, and ~~invented~~ defined the concept of state sovereignty. Oh, and declared Piracy universally illegal, giving all country the right to try any pirate it caught.
The next few centuries were peppered with peace conferences, the most famous being the Congress of Vienna (1815) to end the Napoleonic Wars, the Congress of Berlin (1878) to reorganize the Balkans, and the Paris Peace Conference (1919) to end World War I.
- In many ways The Congress of Vienna was one big party. Which considerable expense was more then justified as a way of keeping all the delegates disciplined. Nonetheless in some circles it is more famous for it's refined womanizing then it's diplomacy. It was also a great time for intrigue. That does not mean the delegates were all useless wusses as many of them travelled to the conference through corpse strewn battlefields with a fair chance of getting grabbed by bandits and the bargaining and brinkmanship was fierce and written about by noted political historians. While the idea is unorthodox it would be a great setting for a historical thriller for anyone who wishes to write it.
Since the Big One at Paris, these aren't so common; the United Nations more or less exists to serve as a permanent peace conference. However, some important ones occurred after the The Great Politics Mess-Up (the 1995 one at Dayton settling the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the 1993 one at Oslo between the Israelis and Palestinians being the most notable).
- On the other hand, most of the world views it as a complete joke. Minor countries and superpowers alike abide by its rules if and when they feel like it. For example, a few years ago^[when?] America defied the U.N. to invade Iraq over Iraq... defying the U.N.
  - When you consider that the Iraqi regime signed the Gulf War ceasefire, stating in very big letters (more or less) ANY VIOLATION OF THESE TERMS WARRANTS A RETURN TO OPEN WAR, and the subsequent passage of time with more and more violations, it Makes Sense in Context.
  - And as we can all see here, when you deal with politics and war, Your Mileage May Vary.
- Another major problem with the "permanent peace conference" idea was that such conferences generally occurred after wars between the Great Powers. However, the founding of the UN came alongside the end of World War II, which brought with it the ultimate deterrent to war between the Great Powers. The UN has since turned its attention to other endeavors, some successful (e.g. many of its humanitarian programs), some disastrous (e.g. the Iraqi Oil for Food program in The Nineties), and some more mixed (e.g. peacekeeping).
In the United States, the best known are the Panmunjom Truce talks during the Korean War which led to the cease fire; and the Paris Peace Accords which ended the direct American involvement in the Vietnam War. Neither one has good connotations for Americans. As pointed out in M*A*S*H, the Panmunjom talks spent years arguing on the shape of the conference table (which was a Red Herring for the real issues). The Paris Peace Accords were quickly broken by North Vietnam, which attacked and defeated South Vietnam.
- The Panmunjom talks are perhaps the oddest peace conference (not a grammatical error, there were a lot of talks for one official conference) in history. The talks were started on a cease-fire, so technically North Korea and the U.S. led U.N. coalition are still at war. Every month the two delegations meet and just stare at each other for two hours. Occasionally there's an incident or an attempt for diplomacy.
- One of the funniest parts of American Military History is reading about the talks, though it is black humor since so many people died during the arguments. Basically, if one side did anything out of the ordinary, like bring a little flag to the talks, then the other side would immediately one-up them, to the point where the flags became bigger than the meeting rooms. The Chinese representative also became famous for being able to simply sit without movement for hours, even letting a fly crawl across his face.
The 1998 talks at Stormont Castle in Stroke Country that led to the Good Friday Agreement, bringing an end of the worst of The Troubles.
- And then, because Sinn Fein and the DUP are assholes (or extremists, or principled, or whatever you like), the whole thing broke down again, requiring another conference and another agreement at St. Andrews (in Scotland; and yes, it's the place with the golf course) in 2006.
Real Life peace conferences are theater and that the negotiations all took place beforehand. No head of state can politically afford to come to a Peace Conference without returning with a treaty so doing negotiations in person hurts a head of states bargaining ability. Therefore proper peace conferences should be done secretly and the alleged Peace Conference is only to solemnize it with a lot of pomp.
- This is a lot truer today than it was in the past, primarily because of increased speed of communication. The aforementioned Paris Peace Conference actually got a great deal done; while telegraphs could send messages quickly, they were useless for negotiation, and the only way to cross long distances was by ship or train. Now, with telephones, airplanes, and (increasingly) the Internet, settling things beforehand is much easier, and you can ensure that the underlings who are doing it stick to your policy (rather than have to show up in person if you want to get anything done your way).
According to one version Henry Kissinger, during the Yom Kippur war, was disappointed to get a message from Nixon telling that he spoke with the President's authority. The reason was that he wanted enough ambiguity to prolong the Peace Conference and give the Israelis time enough to get their Revenge before the war stopped.
- More specifically he wanted the war to end in a condition where both sides had shown enough badassery to neither feel humiliated or feel over-arrogant toward their rival. While it sounds and is a rather gruesome sort of logic, in Israeli-Egyptian relations at least it more or less worked as planned; there is peace if not friendship. With the Syrians(who pretty much got their clocks cleaned) not so much, though at least they haven't challenged the Israelis in a conventional battle sense then.